Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ingadi ezinambuzaneni nasezifo, izenzo ezisebenzayo kakhulu kufanele kuhloswe ngazo ukulwa: amabhu, ama-apula ama-apula, abelungu beklabishi, amabhungane amabhungane, izinkuni zezithelo, umkhuhlane we-powdery, amabala amakhowe nokugqwala. Ukuvikelwa kwengadi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile, hhayi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalokhu udinga ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifinyeleleka kahle, ezifakazelwe kahle.
Ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla ezingama-apula engadini kusuka enundu wokufaka amakhodi
Ukuvikela ingadi ezinambuzaneni ngokuyinhloko kubandakanya ukulwa nokulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu - inundu elifaka amakhokho. Ngemuva kokuvunwa, amabhande okuzingela ayasuswa futhi ashiswe; izimbuzane zezithelo ezibomvu zivame ukuqoqwa lapho ukuze kuthathwe ubusika, ngaphandle kwamabhu.
Kodwa amaqabunga awile berry nezitshalo zezithelo akufanele akhelwe, ashiswe, futhi aze akhishwe kancane engadini. Uma basinda ekuweni kweqabunga lemvelo, bese bephilile (abathinteke ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ababoniswa ehlobo).
Shiya kanye nomquba amaqabunga entwasahlobo. Uma ubusika bungenayo iqhwa, isembozo seshidi sizovikela umhlaba ekuqandeni kakhulu.
Ukuvikela ngokumelene nenundu, udinga ukusika nokushisa izimpande zezihlahla, ama-aphid amaningi akhula kuwo namaqanda ama-aphid aluhlaza avamile ebusika.
I-Red Ginger Apple Aphid futhi kuzoba ngaphansi uma ekwindla iziqu namagatsha asemathanjeni kuhlanza amagxolo afile bese eshiswa.
Ukuvikela izihlahla ze-apula enkulumeni esephepheni eduze nasekwindla, ungaqala iziqu zemithi emhlophe. Lesi silinganiso sizosiza nokubavikela ebusika kusuka ekushisweni yilanga naseqandeni.
Ukuvikela ingadi ezinambuzaneni: ukulawula iklabishi elimhlophe
Ekwindla, amakhanda seklabishi sekhona athululelwa emibhedeni. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isitha sayo esikhulu yi-whitewash. Ungayivikela kanjani ingadi kulezi zinambuzane futhi uvikele isivuno?
Iklabishi elimhlophe, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi iklabishi, - uvemvane oludumile olwaziwa ezindizayo emasimini ethu engadini. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaphiko akhe lumhlophe qhwa, linamakhona amnyama emaphethelweni, kanti lowesikazi unamabala amabili amnyama.
Ukugijimisa umunwe ngophiko lwevemvane, kulula ukusula “impova”, inamathela emunweni, kuthi phezulu kwephiko, kube khona umkhondo kule ndawo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuyizikali ezincane ezinkulukazi ezakha umbala, ngakho-ke izimvemvane ezincane ziyaqaqamba futhi ziba buthuntu ezindala, ngoba lapho zihlangana nanoma yini, izikali ziyacishwa.
IBelyanka yisinambuzane esifudumele futhi esithanda ilanga, sicashe phakathi kwezitshalo esimweni sezulu esinamafu noma emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu uvemvane losuku, isikhathi salo sendiza sisuka emahoreni ayi-7 kuye kwayi-18. Ukudla kwabamhlophe, njengamavemvane amaningi, umpe omnandi, awuqoqayo ngokundiza nokuhlala ezimbali.
Entwasahlobo, lapho kungekho khona izithombo zamaklabishi ezingadini nasezivandeni zasengadini, kubeka amaqanda kukhula olubethelekayo: I-colza, isithombo sasendle, njll. Futhi lapho kuvela isizukulwane sasehlobo, i-whitetail ithanda ukholifulawa kanye neklabishi elimhlophe.
Ehlobo, abamhlophe beklabishi bavame ukubeka amaqanda abo emaqabungeni angaphandle ekhanda leklabishi, futhi kulula kakhulu ukubabona lapha: bheka nje ngaphansi kweshidi.
Kule enye yezindlela zokulwa nesibulala zinambuzane kusekwe: lapho kuqala izimvemvane, iklabishi iyahlolwa futhi ibhujiswe yizo zonke izinduku zamaqanda eziqashelwe, ziyichoboze khona lapho esiqeshini.
Ngemuva kwesonto nesigamu, amacimbi aqhamuka emaqandeni. Ukudla kokuqala igobolondo leqanda, bese-ke baqala ukukola inyama yeqabunga, bese kuthi kamuva badle izimbobo. Lapho amacimbi akhula, ayahluma futhi aqale ukudla zonke izingxenye zeqabunga, ngaphandle kwemithambo eminyene.
Umbala awufihli amacimbi amhlophe qwa enqabungeni, kunalokho - abonakala ngokucacile. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni cishe azizibambi, ngoba azidli. Umbala wezinambuzane kuleli cala uyisixwayiso. Futhi njengazo zonke izinambuzane ezinombala wokuxwayisa, amacimbi amhlophe we-whitewash akafihli, kepha hlala eqabwini kuphela.
Amakhethini abangela ukulimala okukhulu ngisho nenombolo encane: indle yazo eluhlaza iwela phakathi kwamaqabunga ekhanda futhi ibangele ukubola. Ehlobo, izizukulwane eziningana zenkathazo ziyakhula. Ngaphezu kweklabishi, amacimbi amhlophe amhlophe alimaza i-rutabaga, itheniphu, isithombo, isithombo kanye nezinye iziphambano.
Ukulawula inkathazo yomkhomo weklabishi ngokufafaza, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezilandelayo: U-Ali-ot, Fufanon-Nova, Iskra-M, Karbofos, Actellik.
Ukuvikelwa kwezihlahla kubhungane bhungane ngezindlela ezisebenzayo
Ukuzijwayeza isikhathi eside kukhombisile ukuthi izinambuzane zesifo zingenye yezimbangela ezivamile zokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezihlahla ezivandeni zase-amateur: amabhungane amabhungane, ukhuni nezinhlwathi.
I-Apple bark beetle (isigaxa sezithelo)kutholakala yonke indawo ezihlahleni zezihlahla zezinhlobo zezithelo ezahlukahlukene, kepha, ngokungafani nokhuni olugundekile, kuvame ukulimaza isihlahla sama-apula. Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela kulokhu kudla kwezinambuzane, ungalahlekelwa hhayi kuphela izithombo ezincane, kodwa futhi nezihlahla zabantu abadala.
Amabhungane alezi zinhlobo akhulu ngosayizi kunamabhungane ensiba esenziwe ngemichilo (3-4,5 mm), afana ngawo ngesimo.
Amaqanda, izibungu kanye ne-pupae kuyafana nasezinhlotsheni ezedlule, kepha kukhulu. Ukhula lwezithelo lukhula esizukulwaneni esisodwa. Ubusika esigabeni se-lazval ngaphansi kwegxolo. Entwasahlobo, baqedela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nephaphu. Izinyoni zindiza ngoMeyi. Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zenza izimbobo ezincane eziyindilinga e-cortex, ezifana nezimbobo zokudubula isibhamu esincane. Ekuqaleni kwesifundo, gnaw igumbi elincane. Kule khamera, owesilisa ngamunye wenza indlela yakhe yesibeletho.
Imvamisa, amabhungane angamagxolo ahlala emagatsheni nasezihlahleni ngazinye, imvamisa ngamagxolo ehlutshiwe, nangamagatsha omiswe nezihlahla, futhi anempilo kuphela ezindaweni zokuqhekeka noma ukunqunywa kwamagatsha okungafanele futhi okungalungile. Ukulimala okubangelwa izihlahla zezithelo ngabo kuholela ekunciphiseni kwezitshalo nasekuvulekeni kwamagciwane wezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane.
Izihlahla eziqinile ezinempilo ngesiphuzo sazo zigcwalisa ngokushesha izimbobo zomoya kanye nokudlula okudala kwezifo, okubangela ukufa kwazo. Izihlahla ezibuthakathaka ezilimele ngenxa yokoma.
Izindlela ezinkulu zokuvikela izingadi kulezi zinambuzane ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuthibela.
Ukuze uvikele izinambuzane zingangeni izihlahla zezithelo, kubalulekile ukunakekela izihlahla ngokucophelela, okokuqala, khetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala. Ukuze uvikeleke kubhungane bamagxolo, izihlahla akufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kumele sibhekane nezinye izinambuzane nezifo ezenza buthaka izihlahla ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Lapho uvikela izihlahla kusuka kubhungane bamagxolo, isethi yezinyathelo kufanele ithathwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula okungcono kwezitshalo nentuthuko.
Amagxolo agqagqile angumphumela womsebenzi wezinyoni, ikakhulukazi izinkuni, ezikhetha izibungu kusuka kumagxolo alo owonakalile ukuze zikondle.
Uma amabhungane eqhuma esihlahleni, khona-ke ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo lamabhungane, amagatsha awonakele asikiwe futhi ashiswe. Ukuze uvikele kuleli bhungane, izihlahla ezifayo zigawulwa ngaphandle kokushiya amahlazo, bese zishisa ngokushesha. Awukwazi ukuvuna amagatsha nezihlahla ukhuni, ngoba amabhungane amagxolo andiza aqhamuke kuwo bese ehla izihlahla ezintsha.
Amakhemikhali aphumelelayo wokuvikela ngokumelene namagxolo amabhungane yi-Iskra Double Effect, Iskra-M, Fufanon, Inta-VIR, Shar Pei, Alatar neBiotlin. Ukuvikela ingadi nengadi kwizinambuzane, izixazululo zalezi zidakamizwa ziyafafazwa ngezihlahla zezithelo ngesikhathi sokuvela kwamabhungane kusuka ngaphansi kwegxolo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuncibilikisa kakhulu iziqu namagatsha. Ezivandeni lapho amabhungane agcina khona kahle, ngesikhathi sasehlobo amabhungane achitha ukufafaza okuphindaphindiwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10.
Futhi, ukuvikela ingadi kanye nensimu kusuka ezinambuzaneni, udinga ukuhlwanyela amacimbi asemaphethweni ngesisombululo selinye lama-insecticides. Faka isisombululo emgodini owenziwe isibungu esikhulu sokhuni noma ngesihlahla sokhuni egatsheni nasemabhokisini avela kwisirinji yezokwelapha elahlayo. Ubuthi, obungena ngaphansi kwengcindezi kule ndima, buthambisa umswakama buthi buyawubulala.
Uma kukhona ibhungane elingasentshonalanga elingahlafuneki engadini, ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe esikhathini kusukela ekuqaleni kokuvulwa kwe-bud ukuze kuvezwe ama-inflorescences kusetshenziswa elinye lamalungiselelo.
Ukuvikela ingadi ezinambuzaneni lapho kubhungwa amabhungane kusenesikhathi, lapho kuphela amagatsha noma izindikimba ezithile zigcwele nazo, “icompress” eyenziwe ngendwangu yekotoni eyenziwe yanyuselwa kwisisombululo sokulungiselela noma yikuphi ukuluka kwezinambuzane ingafakwa ezindaweni ezilimele isikhathi esingadluli izinsuku ezingama-7-10. Uma kunesidingo, le nqubo ingaphindwa.
Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa ne-sapon yezithelo
Lapho senza imicimbi ebizwa ngokuthi "sivikela ingadi ezifakweni zezinambuzane" akumele sikhohlwe ngezindlela zokulwa nokhuni. Kulesi sinambuzane, ubude bemivimbo eshintshashintshayo kanye nobude buhlukahluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-120 mm, unhlangothi olude luyandiswa ngandlela thile engxenyeni esemqoka.
ISapwood ibeka iqanda elilodwa emgodini ngamunye ezinhlangothini zendlela yesibeletho, amaqanda angama-50-100 kuphela. Uhlanga ngalunye oluhlafunayo luyashukuma. Amaphasi amakhulu asuka esibelethweni futhi atholakala ezinhlangothini zawo zombili.
Njengoba izibungu zikhula, ukuhamba kwazo kuyanda, kuhlangana komunye nomunye futhi kuphele ngezandiso - imifantu lapho izibungu zihlala ziye ebusika (ezindaweni ezisenyakatho), noma ziphulule ziphenduke amabhungane (eningizimu). Ngemuva kokuthuthuka, ibhungane ligaya umgodi ku-cortex futhi liphuma ngaphandle.
Isikhathi sokuthuthuka kwenhlaka yezithelo, kanye nokuhamba kwayo, yinde kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenkathi yehlobo, amaqanda ayo, izibungu, isiphungane namabhungane atholakala ngasikhathi sinye ezihlahleni ezonakele. Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwesizukulwane esisha samabhungane kubonakala ngokusobala ngokwanda kwesibalo sawo esivandeni kanye nokwanda okubukhali kwegxolo lezihlahla ezilimele zokuvula okuncane okuvulekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kogodo lwezithelo kuyaqhubeka unyaka wonke.
Izinkuni ezigqinsiwe nezinezithelo zihlala kuphela ezihlahleni ezibuthakathaka: ngomonakalo womshini kumagxolo ezinsimbi, ukushiswa yilanga kanye nezimbobo zeqhwa.
Izinyathelo zokulwa nokhuni lwesithelo lubandakanya ukusampula izihlahla ezinabantu abasha, ukubeka abazingeli besebenzisa amakhemikhali asebenzayo: I- "Spark Double Effect", "Spark-M", "Fufanon", "Inta-VIR", "Shar Pei", "Alatar" kanye ne "Biotlin".
Kusho ukuvikela ingadi ezifweni
I-Powdery MildewI-Phlox, i-aster zisetshenziswa njalo, i-calendula ithinteka kakhulu ngalesi sifo, izihlahla ze-apula ezihlahleni zezithelo kanye nama-currants amnyama nabomvu avela emahlathini aqhakaza izimbali. Ukuvikela ingadi kwizilokazane nezifo, ukunciphisa amasheya okutheleleka kwe-powdery isikhutha, iziphetho ze-gooseberry nezimpande ezimnyama ezithintwe yizo zigawulwa futhi zishiswe.
Ukubuka kwamakhowe.Kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-apula, pearl, raspberry, rose.
Ukugqwala ku-pearl, ama-roses, i-dogrose, i-barberry, i-antirinum (i-snapdragon), i-calendula, i-clove nezinye izitshalo kuzovinjwa ukufafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10) ngale mithi elandelayo: I-Acrobat, i-Abiga Peak, iTopazi, i-Copper Oxechloride.
Ukuvikela ingadi kulesi sifo nokuvikela umlutha wama-pathogen kulo muthi, kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngama-fungicides wezinye izigaba zamakhemikhali.
Uma ukhula ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo engadini, izitshalo ezilungiselelwe kahle indawo nendawo ehlanzekile kusuka kukhula, izinambuzane ezingatheni amagciwane.
