Kwezinye izitshalo ezidla ezinye, amaqabunga aphenduka izixhobo zokuzingela zendlela enhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezitshalweni zomndeni wamaNepentes aqhamuka emahlathini emvula aseMadagascar, eSri Lanka, eNdiya nase-Australia, amaqabunga okugcotshwa ashintsha aba ngama-jugs akhanyayo aze afinyelela kuhafu wemitha ngosayizi. Imiphetho yejugs secrete iphunga elimnandi futhi ikhanga izinambuzane eziningi. Izicupho ezinjalo ziyingozi hhayi ezinambuzaneni kuphela, kodwa nasezinyoni ezincane.
Nepentes Raffleza. © BoivieI-Nepentes, noma i-Pitcher, isiLatini - isiNepenthes.
Lesi sitshalo singowomndeni waseNepenthaceae, okubandakanya lolu hlobo kuphela, olunezinhlobo ezingama-70 nenani elikhulu lama-nzalo, ikakhulukazi azalelwa eNgilandi.
Lesi sihlahla se-bushy, njengomthetho, siphila indlela yokuphila yama-epiphytic emahlathini afudumele nanomswakama weziqhingi zasolwandle iPacific nolwandle lwaseNdiya. Izimbila - izicupho ezine- “cap” - kungukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga amaqabunga. Izinambuzane zikhangwa umpe we-pitcher, futhi zingena ekunciphiseni okunamathelayo kwesitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho zigaywe kule jusi bese isitshalo sithola ukudla kwaso ngendlela efakwe uketshezi kuzo.
Ngokwesiko, amaNepentes, ngeshwa, angabelwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngoba ngasikhathi sinye kudingeka ukushisa nomswakama ophezulu. Akufanele uthenge isitshalo uma ungakwazi ukumhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele - i-greenhouse noma "iwindi elishisayo elivaliwe". AmaNepent abukeka ephumelela ekulengisweni kwezingoma noma obhasikidi bezinkuni, kusuka lapho ama-jugs angalengiswa ngokukhululeka.
I-hybrid yemvelo yeNepentes Burbidge. © NepGrowerIzici
Indawo
Ama-Nepentes akhula kahle ekukhanyisweni okukhanya okusakazekile, kusuka elangeni eliqondile kufanele afakwe indwangu nge-translucent (i-gauze, tulle) noma iphepha.
Lapho ukhule kumafasitela anomuntu osentshonalanga nasenyakatho, kukhanyisa izibani kufanele futhi kunikezwe. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kunconywa ukukhanyisa ngamalambu we-fluorescent amahora angama-16.
Ukushisa
AbakwaNepeses bathanda amazinga okushisa aphakathi. Izinhlobo ezikhula ezindaweni eziphansi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo zithanda amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-22-26 °, ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika izinga lokushisa elikhulu likububanzi be-18-20 ° С, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 ° С. Ukushisa okuphansi isikhathi eside kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Kwezinhlobo ezikhula ezintabeni, izinga lokushisa elilungile entwasahlobo nasehlobo ngu-18-20 ° C, ebusika ngo-12-15 ° C. Ukushisa okuphezulu, okuhlala isikhathi eside, ngoba izinhlobo ezikhula ezintabeni kungaholela ezifweni zesitshalo.
Isikhathi sokuphumula ezimweni zamakamelo siyaphoqwa (kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguFebhuwari) ngenxa yokukhanya okuphansi nomswakama.
Ukunisela
Ama-Nepent athanda amanzi, kepha adinga kakhulu umswakama womoya, kepha inhlabathi akufanele yomile, kepha akufanele ipakwe amanzi ngokweqile. Ngokunisela, kuyathandeka ukusebenzisa amanzi emvula noma axazululiwe at lokushisa kwamakamelo ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kosawoti wamaminerali, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukunisela okungaphansi. Ehlobo, wanisela kakhulu. Esikhathini ekwindla-ebusika wanisela kancane, usuku noma ezimbili ngemuva kongqimba oluphezulu lomile ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngokushisa kwe-16 ° C nangaphansi, uyiphuze ngokucophelela ngenani elincane lamanzi.
Umswakama womoya
AmaNepentes adinga umswakama ophakeme (70-90%) womswakama. Ekhaya, ikhula ngokuphumelelayo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezimanzi, kumakhazeni nakwezinye izindawo ezikhethekile ezinomswakama omningi womoya, ezimweni ezijwayelekile zekamelo azizwa ungakhululekile - izimbiza zoma ngokushesha emoyeni owomile. Ukuze ufafaze, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise amanzi emvula noma axazululiwe at okushisa kwamakamelo nokuqukethwe okuphansi kosawoti wamaminerali. Ukuze wandise umswakama ozungeze isitshalo, kubekwa imbiza phezu kwephallet enobumba noma nge-peat emanzi eyandisiwe. Amanzi amancane ahlanzekile, athambile, ahlelekile futhi angezwa eminduze yamanzi, ewagcwalisa 1/3.
Umanyolo
Ingafakwa ehlobo njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ngomanyolo ojwayelekile wezimbali, kuphela okuhlushwa okusetshenziswayo kuphindwe kathathu. Abalimi abaningana basebenzisa umanyolo we-organic (inkomo noma umquba wamahhashi) esikhundleni somanyolo wezimbali. Kukhona futhi umbono wokuthi ngokufakwa umquba njalo, iminduze yamanzi ayakhi. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungondla izitshalo ngokwemvelo ngokusebenzisa iminduze yamanzi kodwa hhayi kaningi kakhulu izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngenyanga futhi hhayi wonke ama-jugs adinga ukondliwa ngokushesha, kodwa ngokuguqukela ku-50% kuya ku-50%, futhi ungawashiya ngokuphelele umanyolo, omiyane abafile nezimpukane (ziphonse phakathi imbiza), abanye ngale njongo basebenzisa inyama, ushizi wekotishi.
Ukufakelwa
AmaNepes atshalwa kuphela uma kunesidingo entwasahlobo; uma kukhona amajagi ezinhlangeni, ibhodwe lilingana nosayizi wesitshalo futhi lizizwa lihle, asikho isidingo sokujaha ukufakelwa. Ama-Nepentes akhula kahle kubhasikidi wama-orchid, afakwa ezimbizeni zezimbali, angcono kunamabhodwe, okufanele okungenani abe ngu-14 cm ubukhulu. Isigcawu se-orchid nembiza (enkulu ngokwengeziwe) enezimbobo eziningana zokudonsa (noma ibhasikidi) kulungiselelwe ukuthutha amaNepentes ukuze amanzi ngokweqile akwazi ukuphuma kalula ngemuva kokunisela.
Ukwakheka kwesiqeshana sokufakelwa kungabuye kube okulandelayo: umhlaba wamashidi, u-Peat, isihlabathi (3: 2: 1) ngokufakwa kwe-sphagnum namalahle. Ukwakheka okulandelayo kungasetjenziswa njengendawo engezansi: 2 izingxenye ze-peat, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-perlite kanye nengxenye e-1 ye-vermiculite noma ye-polystyrene. Isitshalo asiphenduli kahle kwi-acidity ephezulu yenhlabathi. Ukuze izimpande zingonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, amaNepentes adluliselwa ebhodweni elisha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa i-coma yezimpande, engeza i-substrate entsha.
I-Nepentes yi-thyroid. © Flickr layisha botUkunakekelwa
I-Nepentes isitshalo esisetshenziswa izithombe eziningi. Ngokukhanya okunganele, ukukhula okujwayelekile kuyaphazamiseka. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Kuyadingeka njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi engaphansi komhlaba inomswakama.
I-substrate yamaNepentes ingahle ibe ne-moss, bark kanye ne-peat ethathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Phansi kwembiza lapho ukutshala faka ungqimba lwamanzi. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka, entwasahlobo.
Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokukhula kweNepentes lingama-22-25 ° C. AmaNepent angahle angadingi ukuvundiswa.
Ukuze uqinise i-branching, izinhlobo zethu ezindala zisikwa kakhulu entwasahlobo. Iziqu ezisikiwe zingasetshenziswa ukwandisa isitshalo.
Ama-nzalo amaningi asatshalaliswa ukusikwa kwe-apical noma isiqu, okungcono kakhulu kuma-sphagnum we-moss, esebenzisa izithuthukisi zokwakheka kwezimpande endlini eluhlaza okotshani okungenani emazingeni angama-25 kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Izimpande zakheka ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-2,5.
Nepentes Raja. © NepGrowerUkuzala
Ukucabanga ukuthi ama-nepenthes akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kudinga ukugcinwa kokukhula, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwakheka kwama-pitchers kuyema, ngokuvamile isitshalo siqala ukuthatha isikhala esiningi. Kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuphuma - ukusikeka. Ungavele nje usike futhi uphonse, kepha mina uqobo ngiyahawukela. Njengoba ngikhumbula, isikhathi esingakanani bengibheka amaNepentes ezitolo zethu nokuthi abiza malini, noma esesimweni esibuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngineNepentes enhle kakhulu, enama-jugs abomvu akhanyayo.
Izimbiza kufanele zigezwe kahle, mhlawumbe ngemikhiqizo esekwe chlorine. Ngemuva - qiniseka ukuthi uzithambise nge-distillate.
Ukwakheka kwe-substrate: i-peat - coconut fiber-moss sphagnum (5-3-2); ungangeza i-vermiculite ethe xaxa. Ingxube eseqediwe kufanele ihlanzwe ku-microwave imizuzu eyi-15 (eyayimanzi ngaphambili nge-distillate).
Izimbambo zingasikwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kepha kungcono entwasahlobo. Amakhala kufanele asikwe ngommese obukhali noma okungcono ngebanga (elihlanzekile).
Esibanjweni kufanele okungenani kube namaqabunga ama-3 okufanele asikwe ngaphezulu kwesigamu (phezulu kwesibambo kungashiywa iqabunga elincane). Izimbambo zemizuzu engama-30 zibekwe esitsheni esinezimpande.
Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi elungiselelwe ithululelwa emabhodweni, inyathelwe, bese kwenziwa umgodi wesibambo. Ngemuva kokutshala isiqu, engeza isendlalelo, ukuze Isiqu singabi ngaphansi kuka-0,5 cm emhlabathini, ekugcineni siyaphonsa inhlabathi bese siphalaza isigaqa esingezansi ngokuthamba. Lapho-ke lesi sitshalo sifafazwa kakhulu nge-foundationazole ukugwema ukubola. Izicucu ze-cuttings zingcono ukubulala amagciwane noma kufafazwe ngamalahle.
Izimbiza ezinokusikwa kufanele zigcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ekukhanyiseni okuhle futhi emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwe-23 ° C.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10- 10, inhlabathi nesitshalo kufanele kuthululwe futhi kufafazwe ngesisombululo se-Zircon ama-2-3 ehla ngo-200 ml. amanzi afakwe emanzini. Ukhula lwengozi luhlala inyanga nesigamu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, kuzovele kucace ukuthi ukusikwa sekuqalile noma cha. Uma kwenziwa mnyama-ke, ngeshwa, lokhu ukuphela. Izimbambo kufanele zinikeze ukukhula okusha, futhi emaqabungeni amaqabunga okuqala kuqala. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele uthinte futhi uhambise isiqu. Lokhu kuzolimaza izimpande. Kungcono ukuthutha kuphela emva konyaka, udlulisele ngokucophelela ebhodweni elikhudlwana.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi inhlabathi eNepentes akufanele yome kakhulu. Ezisheni, kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane, kepha ingamanzi. Ngisho nesitshalo esikhulayo sithola ukomisa kanzima ngokushesha ngokumisa ama-jugs. Kodwa akubukeki kokuhlobisa nhlobo.
AbakwaNepentes bakubekezelela kahle ukusika kahle. Esiqwini esisele, ukukhula okusha kwakha ngokushesha okukhulu (esithombeni esingezansi), esiqala ukuhlobisa isitshalo ngejugs entsha.
Izwekazi lidumbile. © MmparedesIzinhlobo
Amaphiko eNepenthes (amaNepenthes alata).
Ezasekhaya - Philippines. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-nepenthes kusiko.
I-Nepenthes Madagascar (Nepenthes madagascariensis Poir.). Kusatshalaliswa eMadagascar. Isitshalo esidala ukungasebenzi ngokuqina esingama-60-90 cm. Kushiya oblong-lanceolate. Amajegi makhulu, afinyelela ku-25 cm ubude, anamaphiko, raspberry. Ilahlekile kwizindlala ezinkulu. Kwenziwe ngotshani oluhlaza olufudumele nolunomswakama.
I-Nepenthes rafflesiana (Nepenthes rafflesiana).
Ezasekhaya - Kalimantan, Sumatra. Epiphytus. Amaqabunga angama-oval, i-lanceolate, aze afike ku-50 cm ubude aze afike ku-10 ububanzi. Ijubhu eyi-10-20 cm ubude, cm cm ububanzi, iluhlaza okhanyayo, enamabala abomvu nemivimbo, kwi-antenna ende, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi, enamabala abomvu. Kusakazwa kabanzi ku-greenhouse floriculture.
Ama-Nepenthes ancishisiwe (Nepenthes truncata).
Kuyisifo esiqhelile esiqhingini saseMindanao ePhilippines. Ikhula emithambekeni yezintaba evulekile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-230 kuye kwangama-600; inezinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme. I-N. truncata inezimbiza ezinkulu kakhulu ezingafinyelela ku-50 cm ubude.
Ama-Nepentes we-Double-spur (Nepenthes bicalcarata).
Ezasekhaya - iBorneo, ikhula ezixhaphozini endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Amaqabunga awo angaba ngu-60 cm ubude, futhi izimbiza zingama-5-13 cm ukuphakama.
AmaNepes ahlukaniswe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula ezintabeni nasezindaweni eziphansi. Izinhlobo ezikhula ezindaweni eziphansi zinemigodi emikhulu futhi enemibala egqamile kunezilwane ezikhula ezintabeni, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Izinhlobo ezikhula ezintabeni zithande amazinga okushisa aphansi (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-10 ° С), kanti izinhlobo ezikhula ezindaweni eziphansi azithandi ukwehla kune-15 ° С.
Izwekazi lidumbile. © Mmparedes
