Isihlahla sekofi

Lesi sitshalo esimnandi (i-Cofia) - isihlahla esincane esihlala sikhula noma isihlahla esikhulu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezinuka kamnandi ezimeni zazo. Ziyafana nezimbali zejasmine, kepha zinkulu. Izithelo zibomvu noma zimnyama futhi ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngosayizi we-cherry, zideze.

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-50 zezitshalo zasendle ezishisayo zase-Afrika, iMadagascar kanye naseziqhingini zaseMascaren ziyingxenye yohlobo lwekhofi. Izinhlobo zamakhofi zekofi zitshalwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Phakathi kwabathandi bengadi yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi endlini, iningi lekhofi lase-Arabia liyakhula; abaseLiberia nabaseBrazil abavamile.

Umuthi wekhofi osatshalaliswa yimbewu nangokusanhlamvu (ukusikwa). Abantu bavame ukubuza lo mbuzo: kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhule ikhofi kusuka kubhontshisi oluhlaza othengiswa esitolo. Cha, ngeke. Abakwazi ukuhluma. Imbewu yesihlahla sekhofi ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa ukumila kwawo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izitshalo ezitholwe ngemisiko zikhula kangcono futhi zishesha ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezisetshenziselwa okusanhlamvu. Ukuze sibambe izimpande, sisebenzisa amagatsha apical ngamabili amabili amaqabunga ahlelwe kahle. Ukusikwa okungaphansi kwesibambo kwenziwa nge-oblique, 2 cm ngaphansi kwesihlahla sokuqala samaqabunga. Ukwakheka kwesiqendwana kungokulandelayo: izingxenye ezi-2 zesihlabathi somfula kanye nengxenye eyodwa yendawo eshidi. Ukuze uthole ukwakheka okungcono kwezimpande ngaphambi kokutshala, sibamba iziphetho ezingezansi zezisiki amahora angama-5-8 kwisisombululo se-heteroauxin (ithebhulethi lekota ngalinye ngama-200 g amanzi). Ngaphambi kokutshala, thina uthuli olungaphansi lusike ngomlotha wezinkuni ukugwema ukubola okungaba khona kokusikeka. Ngokucophelela ngeminwe emibili wethula isiqu ku-substrate ekhasini lokuqala lamaqabunga bese umboza ngembiza yengilazi. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amafomu we-callus emhlabathini onqunywe ukusikeka, kuthi emva kwenyanga nesigamu, kuvela izimpande.

Isihlahla sekofi

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokutshala isihlahla sekofi bufana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo bezitshalo zikawolintshi ezikhule ngaphakathi ezindlini. Izinhlobo ezisikiwe zitshalwe ebhodweni elinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-9 kuya kwali-12. Phansi ubeke umhlanga ngohlangothi lwe-convex up bese uthele ungqimba lwesihlabathi esikhulu sasemfuleni esingu-1-1,5. Ukwakheka kwengxenye yesakhi yezakhi: Izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba obamba ukushisa, 1 ingxenye yofudu kanye nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi somfula esigeziwe. Kuyasiza ukwengeza umlotha wezinkuni (okungcono umlotha wokuqina) enhlabathini. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-potassium. Akudingekile ukumba isiqu ngokujulile ukuze intamo yezimpande ingaboli futhi izithombo zingafi. Njengoba izimpande zesitshalo zisongwe ngesixha sobumba, siyisifaka endishini enkulu, sengeza ububanzi bayo ngamasentimitha angama-2-3. Empeleni asiguquki ukwakheka komhlaba, simane nje sengeza ukugoba kophondo kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Kuthuthukisa izimbali nezithelo.

Inqubo yokubumba isiqu kanye namagatsha esihlahla sekofi ayingqayizivele. Okokuqala, amabala ansundu, ngokungagwegwesi, ngokubukeka okungathandeki, avela esiqwini esisha esiluhlaza lwesithombo. Uma amabala anjalo esakheka kwisitshalo se-citrus, cabanga ukuthi uyafa. Ekhofi, lezi zinsalela, lapho zihlangana ngokushesha, zikhanyise, kuvela amagxolo asesihlahleni esivamile esihlahleni sekofi.

Izitshalo ezisencane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu zidluliselwa kabusha ngonyaka, kanti nabantu abadala - ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3. Ubukhulu bezitsha zezihlahla ezindala bukhushulwa isikhathi ngasinye ngamasentimitha angama-6,6. Izitshalo ezinkulu zikhula ngokufanele ngamapulangwe (kusuka kumabhodi e-spruce) ngesimo se-in prosedated prism. Sishisa amabhodwe ngaphakathi nge-blowtorch ukuze izinkuni kuleli cala zingaboli isikhathi eside.

Umuthi wekhofi awunaso isikhathi sokuphumula esimisiwe, ukuze isitshalo sikhule, siqhakaze futhi sithele izithelo unyaka wonke, kufanele sondliwe njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10: 1.10 kuthi ku-20, sinikeze ama-5 g we-nitrogen, 7 g we-phosphorus, 1 g we-potassium no-7 g wezinto zokulandela ngomunye 1 litre wamanzi, ngokulandelana. Njengomanyolo we-nitrogen, sisebenzisa amaconsi enkukhu, afakwa emanzini futhi agcinwe aze abiliswe ngokuphelele. Lapho kungekho khona iphunga elishubile futhi ama-bubble wegesi awaveli (okusho ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo zibolile), isixazululo sikulungele ukusetshenziswa. Ifafaze kathathu ngamanzi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umquba wenkukhu ngumanyolo oqinile we-nitrogen-organic, futhi udinga ukuwusebenzisa ngokucophelela.

Njengokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-phosphate, sithatha isisombululo se-superphosphate. Thela ama-granules we-superphosphate emanzini axazululiwe bese uvusa, ufudumeza isixazululo (sokuchithwa okungcono) lokushisa kwe-50 °.

Isihlahla sekofi

Ukugqoka okuhle kwe-potassium kungatholakala kusuka ku-akhiphe umlotha. Kulokhu, i-ash ash (equkethe i-46% potassium) kufanele ixutshwe namanzi afudumele kancane. Ngemuva kokudilizwa nsuku zonke, isixazululo se-potassium sikulungele ukusetshenziswa.

Umuthi wekhofi, njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, udinga ezinye izinto (i-calcium, i-boron, i-manganese, i-iron, njll). Ngale njongo, kuhle ukuthatha umxube womanyolo wohlobo lweRiga B.Silungiselela ngendlela efanayo ne-superphosphate.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi njengoba umuthi wekhofi uvela ezindaweni ezishisayo, udinga imisebe yelanga unyaka wonke. Eqinisweni, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngisho nasekhaya emasimini ezungeze isihlahla esisodwa sekhofi, kutshalwa izitshalo ezine zomunye umhlaza zolunye uhlobo. Endaweni yethu, ikofi kufanele ligcinwe ngaphakathi emafasiteleni abheke eningizimu noma eningizimu mpumalanga. Noma ikuphi ukubhoboza kwelanga kubo ehlobo ngeke kuthinte kabi ukukhula kwesitshalo. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukukhanyisa okwanele ngezinsuku ezinamafu namnyama, ekwindla nasebusika. Ukwenza lokhu, siqokomisa izitshalo kusuka ngoNovemba 1 kuya ku-Mashi 1 ngesibani se-fluorescent.

Ebusika nasekwindla sigcina lesi sitshalo sinamazinga okushisa aphakeme ngokwanele (18- 22. Siyanisela ngalesi sikhathi njengoba inhlabathi iya oma. Unyaka wonke, ungasebenzisa amanzi ompompi ajwayelekile, ngaphambili owamiswa usuku).

Ehlobo, akukho ukushisa okwesabekayo esihlahleni sekofi.. Kodwa-ke, igumbi kufanele lingeniswe umoya kaningi nge faniki ejwayelekile yedeskithophu bese liphinda linisela lesi sitshalo.

Isihlahla sekofi

Umuthi wekhofi awudingi ukwakha umqhele. Ekuqaleni, isithombo sikhula kuphela. Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, uvusa ama-lateral axillary buds, kuthi amagatsha wamathambo aqale ukukhula. Ngokwakheka, umuthi wekhofi ufana ne-spruce: isiqu esiqonde mpo namagatsha aqonde kuso. Lapho kuvela amahlumela amaningi asohlangothini, ayalungiswa ukuze umqhele ube mkhulu futhi kuqhakaze amahlumela amaningi.

Abathandi abaningi bakhalaza - amaqabunga ajika abe nsundu. Lokhu kujwayelekile ukugcinwa kwangaphakathi nomswakama ophansi ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika. Kodwa-ke, lesi akusona isifo. Futhi uma ubeka lesi sitshalo epanini elingashonile elinamanzi, kuzokwakhiwa i-microclimate enhle.

Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, "i-antennae" eluhlaza ivela kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ngezikhathi ezithile zingahlanganiswa nokudubula okukhula. Isikhathi esincane sizodlula, futhi izeluleko zalezi zimpondo zizoba mhlophe. Lezi yi-buds. Akhiwa ama-sinuses kuwo wonke amaphakethe (kusuka ku-3-4 kuye ku-10-15).

Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, izihluma zivuleka. Impilo imbali yekofi imfushane: ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1 - 2, isivele isishabalale. Ukusuka ngezansi, i-peduncle iqala ukuqina bese iphenduka i-ovary yengane yesikhathi esizayo.

Ekamelweni, ngisho nasebusika, izimbali zivela njalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Engadini yasekhaya, ubhontshisi wekhofi uvuthwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye njengolamula nama-tangerine (Izinyanga ezi-6 kuye kwezingu-8). Ekuqaleni, izithelo ziluhlaza, zisondele entwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari) ziqala ukuthola i-whitish hue, bese ziphenduka zibomvu. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sisondela. Esihlahleni sethu seminyaka emithathu, izithelo ezingama-70-90 ziyavuthwa, lokho ngamabele ayi-140-180. Zingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-tonic eyaziwayo. Okusanhlamvu kubunjiwe kusuka ku-peel ukuhlanganisa kwabo bese kumiswe kuhhavini ekushiseni okungu-70-80 bese kuthi izinsuku eziyi-10 - ephepheni. Fry okusanhlamvu epanini, njengama-chestnuts noma imbewu ye-sunflower. Lapho zithosa, zithola umbala onsundu. Inqubo eqhubekayo yokwenza ikhofi iyaziwa. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokwenza ubhontshisi wayo wekhofi ngemuva kokugaya, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-caffeine kubhontshisi otholakele kukhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthengiwe. Abantu abanesimo senhliziyo akufanele baphuze ikhofi elinjalo.

Ngifuna ukusho ukuthi ukukhulisa isihlahla sekofi kuphela ngenxa yezithelo kungumsebenzi ongabonga. Kepha kubathandi bemvelo, umfokazi osendaweni esekude nethropiki uzokhipha imizuzu eminingi ethokozisayo futhi asize ukuqonda kangcono impilo yezitshalo.