Ama-epiphytes aseTropiki ayizitshalo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, eziboniswe kahle yi-guzmania. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo kungamahlathi aseMelika. Imvamisa, itholakala kumagxolo ezihlahla ezifile. Ngakho-ke, izimpande zalo zisetshenziswa encazelweni ehlukile kunale yezitshalo zendabuko. Isitshalo sanelisa isidingo somswakama somoya.
IGuzmania isitshalo esidala kakhulu esinezimbali ezinamaqabunga amade, amabhulashi akhanyayo nezimbali ezincane. Izinhlamvu ezikhule ezimweni zekamelo zihlanganisiwe ngosayizi, zikhula zingadluli ku-0.5 m ukuphakama. Isizathu salokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezimweni zemvelo abanakho umswakama nokukhanya. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasezimweni ezinjalo, i-guzmania ingakhula kahle.
Uhlobo lokuhlobisa lwe-guzmania lunikezwa ngama-bracts, angaba nemibala ehlukahlukene: obomvu obugqamile, o-orenji, onsundu, o-burgundy no-orange. Zibukeka zihle kakhulu ngokumelene nesizinda samaqabunga aqhakaza i-hue eluhlaza okotshani, ehlotshiswe ngamaphethini, okwenza i-guzmania ikhange nakakhulu. Lapho izimbali ezimhlophe zibuna, amabhokisi ezithelo, aqukethe imbewu eningi encane, aqala ukuvuthwa. Bangasebenza kamuva njengezinto zokutshala zokusakazwa kwe-guzmania.
Ngokubona lesi sitshalo okokuqala, abatshali bezimbali abaningi bangacabanga ukuthi ngeke kube lula ukusikhulisa ekhaya. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunjalo, ngoba uma ulandela imithetho yokukhula kwe-guzmania ekhaya, khona-ke ngisho nomlimi oqalayo angabuyisela ikona lakhe eliluhlaza nge-guzmania.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya kweGuzmania
Akunandaba nokwehluka okutshaliwe lapho unakekela i-guzmania ekhaya bambelela emithethweni ejwayelekile, esivumela ukuthi sinikeze izimo zalesi sitshalo, ezingafani nhlobo nemvelo.
Isibani nokushisa komoya
Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo, i-guzmania incike kakhulu ekukhanyiseni. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyikhulisa efasiteleni elibheke entshonalanga nasempumalanga. Akunconywa ukubeka izitshalo ohlangothini oluseningizimu, lapho kuzovezwa khona ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Lokhu ngeke kusizakale isitshalo. Hhayi isinqumo esihle kakhulu sokukhulisa i-guzmania ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ngoba ukushoda kokukhanya ngeke kukuvumele ukuqhakaza. IGuzmania izizwa ikhululekile kakhulu emazingeni okushisa okungenani angama-25 ehlobo kanye nama-degree angu-18 ebusika.
Kuyadingeka futhi gcina umswakama ofanele, okufanele okungenani ibe ngama-85%. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-guzmania kufaka umoya omncane wendlu. Kodwa-ke, lapha kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi okusalungiswa akwenzeki, ngoba kungadala ukubambezeleka kwezimbali, futhi kudale nezimo ezinhle zokukhula kwezifo ezithile.
Ukunisela
Ukuze ube nembali ye-guzmania, ukunisela, okumele kwenziwe kusetshenziswe amanzi afudumele nalivikelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufanele ithunyelwe ngqo endaweni yokuphuma, lapho izohlala khona ehlobo lonke. Ukuchelela ubusika kuhlukile kulokhu, ngoba kuyadingeka ukulawula amanzi ngokweqile angaxutshwe isitshalo, bese usikhipha ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye. Ukuze unikeze i-guzmania ngenani elifanele lomswakama ehlobo, idinga ukuniselwa nsuku zonke, futhi ebusika, ukuthambisa kuncishiswa kube izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto.
Ngaphambi kokufaka imbiza yezimbali epallet, isigaxa esiminyene noma imousseokumele igcinwe imanzi. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ukunisela inhlabathi kungadingeka. Ukugcina izinga elifanele lomswakama, isitshalo kufanele sifafazwe nsuku zonke.
Ukondla iGuzmania
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya akunikezeli njengesilinganiso esiyisibopho sokugqoka esiphezulu. Noma kunjalo, akufanele akhishwe ngokuphelele. Ochwepheshe batusa ukufaka umanyolo wama-orchid enhlabathini njalo ngenyanga ehlobo, engeza nesixazululo esilungiselelwe ekuphumeni. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwakha izithungo zezimbali phambilini, futhi futhi kwandise isikhathi sezimbali ze-guzmania.
Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokulwa nazo
Ukunakekelwa kahle kwe-gusmania kudinga ukubambelela ngokuqinile ezimweni ezikhulayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka bangela ukuvela kwezifo ezithile:
- Izifo zokukhunta (i-powdery isikhutha, ukubola okungwevu, njll.). Isizathu sokubukeka kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nomswakama owandayo kanye nokushisa komoya. Indlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nabo ukusetshenziswa kwe-fungicide;
- izikhala zesicabucabu, izinambuzane ezikala kanye nama-mealybugs. Izimo ezithandekayo zokubonakala kwezinambuzane ezichazwe ngenhla zingukushisa komoya okuphansi, umswakama omningi womhlaba, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi engcolisiwe. Ekubonakaliseni kokuqala kwezinambuzane, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesinambuzane.
Ukuzalela eGuzmania ekhaya
Ungathola izihlahla ezintsha ze-guzmania usebenzisa izinqubo ezilandela kanye nezingane, ukwakheka kwazo kwenzeka ngemuva kokufa kwesitshalo sikamama, kanye nembewu.
Izici zokukhiqizwa kabusha kwezingane
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesitshalo esikhulu, izingane ziyakhiwa. Lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-15 cm, ziqala ukwahlukana futhi zidluliselwe ezitsheni ngazinye. Ngalesi sikhathi, isitshalo esikhulu soma ngokuphelele, ngenkathi izingane zakha amaqabunga amane, kanye nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine kusukela kuvele amahlumela.
Kunconywa ukuhlela ukufakelwa kwezingane ze-guzmania entwasahlobo. Okokuqala, udinga ukususa izitshalo ezitsheni, uhlukanise ngobumnene izinqubo ngommese obukhali, ngemuva kwalokho ungaqeda isitshalo somama.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nge-gusmania
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokutshala i-guzmania buandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi yokwakheka efanelekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inesakhiwo esingajwayelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingalungiswa kusuka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- Umhlaba weTurf;
- I-Peat;
- Sphagnum moss;
- Isihlabathi samalahle
Ukuze uthole ukubekelwa phansi okusheshayo kwezinqubo, kusetshenziswa umugqa olandelayo wenhlabathi:
- Ishidi lomhlaba - izingxenye ezi-3;
- Amagxolo ephayini - ingxenye eyi-1;
- Isihlabathi samalahle - ingxenye eyi-1.
Ngalezo zimo lapho kunzima ukulungiselela umhlabathi wakho wokutshala, ungathathelwa indawo inhlabathi elungiselelwe ama-orchid nama-bromeliad. Ukudluliswa kwezingane kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngeziqukathi eziphansi zensimbi encane. Ngaphambi kokubeka inhlabathi, amathangi agcwele amanzi. Ngenqubo yokufakelwa, udinga ukuba uqaphele kakhulu ngamahlumela amancane ngenxa yezimpande zawo ezintekenteke. Ukulimala okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Lapho izingane zisembizeni, zimbozwa ngopulasitiki. Ngemuva kwalokho zidluliselwa egumbini lapho kudingeka khona ukuthi zigcine izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwama-28 degrees. Ngokuhambisana nalesi simo, izingane zingena ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ukunakekelwa kwazo kuzoba njengokufana nezitshalo ezindala. Izimbali zokuqala zivela kuphela emva kweminyaka emi-3. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lo mzuzu ungasheshiswa uma ungazihlukanisi izingane nesitshalo sikamama, kepha zivumele zikhule ngokuthe xaxa ethangini elidala. Ngemuva kwalokho isigaba sokuqhakaza bazoqala ngonyaka. Kulokhu, uzodinga ukusika ngokucophelela isitshalo somama.
Ungakhula kanjani i-guzmania kusuka ezinhlanyelweni?
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu idinga ukucutshungulwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zibekwe i-disinitness kwikhambi elibuthakathaka le-potanganum permanganate. Okulandelayo, kutyalwe ngqo enhlabathini, kulungiselelwe ngesisekelo se-peat nesihlabathi, kuthathwe ngamanani alinganayo. Ukufafaza imbewu ngesendlalelo somhlaba kusuka phezulu akudingekile. Amakhono ane-landings embozwe ngengubo yengilazi noma yepulasitiki. Ngemuva kwalokho, badluliselwa egumbini elikhanyayo, lapho kudingekile khona ukugcina izinga lokushisa komoya ngama-25 degrees. Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu, ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka. Ngemuva kwenyanga, izithombo zizofinyelela esimweni esanele ukuthi sitshelwe emabhodweni ngamanye anobubanzi obungama-7 cm.
I-Guzmania yangaphakathi yezimbali ukufakelwa
Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa kumthamo owodwa wokutshala. iminyaka eminingana. Isidingo sokufakelwa kwezimbali kungavela kuphela ngemuva kokuthenga. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengomthetho, ezitolo, kunikezwa i-guzmania enhlabathini yezokuthutha, lapho lesi sitshalo esihlukile ngeke sikwazi ukukhula ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha, lapho nje eseflethini, uzodinga inhlabathi entsha yezakhi, enokwakheka okuthe xaxa.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-guzmania isitshalo esishisayo, abatshali be-novice kungenzeka uhlangabezana nobunzima obuthile ngesikhathi sokuzalela kwayo:
ukuntuleka kwezimbali. Enye yezizathu zalokhu kungaba ukushoda noma ukweqisa kokukhanya, kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla nomswakama ophansi. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangele lesi simo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinyathelo zithathwa ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza izimbali. Ama-apula noma ubhanana angasiza kulokhu, abekwa eduze kwesitshalo futhi amboze imbali nge-polyethylene. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ethylene izoqala. Le gesi isebenza kahle ezitshalweni ze-bromeliad, eziqala ukuqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi siqaphe isimo sezithelo, ngoba kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukubola kwazo nokubumba;- amacembe abuna. Imvamisa, lokhu kubangelwa ukuqina kwamanzi endaweni ephumayo, egcwele ukuwohloka kohlelo lwezimpande. Lesi simo singalungiswa ngokunciphisa inani lokunisela. Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenza kwezinambuzane ezithile kungaholela kulokhu;
- ukukhula kancane noma ukuntuleka kwayo. Izimbangela ezingabakhona ukuzala kwenhlabathi okuphansi, ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba nokukhanya.
ukuntuleka kwezimbali. Enye yezizathu zalokhu kungaba ukushoda noma ukweqisa kokukhanya, kanye nokuntuleka kwamandla nomswakama ophansi. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangele lesi simo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinyathelo zithathwa ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza izimbali. Ama-apula noma ubhanana angasiza kulokhu, abekwa eduze kwesitshalo futhi amboze imbali nge-polyethylene. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-ethylene izoqala. Le gesi isebenza kahle ezitshalweni ze-bromeliad, eziqala ukuqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi siqaphe isimo sezithelo, ngoba kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukubola kwazo nokubumba;Ukuhluka kwesitshalo se-guzmania kulele ekutheni umphumela wawo omuhle udlulela kubantu nakubantu nakuwo wonke umkhathi osendlini. Ngakho-ke, abantu abahlala egunjini elin nale mbali, phuma ngokushesha esimweni sokucindezelwathola amandla akhulayo. Ezindlini ezinjalo, kuvame ukubusa ukuthula, ukuthula nokuzola. Ukukhula kwe-guzmania kukuvumela ukuthi ugxilise ukugeleza kwamandla okunamandla endaweni ezungezile, futhi kusiza ukukhulisa inhlala kahle futhi kuletha injabulo endlini.
Endle, le mbali yezimbali ivame ukuhlotshaniswa namandla wesilisa. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziswa egumbini lokulala, lapho kubonisa khona izakhiwo ze-aphrodisiac zemvelo.
Isiphetho
Akunabaningi phakathi kwabalimi basekhaya abajwayelene kahle ne-guzmania. Lesi sitshalo esishisayo sithakazelisa kakhulu ukukhula endaweni yethu sezulu. Akudonsanga izimbali ezihlukile kupende wombala ohlukahlukene.
IGuzmania iyathakazelisa ngenxa yamandla ayo akhethekile okuba nomthelela omuhle enhlalakahleni yabantu abasheshe bathuthukise isimo sabo futhi baphinde babe nezimo ezicindezelayo. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi izindawo zemvelo zesitshalo ziyizindawo ezishisayo azikwazi ukuvimbela abathengisi bezimbali ezweni lethu ukujabulela lesi sitshalo. Uyabondla imithetho elula ekhulayo ekhaya, ngakho-ke, ngokubhekisisa kwabo ngqo, lesi sitshalo esihlukile singazizwa sisejwayelekile ezinkulisa zethu futhi sibe nomthelela omuhle kubantu.
