Isihlahla sama-apula esizeni asiseyona into yokunethezeka. Ama-apula aphesheya muhle muhle, kepha aqambe amanga isikhathi eside, futhi awethembi izithelo ezithengiswayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, kubiza kancane. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi baqhubeka bekhetha okwabo, okwendabuko, hhayi okumnandi kangako futhi hhayi kukhulu kangako, kodwa okuwusizo kakhulu nge-apula loketshezi. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ukuthi ungasakaza kanjani izihlahla zama-apula ngokusika kwezimpande kanye nezingqinamba.
Isihlahla se-apula singasakazwa ngokusikwa kwezimpande nangokubekwa kwezwe.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuzala izihlahla zakho zama-apula?
Ngeshwa, akukho lutho emhlabeni oluhlala phakade. Isikhathi sesifikile sokuguga nemithi yama-apula, asebenze isikhathi eside. Futhi udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sazo ezintsha. Kepha ingabe kukufanele yini ukuthi ugijime ezindaweni zokugcina izingane futhi uthenge izinhlobo ezintsha ezifakiwe ezingazi ukuthi ziziphathe kanjani endaweni yethu? Akulula yini ukuthemba izinhlobo ezisithokozise iminyaka eminingi, sizivumele zikhule futhi esizeni? Yini edingekayo kulokhu? Ukuze senze lokhu, sidinga ukusabalalisa izihlahla zethu zakudala ze-apula, sithole izingane kuzo, sibuyise izinhlobo zakudala esizeni zijabulise abanini.
Uma izihlahla zakho zama-apula zokuzalela ngesizathu esithile sezingafanele ngokuphelele, futhi umakhelwane wakho ekhula izinhlobo ezinjalo, ezincane nezinempilo, kungani-ke ungamceli ukuba akusize ngokuzala lo muthi we-apula ngokutshala esizeni sakho?
Umuthi we-apula ungasatshalaliswa kanjani ngokusikwa kwezimpande?
Eqinisweni, kunezindlela eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi baye bahlukanise nesihlahla ngesigamu noma izingxenye ezintathu, noma ngisho izingxenye ezine, ngokuthena ingxenye yezimpande nohlelo lomhlabathi. Kepha kaningi bakwenza kube lula kakhulu - ukugoma noma ukuquma. Kepha namhlanje sizokhuluma ngezindlela ezithakazelisa kakhulu zokusakazwa kwesihlahla se-apula - mayelana nokusakazwa ngezinsika zezimpande kanye nokuhlelwa. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, inezinzuzo zayo nokungahambi kahle.
Ake siqale "ukukhulisa izingane" ngokusakazwa kwezihlahla zama-apula ngokusikwa kwezimpande. Into esemqoka lapha ukuthi lesi yisithombo kumele sikhule ngezimpande, okusho ukuthi, kufanele sitholakale kusuka ekunciphiseni izingcembe, noma kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu, okusho ukuthi ayinaso isiphunzi kwisisekelo sayo ebesikade sigonyelwe ukukopishwa kwehlobo (ukugoma ngezinsalo) noma ukuqunjelwa (ukugoma yizinso) .
Uma umuthi we-apula umuthi we-apula ungeyona impande, okungukuthi, lapho uhlanganiswa futhi uxhunyekwe kuwo (noma ngabe unjani), khona-ke ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza okunekhono, uzothola isitoko esihle, lapho, ngokuzayo, ukuthola okuhle, okumnandi, ama-apula amakhulu azodinga ukwenziwa noma ngabe ukuphindaphindwa kwentwasahlobo, noma ukuqunjelwa ehlobo, njengoba sesibhalekile.
Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indlela enhle yokuthola izithombo zama-apula ezigcwele kusuka kwezisusi zezimpande. Okokuqala, kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokutholwa kwaleziithombo. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungalindi isikhathi eside ukuthi amasu akho futhi izitshalo zakho zithwele izimpande, ngale ndlela yindlela efanelekile yokusebenzisa uhlelo lwakho.
Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi sikushilo nje lokhu, lapho kukhula isihlahla, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola isithombo esigcwele kuso ngokususa izimpande zezisusa zezizathu - baneminyaka, ukuvuselelwa, okuwukuthi ukukhula noma ukukhula kabusha, amathuba esihlahla nomuthi wezimpande njengokwehla ngokuphelele . Ngakho-ke, besikhuluma ngomakhelwane futhi sikhumbuza ukuthi ngubani ongathatha impahla yokwakha isithombo esigcwele kungaba ngumqondo ongcono kakhulu. Futhi, uma umuthi we-apula endaweni yakhe usifanele thina izinhlobo, hhayi ezindala nezimpande.
Kubalulekile! Amandla okuvuselela izihlahla ezindala zezitshalo zikaphayini (umuthi ofanayo we-apula) wehla ngokunamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, aze afike ekumeni okuphelele ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela ezimpande, kuyilapho izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe zingayeki ukwakhiwa kwezimpande zezimpande.
Ukuvunwa kwezimpande zezihlahla ze-apula
Ukuvuna izimpande zezithombo kusuka ezingxenyeni ezisikiwe zezihlahla zeapula, njengomthetho, kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza okusebenzayo, okungukuthi, kuze kube yilapho izimpande ziqala ukumunca umswakama ngezakhi ezincibilikisiwe kuwo ezivela emhlabathini.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usebenza nesihlahla somakhelwane, yize izihlahla zakho zibalulekile futhi, futhi kuwisihawu ukuzilimaza. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ukubambezele. Uma, ngasizathu simbe, ubungenaso isikhathi esanele sentwasahlobo sokufeza le nqubo, ngoba intwasahlobo idlulisa isikhathi futhi ibikezela okuncane, khona-ke ukusika kokuvuna izithombo zesihlahla apula esigcwele kungathathwa ngesikhathi sekwindla, kuphela ekwindla sekwedlule, lapho izihlahla zilahla wonke amaqabunga bese zicwila ku-hibernation yangempela, futhi le nqubo izovikelekile kubo.
Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, kukhethwa usuku olupholile nolungenamvula, kepha ngaphandle kwemvula nemvula (ngesibonelo, nesizulu) kanye nefosholo elisendaweni yezimpande yesihlahla sama-apula, ungqimba olunenhlabathi olususwa ngokucophelela kuze kube siyakhubeka ezimpandeni zokugcina, zivame ukuba mncane impela , ububanzi bawo bungangehluka kakhulu, ukusuka kumamilimitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili engxenyeni ephezulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke into ilula: selokhu sathola izimpande, sizigoqa futhi ngesipingi esibukhali nesihlanzekile sibahlukanisa ngokucophelela kusuka ohlelweni lwezimpande lwesihlahla se-apula. Lapha ayifanele imininingwane emincane, uma wehle waya ebhizinisini, khona-ke ukusika kufanele kwenziwe kuqedwe, ngobude bamasentimitha ayi-14 kuye kwayi-17, kungabi kuncane futhi kungabe kusaba khona.
Lapho ukusika kwesihlahla se-apula kusezandleni zethu, futhi uma ngaphandle kwewindi kungokwindla, kungenasentwasahlobo, sifuna ingxenye ephakeme kakhulu yesakhiwo kanye nabo ukuze bangakhukhulwa yi-corny, nokuthi bangaboli.
Kule ndawo, ngefosholo, ngokujula kwe-bayonet, udinga ukumba isiza esidayisiwe ngosayizi nenombolo yalezi zisiki, ubeka izindonga zefossa nge-sawdust eyomile, efana ncamashí nezansi (okungenani isentimitha) futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ubeka ubuthi obuvela kumagundane. Okulandelayo - faka izinyanda zokusika (uma lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zamaapula, bese ubabopha nge-twine eqinile bese uzisayina ngamalebula, uma kungenjalo zixube), uzimboze ngethala kusuka kuma-rodes, ufafaze nge-sawdust kusuka ngenhla, uphinde usakaze ubuthi obuvela ezinkulwini bese ekugcineni ufafaza nge-humus noma umhlabathi owomile ambalwa. amasentimitha bese umaka le ndawo ngenduku enogwayi obomvu ekugcineni, ukuze entwasahlobo bangafuni ukubekwa kwabo.
Ngale ndlela, ama-apula we-apula, njengomthetho, ubusika buhle kakhulu. Kepha uma ungqimba lweqhwa lakho lincane, khona-ke inani le-sawdust kufanele lenyuswe, ungaligcini ngokweqile ngomswakama walo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusikeka kungaqala ukubola.
Lapho lo muthi usukhula, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola isithombo esigcwele kuwo ngokususa umsuka wezimpande.
Sebenza ngezimpande zemithi yama-apula entwasahlobo
Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ngokuphelele ngayo yonke inqubo yasekwindla uma sikwenza konke lokhu entwasahlobo. Ake sithi nje: lezozimbambo zomuthi wama-apula ezangcwatshwa zisuswa emhlabathini zihlolwe ukuze zibunjwe (ukulunywa, ukubola, njll.). Abanye abalimi abanakekela ikakhulu abasuswe kwisitoreji sasebusika basula izithombo ngo-4-5% utshwala. Akunqatshelwe - kungenzeka futhi i-2% potanganum permanganate, i-ammonia, vele uzame ukudlula izinso.
Futhi ukusika kwezihlahla zama-apula ezithwele izimpande ezikhishwe kusihlahla sobusika kanye nalezo ezisanda kuhlukaniswa izitshalo zomama, ukuze kugwenywe ukweqisa, kungcono ukuzibeka endaweni eshisayo ngenkathi silungiselela inhlabathi.
Silungisa inhlabathi ngale ndlela elandelayo: simba ifosholo nge-bayonet ephelele enomquba ojikeleziwe ongu-4-5, i-500 g yokhuni lomlotha kanye nesipuni se-superphosphate. Okulandelayo, shaya inhlabathi (njengombhede wezimpaphe zikagogo) bese utshala izingqimba ngezintambo “zingene esikhaleni”.
Igebe lilungiswa kanjena (kuvame ukuthi kube lula ukutshala lezi zinto zombili ndawonye esikhaleni), ngoba lena iya phambi kanti enye ingemuva, lena engaphambili inamathelisa ibala lokwela bese igobela inhlabathi, amafomu wegebe, nalowo ohamba ngemuva ufaka isiqu sezimpande kulolu igebe umuthi wama-apula futhi uwunikeza ngezinyawo zawo ukuze ume.
Awudingi ukufaka ifosholo lokwela ngokujulile, idinga ukujula okukhulu lapho utshala amasheya, futhi lapha udinga ukuzama ukunamathisela ifosholo ekhoneni elingama-degrees ayi-14-16, ukuze isiqu se-apula sinamathele ngaphandle kwegebe ngenxa yokungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwenhlabathi. , kepha ayinakubekelwa eceleni futhi ukulala kakhulu.
Ukuze kube lula ukucubungula okwalandelayo kwemigqa, noma ngabe unawo, yisho, amabili kuphela, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nebanga phakathi kokusikwa okulingana nobude nepensela elilula (lalabo abakhohliwe - 13-16 cm), futhi ungashiya imitha phakathi kwemigqa, noma, kimi, amasentimitha angama-80 akwanele. Lapho-ke akukho ongakwenza ngeviki lokuqala, ungagcwali inhlabathi ngokweqile, noma uwunisele, unikeze ukusika kwesihlahla se-apula "basangulukeze" endaweni entsha.
Kuyiqiniso, uma, vele, kungekho imvula ngokuphelele, khona-ke emva kwesonto ingadi inganiselwa ngokufafaza, izama konke okusemandleni ukususa izimpande zesihlahla se-apula, yenze uthuli lwangempela emafutheni amanzi. Ngendlela, i-potassium sulfate ingafakwa emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi isheshisa ukukhula.
Imvamisa amahlumela okuqala aqhakaza kanye nenjabulo yokuthi ukuhlolwa kube yimpumelelo kungafiki maduze, kufanele ulinde ukuhluma izinsuku ezingama-30- 35. Kepha kuyasiza. Ngokuyikho konke ukusikwa kwezimpande zesihlahla se-apula kuyavela kunikeze impilo futhi kunikeze amahlumela amabili, kwesinye isikhathi amahlumela amathathu. Lezi amahlumela, njengomthetho, zintekenteke kakhulu, ngakho-ke, inethi yomthi olwa nesichotho nokukhanya ibekwe phezu kokutshala, kufanele futhi uvimbele inhlabathi ukuthi isome ngokuchelela okuvamile, mhlawumbe ngesibhamu sokufafaza, ukuze ungabhubhisi inhlabathi.
Ngemuva kokunisela, inketho enhle yi-mulching, yokusebenzisa le humus (ngamasentimitha) noma ngomlotha wokhuni - umthombo wezinto ze-potassium nezokulandela (0.5 cm thick). Imvamisa kuthatha ihlobo elilodwa kuphela, kanti uma izihlahla bezithela izimpande, khona-ke kuzo ngeke zikhule amasheya adinga ukuxhunyelelwa noma ukuqhakaza, kepha izithombo zesihlahla samaapula esigcwele, zilungele ukutshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukufakwa uphawu kungenye yezigaba zokusakazwa kwe-apula ngezingqimba zomoya.
Ukusakazwa kwesihlahla se-Apple ngokulambisa
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula ezichazwe ngenhla, kunenye ehehayo kakhulu - ukusakazwa ngokuhlelwa, futhi sizokunikeza izindlela ezimbili - ezilula nezithuthukisiwe.
Njengoba wazi, ukubeka izingqimba kusebenza kangcono uma ukumba. Kepha ungawunquma kanjani amahlumela esihlahla se-apula uma ephezulu? Kunokukhethwa okuningana: kungaba umuthi oshubile uyadingeka, amahlumela awo athinta umhlabathi, kepha lokhu kuyathandeka kuwe, noma ukudicilela phansi kwenziwa, bese umuthi ugxunyekwe ukuze ingxenye yawo amahlumela ibe semhlabathini. Ngokwemvelo, uhlangothi oluhlelekile lokwehlisa isithunzi kufanele lufafazwe ngenhlabathi, futhi nezimpande eziye zagwilika ebusweni akufanele zivezwe.
Lapho konke sekumi ngomumo, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo onke amahlumela esihlahla se-apula, atholakala kalula ebusweni bomhlaba, abekwa endaweni yawo ngamabakaki ngokhuni, ngokungcono kuwo wonke ubude, ukuze bonke ubude behlumela buvele phansi emhlabathini futhi bungavuki.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, inqobo nje uma kukhona umswakama owanele enhlabathini (okungukuthi, ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha kuphela ukuthambisa kancane umhlabathi) kusuka kumahlumela, amahlumela abheke phezulu kufanele avele ekuhlolweni kwesihlahla se-apula, aboshwe phansi, adinga ukufuthelwa kabili ngesizini. Isikhathi sokuqala - ngoJuni, ku-50% wokuphakama, okwesibili - ngoJulayi, ngo-60% wokuphakama. Ungakhohlwa ngobuningi bomswakama, inhlabathi akufanele yomile, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlumela ngeke akhule.
Ukuwa okulandelayo, isiqu sivame ukuhlukaniswa ama-secateurs bese sigaywa ngokucophelela amafolokogi, amahlumela asedlula esihlahleni sama-apula ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezithile futhi atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile futhi enempilo ukuze ikhule kwenye inkathi.
Kubalulekile! Lapho omncane umuthi we-apula, kulapho kunikezwa khona, njengomthetho, ukuhlelwa kwekhwalithi eyengeziwe kanye okuphambene nalokho.
Izakhiwo zomoya zokusakazwa kwezihlahla ze-apula.
Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokusakazwa kwe-apula ngokugoqa
Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-apula ngokwenza izingqimba, ngombono wethu, bulula futhi busebenza kangcono. Lezi yizindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi yizakhiwo zasemoyeni ezaziwa ngendilinga emincane yabalimi, enikeza nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Umongo wale ndlela ususelwa kuphela ekhonweni lesihlahla sama-apula ukwakha uhlelo lwezimpande futhi kwesinye isikhathi olunamandla kakhulu kusuka ezicutshini ezivamile ze-cambial, ngokwemvelo, uma leli izicubu ezifanayo ze-cambial lilimele.
Isigaba sokuqala - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza, sibheka kahle isihlahla sama-apula, esifuna ukusabalalisa ngale ndlela, bese ukhetha amagatsha amabili noma amathathu anokukhula okuphezulu kakhulu konyaka.
Isigaba Sesibili: endaweni lapho sidinga khona izimpande zesihlahla sama-apula ukwakha (ngokuvamile amasentimitha ayishumi ukusuka phezulu), sidinga ukusika ngokucophelela indandatho yegxolo ngamasentimitha amathathu ububanzi ngommese obukhali wengadi. Uma i-banding akuyona into oyithandayo, ungamane nje ungalingisi kakhulu (ngamamilimitha) izincwajana eziqondayo kuwo wonke umsakazo wehlumela. Kuyini? Ngokungafani nokukhala, asikuvimbeli ukuhamba kwezakhi zomzimba ezingxenyeni ezinezimpande zentuthuko.
Isigaba Sesithathu: ukuze izimpande zesihlahla sama-apula ziqale ukukhula, udinga ukwelapha indawo elimele nganoma yisiphi isisusa sokukhula (silwenzile uhlu lwaso kaningi, futhi i-naphthyloacetic acid ingabizwa ngokuthi entsha).
Isigaba Sesine: Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi indawo ehlanganayo noma lapho sasisika khona yayilinganiselwe, kodwa imanzi ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke (kungakuhle) ukuthi ingafakwa ngembobo nge-sphagnum noma ngendwangu egcina umswakama isikhathi eside, futhi inyanise lezi zindawo ebhodleleni lokufafaza, lizifihle endaweni eyodwa kusukela emisebeni yelanga. Indlela elula kunazo zonke, yiqiniso, ukugoqa le ndawo ngemuva kokuyisula, ukuyisonga ngesisongelo sepulasitiki bese uyilungisa kusuka emaphethelweni amabili ukuze ingandiza.
Okokugcina isigaba sesihlanu, kuvame ukwenzeka ekwindla: uvula igatsha lesihlahla sama-apula ngokucophelela bese ubona izimpande kuso, udinga nje ukubeka leli gatsha emhlabathini bese ufafaza ngomhlaba kuze kube sentwasahlobo, bese usitshala endaweni yentwasahlobo ukuze ikhule, ngakho-ke lesi yisithombo sikulungele.
Ungenza okuhlukile ngokuhlukile - njengesitsha lapho izimpande zizakheka khona, ungasebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki ajwayelekile anomthamo wamalitha angama-0,3 noma angu-0,5. Ukuqala, udinga ukunquma impumulo kanye nengaphansi kwebhodlela, bese uyinquma isikhathi eside, futhi ngaphezulu kwendawo yokudubula esilungiselele ngokufanele, ilenga ibhodlela lethu lokusika eligcwele ingxube yezingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi enamaqabunga kanye ne-vermiculite, isinisele bese siyilungisa ngethiphu.
Okuhle ngale ndlela ukuthi uma isetshenziswa, izimpande zilimala kancane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, futhi engxenyeni esikiwe yebhodlela zikhula kangcono kakhulu kunokuphansi nje kwendwangu noma indwangu emanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengokuhlala njalo.
Silangazelela ukuphawula kanye nokugxeka kwakho emazwaneni. Sizokujabulela konke, sinithanda nonke!
