Emasimini we-Middle Kingdom, i-loosestrife noma i-Chinese plum yayilinywa ngekhulu le-13. Isikhathi eside, isiko lifakazele ukungazinikeli kwalo, ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu nobusika nokukhiqiza. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zombuso, izinhlobo ezingama-Chinese ezifuywayo zazivumelanisa nezimo zezifunda zezintaba ezisenyakatho namaphethelo aseningizimu.
Ezifundazweni ezifudumele, izihlahla zikhula zize zifinyelele kumamitha ayi-8-12, futhi izithelo zeplamu yaseChina zingafinyelela kumagremu angama-80-100. Enyakatho, eManchuria, kwakhiwa umphakathi wakubo wezinhlobonhlobo. I-Ussuri iplamu ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yenezithelo ezinkulu, kepha ayimude kangako futhi ibekezelela ubusika busika ngaphandle kokulahleka.
Ngenxa yekhono isiko lokuhlangana nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo lakhanga ukunakekela kwabafuyi. Namuhla, nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezisuselwa ezinhlolweni zaseMelika nezaseYurophu, i-cherry iplamu nezinye izithelo zamatshe zitholakele.
Uma ubheka ukuthi i-plum iqhakaza kanjani, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaboni ukuhlotshiswa kwayo. Njengoba ukuqhakaza okukhulu kakhulu kuqoqwe ngama-inflorescence amancane, entwasahlobo izihlahla zibonakala zimhlophe ngokuphelele noma zipinki. Amaplamu wokuvula ahlala njengamagatsha aqine nje, okuncike ezinhlobonhlobo, angaba ophuzi, abomvu noma abe nsomi.
Ubuhle bePlum Manchurian
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka eledlule, izithombo zalolu hlobo zalethwa eSoviet Far East. Izihlahla ezisuka eManchuria, ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zamapulami aseChinese nase-Ussuri, azisungule kahle. Babonisa ukuqina okuqinile kobusika, ukubekezelela okuhle kwesomiso nokunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo.
Kusukela ngo-1947, iplamu yanconywa Futhi namuhla izihlahla ezincane zeplamu Manchurian ubuhle zisezivandeni ezweni lonke, kubandakanya nengxenye yalo yaseYurophu.
Izitshalo ezinesiqu esincane nesixhaxha, ezidinga ukuthenwa njalo komqhele, ziqala ukuthela izithelo kakade ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhamuke amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza emagatsheni, kuvela izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe emagatsheni esimbali.
Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo zalolu hlobo lwamapulangwe aseShayina zinesimo esiyindilinga, ngaphandle komthungo obonakalayo, futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-15. I-Amber peel ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa imbozwe ngombala omfushane obomvu kanye nomhlanga ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zilinganiswe njengendawo yonke, eqinisekisa ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu kanye nephunga elikhanyayo le-pulp ephuzi eluhlaza ephuzi.
Lapho kukhula amaplamu amaningi, ubuhle beManchurian kufanele bunake ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ziyazithela, futhi ukuze isivuno esihle sihle sidinga izihlahla zempova.
Entwasahlobo, kunobungozi bokugcotshwa kwentwasahlobo esiqwini. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi lezi zihlahla ezincane zingaholi futhi zingangena ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukutshala iplamu entwasahlobo.
I-Plum Alyonushka
Lokhu kuhlukahluka ngezithelo ezibomvu, okuhloselwe i-Central Black Earth Region kanye nezinye izifunda eziseningizimu, kutholakala ngokuwela iRum Ball Red nowesifazane waseChina.
Izihlahla ezifika kumamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama ziphansi kakhulu kunokhokho bazo abavela eChina, kepha hhayi njengendandatho njengezihlobo zabo ze-Ussuri. Ukudalulwa okumhlophe, okuqoqwe kathathu kuma-inflorescence angaphambi kokuvela kwamahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo futhi kuwela ngomhla wokuqala kaMeyi. Ama-obovate asukile, ahamba ngebushelelezi, ngaphandle kwe-gloss ngaphandle kwesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwesibeletho.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Plum u-Alyonushka uqashelwa njenge-canteen. Izithelo ezizungezwe ngesikhumba esibomvu esimnyama zifinyelela kumagremu angama-35 futhi zilungele ukuqoqwa maphakathi no-Agasti. I-pulp ye-orange inokuthungwa okuphakathi nendawo, okuqukethe ujusi ophezulu nephunga elikhanyayo. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kumnandi. Uma ihlobo lifudumele futhi linelanga, futhi ukunakekelwa kweplamu kunikeza isihlahla ngakho konke okudingekayo, ukuqina kwesithelo kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, inyama ebangeni lokuqala ayitholi ushukela owanele futhi ibonakala imanzi.
Njengazo ezinye izinhlobo, iplamu yaseChinese iqala ukuthela izithelo kuqala. Amaqanda okuqala esihlahleni akhiwa ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, kodwa ngaphandle kwama-pollinators ukuqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye, awukwazi ukulinda isivuno.
Ukuzinyanzela akuyona ukuphela kwesidina. I-Alyonushka evela kuwo wonke ama-plums walokhu okubhalwe phansi ithinteka kaningi futhi kakhulu kakhulu kunama-aphid.
I-Plum Skoroplodnaya
Izinhlobonhlobo zangaphambi kwedessert zingumphumela wokuwela ama-Klimaks plums wemvelaphi yaseMelika kanye nossuri obomvu bokukhethwa kwasekhaya. Umuthi we-plum wabantu abadala iSkopoplodnaya unobude obuphakathi nomqhele ongathambekele ebusheni obukhulu. Entwasahlobo, ngesonto lesibili likaMeyi, ukuqhakaza kuyaqala. Amafomu ama-ovaries emagatsheni edili. Kanye nazo zivele zindilinga, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga, aluhlaza.
Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Agasti, oyindilinga, isikhumba esiphuzi nezithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ziyavuthwa. Uma ama-plums aminyene anesisindo esingama-25-30 amagremu awela elangeni, umbala obomvu onsundu ngombala wawo uba mkhulu. Inyama engaphansi kwesikhumba esincanyana iphuzi ngombala no-medium-dense, onamafutha. Izinhlobonhlobo zeplamu yaseChina zinesethi esoshukela nephunga elikhanyayo lezithelo.
Amaplamu amnandi awagcinwanga kahle futhi ahanjiswa, kepha ahamba kahle ngendlela entsha. Ngeshwa, lokhu okuhlukahlukene akudingi kuphela impova yokunqamula, kepha futhi ngokungathandeki kuthokozela izitshalo. Kepha vele ngonyaka wesithathu, izithombo ziqala ukuthela izithelo futhi zingagcini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
IPlum Skoroplodnaya ibekezelela kahle isizini ebusika maphakathi, ayesabi isomiso futhi ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, kanye ne-hybrid cherry plum, iyona pollinator ehamba phambili.
I-Plum Testament
Ubuhle bePlum Manchurian
- Izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalela. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, izinhlobo eziningi zazitholwa ukuze zilinywe eRussia. Ngo-2004, i-plum yeTestamente yafakwa ku-Rejista Yezwe, enomsuka ofanayo futhi yanconywa ezifundeni zesifunda iVolga-Vyatka.
Izihlahla ezingafinyelela kumamitha amane ukuphakama kokuqala eneminyaka yobudala emine, bese minyaka yonke zikhiqiza isivuno esiningi seminyaka engama-30. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza lokhu, izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga kufanele zifakwe ekunakekelweni kwezinhlobo ze-plum kanye ne-pollinator izinhlobo ezitshalwe eduzane. Isiko liyamelana nezifo, kepha lidinga ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni.
Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali sekwephuzile, okuqala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMeyi, kwenzeka hhayi kuphela ezimbalini, kodwa nakumahlumela wokukhula. Kanye nama-ovary, kushiya amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza abonakala nge-Chinese plum. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo eziphuziwe eziyindilinga ezinama-gramu angama-30 kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ilanga eliwela kuma-plums lipenda isikhumba ngamathoni apinki kanye ne-carmine, abonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kophahla lwe-waxy. I-pulp ye-dyes eminyene inombala ophuzi futhi, ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ithola ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu okumnandi.
Amaplamu amnandi ITestamente lingagcinwa futhi lihanjiswe, lidliwe okusha futhi lisetshenziselwe ukwenza amalungiselelo okuzenzela noma i-confectionery.
I-Plum Sissy
Ukuqokwa kwetafula okunhlobonhlobo, okujabulisa izithelo ezibomvu ze-namanzi, kwatholakala ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobonhlobo zamaShayina ne-skoroplodnaya iplamu.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-plums amaShayina, uSissy ungena esikhathini sokuzala kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu kanti ngasikhathi sinye uzithele ngokwengxenye.
Ama-buds amhlophe, aqoqwe ngo-inflorescence wezingcezu ezi-5, asakazeke kakhulu ngamagatsha edili. Izimbali zenzeka maphakathi noMeyi, futhi ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ngesonto lesithathu ku-Agasti. Amaplamu acishe abe yindilinga akwaSissy ambozwe ngesikhumba esibomvu esincane, lapho kufihlwe khona inyama ecwebezelayo enombala ophuzi. Ngisho nezithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele aziqhekeki, ezenza kube lula ukuhamba kwazo futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yesitshalo. Isisindo esingama-25-50 amagremu we-plum asha amahle futhi enza ama-compotes kanye nokugcinwa.
Inzuzo yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwe-plum yamaShayina ubunzima bokubanda okuphezulu kwamahlumela. Uma isithwathwa sithinta umuthi, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwezimbali nokukhula kuhlupheka.
Iplanethi ehlukahlukene ebomvu Isitsha
Wonke umgadi wegadi ufuna izithelo ezikule plum zingagcini nje ukunambitha, kodwa futhi zibe zinhle, zikhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Plum Isitsha esibomvu yilokho okudingayo.
Izihlahla ezingamamitha ayi-2-3 ukuphakama zingena ngesikhathi sezithelo ekuqaleni kwesikhashana. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza futhi zakhe amaqanda okuqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu, bese unyaka nonyaka zinikeza i-cottager ehlobo ngesivuno esihle sezithelo eziyindilinga ezibomvu ezisukela ku-30 kuye ku-40 amagremu. Amapulamu akhangayo anesikhumba esimboziwe nge-wax coating nephuzi, i-pulp emangalisayo ye-juicy ene-setting etafuleni, ingahanjiswa futhi ingagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, okuhambisana nalokhu, kufanelekile ukugqamisa iplamu yeGolide Ball, ehlukile kumuntu obomvu onezithelo ngokubekeka phezulu kwezihlahla ezisakazayo nombala okhanyayo we-amber wezithelo eziyindilinga. Isisindo sama-plums sibuye sifinyelele kumagremu angama-40, noma kunjalo, ngezithelo ezinkulu, ingxenye ye-ovary ingabhoboka, futhi izithelo ezisele zinhle. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa maphakathi no-Agasti. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo kukhona ingozi enkulu yokuqandeka kwamahlumela amancane namahlumela.
