ILatania ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi enye yezihlahla zesundu ezinhle kakhulu. Inkulu, icishe ibe yisiyingi ngesimo, i-cirrus mahlo eyinkimbinkimbi ngempela. Futhi umkhawulo oyingqayizivele kuma-lobes amaqabunga ubangele ukuvela kwegama elidumile lesitshalo - isundu se-velvet. Akudingi ubusika obupholile, ukugoba, noma kunjalo, ungomunye wabamele kakhulu bomndeni wesundu. Kudinga ukuvikeleka kokusalungiswa, ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela futhi ngeke kuqhoshe ngokumelana okuphezulu nezinambuzane. Kepha ubuhle balesi sakhiwo sobuciko bokubukeka, isihlahla sesundu esijabulisayo singabeka izinsizakalo eziyingqayizivele engaphakathi, siqokomise ukubamba phakathi kwabanye abamele iziqhwaga zasendlini.
I-Palm Latania. © Ihlathi & i-Kim StarrI-Velvet kanye nokubamba okungavamile
Ngaphambi kokujwayelana okusondelene neziqeshana, kuyafaneleka ngokushesha ukucacisa ukudideka okubangelwa ukubukeka okufanayo kwezihlahla zesundu ezihlukile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iziqobelo ziwuhlobo oluzimele lwezitshalo, zivame ukudidaniswa nezinye izihlahla zesundu - livistones (noma kunalokho, nohlobo olunye lwe-livistones), futhi kwesinye isikhathi lezi zihlahla zesundu zibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olulodwa futhi zisebenzisa la magama njengezivumelanisi. Kodwa ukubiza ama-Livistons ukubamba amaphutha kuyiphutha elikhulu. Futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe - zama ukubakhulisa ngokuya ngomgomo owodwa. Hhayi ngokusho kwako konke ukufakwa kwesimanje kwe-botanical, kepha futhi kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwesimo, isizumbulu sokutshala kwayo, lezi zihlahla zesundu ziyizitshalo ezihluke kakhulu. I-Liviston idinga ubusika obupholile, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu kubhekwa njengokuzithoba, ukubekezelela umswakama ophansi. Kepha ukudonsa kunzima kakhulu kusiko futhi kungenabungozi kakhulu, kudinga ubusika obufudumele, kepha kuyinzuzo enkulu ekunakekelweni. Futhi yize zombili lezi zihlahla zesundu zimile ngokufana futhi zakhiwe ngesimo sehlamvu eliyindilinga, ngaphandle umehluko phakathi kwazo usabonakala. Ekudonselweni, amaqabunga ngendlela ejwayelekile afana nezimpaphe zepikoko, angumbuthano ocishe ube muhle ophethe ama-lobes aphambukayo ngokweqile, kuyilapho ku-livistona ukubukeka kwawo kufana nokukhipha ingadi yokuqoqa amahlamvu owomile, ama-lobes akha i-semicircle noma i-semicircle emile.
ENtshonalanga, i-latania yaziwa ngaphansi kwesidlaliso esihle kakhulu sesundu velvet. Ngempela, i-pubescence yokusika kanye nemithambo emaqabungeni, umbala omuhle obomvu omuhle kakhulu, isilinganiso esihle sabalandeli bezindilinga sifana ne-velvet yokunethezeka ngemidwebo yabo. Kutholakala kuphela empumalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika naseziqhingini ngazinye, ama-latanias ayimithi yesundu eyivelakancane ngendlela exakile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu.
ILatania (ILatania) luhlobo oluncane lwezihlahla ezinkulu zesundu zomndeni wakwaKaprov. Uhlobo lokufaka luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezi-3 kuphela, okukhona kuzo uhlobo lunye kuphela olusetshenziselwa amasiko egumbi - Latania Loddiguez (Latania loddigesii) Emvelweni, ikhula ibe ngamamitha ayi-10, yakha iziqu ezinamandla, ama-fibrous, kanye neziqu ezinhle kakhulu ezisele ngemuva kokuwa kwe-petioles. Ngokwesiko elingaphakathi endlini, ukubamba izihlahla akubumba isiqu, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kukhawulelwe kubukhulu obungu-2 m, yize ukunqwabelanisa kuhlala kuyintende yemitha ebumbene isikhathi eside. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubamba izihlahla akusigcini isici esihle kakhulu sezihlobo zasendle - amandla okukhiqiza amashidi ambalwa ngonyaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ishidi elilodwa. Amacembe abunjwe njengabalandeli aqoqwe esiqeshini esihlakazayo salesi sitshalo ama-velvet, anethezekile, asondelene isiyingi esiseduze. Ngokungafani nezinye izihlahla zesundu ezinjengomuntu othanda izihlahla, amaqabunga awo afana kakhulu nezinsiba zepigogo, ayindilinga kakhulu. Umbala wamaqabunga alolu hlobo lokufaka imibala uhlala uluhlaza okotshani, amatholethi ayimicu, njengomthetho, adwetshwe ngombala obomvu ohlukile. Ekudonselweni, ziyabonakala futhi zinamandla kakhulu, zidinga ukuphathwa ngokunakekelwa: ama-spikes asemaphethelweni acishe angabonakali, kepha angadala ukulimala okukhulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahlukaniswa emaphethelweni kuphela. Izingxenyana zamaqabunga, njengomthetho, ziqonde ngokuphelele futhi zicishe zibe lucid. Ububanzi bamaqabunga abufikeleli kumamitha ayi-1.5, okubonakaliswa ukubekeka kwemvelo, kepha ezihlahleni ezindala zasendlini ezikhulukazi ziyakwazi ukusondela kumamitha ayi-1. Akunakwenzeka ukubona ukuqhuma kwamapayipi ngisho nasezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, hhayi nje esikhungweni segumbi. Izitshalo ziqhakaza kuphela emvelweni yemvelo, zikhiqize ama-panicles amahle amangalisayo ama-inflorescence anezimbali ezinotshisi ophuzi, endaweni lapho izithelo ziboshelwe khona amajikijolo amnyama, anjenge-pea.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili - Ukuxhumeka kweLantaroid (I-Latania lontaroides) kanye I-Lathania Vershaffelta (I-Latania verschaffeltii) - kuthathwa njengamasiko angajwayelwanga kahle imvelo yekamelo futhi angavamile ngaphakathi, yize ngaphandle kungafani nalokhu kusukela ekubambeni kweLoddigez. Isici esiyinhloko salezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokubamba indawo okukhawulelwe ukusatshalaliswa nendawo enwetshiwe nombala wamaqabunga. Ekwebiseni i-Loddigez, amaqabunga anombala onsomi onsundu, kanti lapho edonsa iLantaroid amaqabunga abomvu, kanti ama-subshagi weVershaffelt agqagqana nama-petioles awo aphuzi kanye nemithambo.
I-Latania Loddigesa (Latania loddigesii). © tharea Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Akukenzeki ukuthi ukuhlangana kwezihlahla zesundu velvet ebabazekayo kubizwe ngokuthi kungomunye wabamele abahle kakhulu bomndeni wesundu. Lesi sitshalo asilona nje ubunzima bokukhula, kodwa sinzima kakhulu. ILatania izizwa kahle kuphela lapho izimo ezishisayo ezinomswakama omkhulu nokushisa zenzelwe yona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umswakama ozinzile awubalulekile kuphela ngokuhambisana nezici zangaphakathi komoya, kodwa futhi nasekuvamweni kokunisela. Isidingo sokwenza njalo izinqubo ezengeziwe nokubheka isimo sesitshalo, siqaphe ukuthuthuka kwazo, kanye nesidingo sokuphatha umuthi wesundu ngokucophelela ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kwenza ukuthwebula isihlahla sesundu, okutshalwe kuso kungenzeka kuphela kubalimi abanolwazi kakhulu. Udinga ukuthenga lezi zitshalo uneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-2, ngoba izitshalo zabantu abadala azazivumelaniswa kahle nezimo ezintsha.
Ukukhanya
Njengezitshalo eziningi zomdabu wase-Afrika, ukubopha kuyisitshalo esinamandla. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imisebe yelanga eqondile ingashiya ukushiswa kwamaqabunga, umuzwa onjalo ubonakala ngesitshalo kuphela emisebeni yasemini, futhi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuze kube amahora angama-2 kuya kwayi-3 ngesihlahla sesundu kwamukelekile impela. Indawo ekahle yalobu buhle obukhulu ibhekwa njengezindawo ezifanayo nezindawo ezisempumalanga nangasentshonalanga.
Isikhathi sokuphiswa kwalesi sitshalo siqala ngokungakhethi, ngenxa yokukhanya okunciphisiwe kanye nomswakama womoya ophansi. Uma ukukhiwa kunganikeza izimo ezinzile ngisho nasebusika, khona-ke ngenkathi ebandayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kwakuyoqhubeka kukhiqizwe amaqabunga amahle. Ngokokukhuluma ngokuqinile, izimo ezizinzile zasebusika zigcina izitshalo esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo unyaka wonke.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokubopha, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqabunga amakhulu alesi sitshalo enza umqhele ogcwele kakhulu. Kulesi sihlahla sesundu, kuyadingeka ukunikeza isikhala samahhala, kufanelekile kuphela kumagumbi amakhulu anendawo enkulu. Isidingo sendawo eyanele yokubamba izinto sinqunywa yiqiniso lokuthi ngaphandle kokushintshana komoya okujwayelekile, ngisho nokuthola umoya omusha, umuthi wesundu uvame ukugula. Izitshalo azikwazi ukubekwa ngokuqondile ezindongeni, ikakhulukazi ukuze amashidi aphumule kunoma iyiphi indawo, futhi asethelwe eduze kwemishini yokushisa noma yomoya.
Ukushisa okunethezekayo
ILatania ingeyesihlahla sesundu esithanda ukushisa futhi asidingi ubusika obubandayo. Ngentwasahlobo noma ehlobo iyakwazi ukubekezelela izimo ezishisa cishe, ebusika idinga ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, kodwa nokho kuphela ukwehlisa izinkomba "zegumbi". Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lomoya futhi akufanele liwe ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye kufanele lehliswe uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esisebenzayo sokukhula.
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, kulesi sihlahla sesundu, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amazinga okushisa okungenani ama-Celsius angama-20. I-Latania ikubekezelela ukushisa kahle, kepha ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kuyadingeka ukugwema noma yiluphi ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, ukushintshwa kwezimo ngisho nangama-5 degrees.
I-Latania ayikubekezeleli okubhaliwe okubandayo futhi ebusika idinga ukuvikeleka ngazo zonke izindlela ngesikhathi somoya omncane. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umoya omncane ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kokuthola umoya omusha, amaqabunga ahlushwa ukomiswa okusheshayo. Naphezu kokungathandi kokusalungiswa, le ntende ehlobo ingahanjiswa ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile, ziye engadini, ithala noma kuvulandi. Into esemqoka ukuthola indawo efanelekile evikelekile yokubamba ngokukhanya okukhanyayo komthunzi.
I-Latania lantaroid (Latania lontaroides). © B.navezUkunisela nomswakama
I-Latania idinga ukuthambisa okwanele ngesikhathi sesigaba esisebenzayo sentuthuko, ikakhulukazi uma isitshalo sikhiqiza amaqabunga amancane. Imvamisa, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngokushesha lapho ungqimba ophezulu wesigcawu esisemakhonteni omile. Imvamisa ye-classic yezinqubo zalesi sigaba imayelana ne-3 ukuthambisa ngeviki ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. I-Palm ayiphenduli kahle ekomiselweni okuphelele kokhilimu wobumba, nasekhungweni kwalo ngokweqile. Ebusika, umswakama uyancishiswa, okuvumela i-substrate ukuba yome kancane futhi kungqimba oluphakathi.
Amachashazi aniselwa kuphela ngamanzi axazululiwe, okushisa kwawo okuphakeme kancanyana komoya egumbini nasesihlangeni. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukuchelela emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Ukunisela ngamanzi afudumele kwanelisa isidingo sokufaka emhlabathini ofudumele futhi omanzi njalo.
Uma umgodi onamandla owanele ubekelwe lesi sitshalo, ungazama ukuphinda isipiliyoni sezinye izithombo zokugcina izithombo lapho ukhula lukhula ngokubeka imbiza nalesi sitshalo esitsheni esikhulu samanzi, lapho isitshalo ngokuzimela “sidonsela” inani elifanele lomswakama. Lesi sihlahla sesundu sithanda izimbiza zokunisela ezizenzakalelayo.
ILatania ingabekwa ngokuphephile phakathi kwezihlahla zesundu ezifunwa kakhulu umswakama. Uma ufuna ukuphumelela ukukhula futhi ungalahli amahlamvu amaningi kunokuba isitshalo sikhiqiza, kuzodingeka uzinakekele ukudala izimo ezishisayo ngempela. Amanani aphansi omswakama owemukelekile ngalesi sihlahla sama-60%. Umswakama ophakeme unomthelela omuhle ijubane lokuthuthuka nobuhle bamaqabunga.
Indlela eyintandokazi yokwandisa umswakama wokubamba umoya ukufafaza njalo. Ehlobo, kuyalulekwa ukwenza inqubo cishe izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa umoya walesi sihlahla sesundu zithathwa njengezimbi. Ikakhulu, ukubopha kuthanda ukufafaza yize kufakwa izinto zokuthambisa. Lapho wenza le nqubo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukufafaza awumi kuphela, kepha futhi afudumele.
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zangempela zokwandisa izinga lomswakama, ukugoqa ngeke kwenqabe kusuka ekuhlanzeni kwamahlamvu njalo. Ayidlali kuphela umsebenzi wesilinganiso wokulwa nokuqongelela uthuli nama-allergen, kepha futhi isebenza njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela izinambuzane. Uma intende ihlangene, khona-ke esikhundleni sokuhlikihla amaqabunga, ungamanzisa umqhele emanzini.
Ukondliwa kokuxhunywa
Ukuze uthole i-velvet yesundu, indlela ye-atypical kuhlobo lokudla iyadingeka. Umanyolo walesi sitshalo usetshenziswa unyaka wonke, noma kunjalo, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kube kuncane impela. Kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube okusebenzayo impela, ngokuvama kwesikhathi se-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Ama-Latanias adore umanyolo we-organic, yize izithako ezivamile ezihlanganayo zilungele bona. Ezakhiweni zamaminerali-organic kungcono ukhethe umanyolo okhethekile wezihlahla zesundu.
Isihlahla sesundu iLatania (Latania). © UClaus WillichIzihlahla zokuthena
Amacembe esundu avele afe kancane, omile ngaphandle, adinga ukuthenwa. Kepha uma usika iqabunga elingasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba lome ngokuphelele, uzoqala inqubo yokuncipha okushesha ngokwengeziwe, amaqabunga esundu ayoma ngokulandelana. Ukusika kwesichibi sokubopha kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokuba ipuleti lonke lamaqabunga selomile ngokuphelele futhi njalo kushiya umucu owomile wokukhipha u-3-4 mm.
Transplant kanye substrate
Ukuze ubambe, kubalulekile ukukhetha ingxube yomhlaba ekhanya kakhulu futhi enempilo. Ngokufanelekile ngalesi sitshalo, izingxenyana ezikhethekile ezithengiwe zezihlahla zesundu zifanelekile, kepha ungenza inhlabathi ngokwakho. Ukuze kuthwetshulwe, i-substrate imvamisa ilungiswa ngesisekelo senhlabathi nesihlabathi, kepha inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enezingxenye ezilinganayo zeshidi ne-turf inhlabathi nesihlabathi esingaphansi kwesilungele ukufanelekela. I-substrate kufanele ibe nokusabela okuncane noma okungathathi hlangothi (amanani avumelekile we-pH kusuka ku-5.0 kuye ku-7.0).
Inqubo yokubamba iyinkimbinkimbi hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobukhulu bezitshalo, ukwakheka kwamaqabunga noma ama-petioles aqwayiza, kodwa ngenxa yokwesaba okukhulu ukulimala kwemishini yimbumbulu eshubile neyezungu. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwa njengoba kudingekile, kuphela uma izimpande zimunca ngokuphelele isakhi esikhona. Ukufakelwa kwaminyaka yonke kuzodingeka kuphela nezimagqabhagqabha ezincane, izitshalo ezindala zidluliselwa kaningi kakhulu, ngemvamisa yeminyaka emi-2 kuye kweli-5. Isikhathi esifanele sokufuduka kusentwasahlobo, yize ungakwazi ukwenza inqubo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kobusika.
Ngesikhathi senqubo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka ungqimba oluphezulu lwamanzi ngaphansi kwesitsha. Izimpande zamahhala zalesi sithelo sesundu, eziphuma emigodini futhi zingenamhlabathi, zibekwe emasongweni ezansi kwesiqukathi, kepha akukho msebenzi owenziwayo eduze kwesigaxa esikhulu sobumba, asisusi inhlabathi yamahhala, sizama ukususa ngokucophelela kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesisekelo sangaphansi. Izinga lokungena kokufaka kufanele ligcinwe ngokufana ebhodweni elidlule. Ukujula kwentamo yezimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kungaholela engcupheni enkulu yokufa kwesandla. Ngokushesha emva kokufakelwa, ukubamba kwenziwa ngokuthambisa okuvinjelwe kakhulu, futhi izinqubo ezijwayelekile ziphinda zenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zijwayele izimo ezintsha. Isundu emavikini ama-2 emva kokufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi kufanele lifakwe endaweni enombala ukusheshisa ukuzivumelanisa nesimo futhi inikeze ukufafaza okuningi kakhulu.
Ukuze unikeze isitshalo isikhala esengeziwe sokuthuthuka kanye nokunciphisa imvamisa yokudluliselwa, izimbiza kufanele zikhushulwe kakhulu kunangesihlahla samasundu, okungenani amasentimitha ayi-7 cm. Ukwakheka kwesitsha kufanele kube okwasendulo, nokuphakama okuwedlula ububanzi.
Imbewu yesihlahla sesundu iLatania Loddighez.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-latania
ILatania akuyona intende evikela inkathazo. Uma kunokwephulwa kokunakekelwa nokuphambuka kusuka ezimweni ezikhulayo ezinconyiwe, ama-mealybugs, izibungu zesicabucabu, nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngezinga kuvame ukuhlala kulesi sitshalo. Ngokugcwala kwamanzi okuguqukayo kwesakhiwana, lesi sitshalo sisongelwa ngokubola kwezimpande, futhi singakwazi ukuhlanganiswa kuphela ngokuwumisa ngokuphelele udaka (ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kwalesi sihlahla sesundu akwamukeleki futhi kuholela njalo ekufeni kwesitshalo). Izinambuzane zilawulwa kangcono ngama-insecticides.
Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhuleni kwe-latania:
- ukuvela kwamabala emacabheni emoyeni owomile, izikhala zokushisa, okusalungiswa noma ukuthambisa okunganele;
- ukomiswa kokuhlaza okotshani, ukomiswa kwamaqabunga ngokoqobo ngokulandelana ngokuthena okungafanele kweqabunga elomile;
- ukuvela kwamathiphu ansundu emaqabunga anomoya owomile noma ukuthambisa amanzi kwe-substrate.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kweziqeshana
Lesi sundu singasakazwa kuphela ngembewu, yize kungelula ukuzithola. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinye izihlahla zesundu zithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama le-latania, futhi ukuze uthenge imbewu yesundu velvet, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela igama lesiLatin lesi sitshalo. Khulisa imbewu yalesi sundu ezitsheni ezingajulile nasesakhiweni esinezakhi zomzimba.Cishe izinyanga ezimbili kufanele zigcinwe egumbini elinamazinga okushisa okungenani angama-25 (okushisa okuphezulu cishe kungukushisa kwama-8-10 degrees), ngaphansi kwefilimu nangomoya omncane nsuku zonke. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, imbewu iyaqhuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60.
Izindlela zokukhulisa imifino zalesi sithelo azamukeleki.
