I-Scoop yasebusika - Isikhonyane SaseNyakatho

Abantu babiza izinkumbi zasenyakatho ngezinga lomonakalo odale ubusika. Ezifundeni ezinobusika - isibungu sasebusika. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zezemvelo, owesimame oyedwa ubekela amaqanda angama-600 kuye kwangama-2247, okuthi isivuno sezimbungulu sifike kuma-95-98%. Imizuzu engama-20-25 ngemuva kokuphuma ku-chrysalis, ama-scoops asencane alungele izindiza nokudla. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zama-scoops zilimaza izitshalo ezingaphezulu kwenhlabathi (ukudliwa kwamaqabunga) kanye nengxenyeni engenhla yomhlabathi (ukugunda). Wonke ama-scoops angama-polyphages, okwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukuwalwa nawo, futhi asinda kangcono emzabalazweni wempilo nokuzala. Akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-scoop (amafomu endiza anikezela ngamabhanoyi amabanga amade), kepha inani labo lingancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulawula, iqhaza eliholayo okuyizindlela zokuvikela nezokulwa nezindlela zezolimo.

I-scoop yasebusika, noma ukukhanya kobusuku basebusika (Agrotis segetum). © UPhilip Sansum

Izilimo ezithintekile kanye nezinga lokulimaza kwama-scoops ebusika

Amakhethini we-scoops ebusika alimala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-140 zezitshalo zemindeni engama-36. Ihlukaniswe ngokudla amaqabunga, i-intra-stem nokugaya, okubhubhisa uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Usuku, i-scoop eyodwa ibhubhisa izitshalo eziyimpande ezingama-10 - 20 kashukela. Utshala ubhekilanga, ummbila, ugwayi, amabele, ukotini emvinini, futhi ngokushintshela ehlobo kuye emifino nakwezobuchwepheshe, kufaka ithanga, i-zucchini, amakhabe, uphizi, amazambane, kanti ekwindla kuyanda izitshalo zasebusika nezasebusika. Isibungu, sidla izimpande, sichitha ukutshala amagilebhisi nezithombo zezithelo zezithelo ezincane. Kokhula, ama-scoops akhetha ukuhlalisa futhi adle izimpande ze -ainain, ahlwanyele ikhakhasi futhi aboshwe.

I-scoop yasebusika yayihlala yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezikude neNyakatho. Indawo yokulimala ifaka phakathi i-non-chernozem, i-steppe, i-bush-steppe, izindawo ezisenyakatho, kanye neNorth Volga. I-Far East, iningizimu yeSiberia, i-Urals, neNyakatho Caucasus. Inani lezizukulwane ezifundeni zaseRussia lihambisana nezimo zezulu. Ezifundeni zasenyakatho ezinokushisa okunganele, kuvela esinye isizukulwane sasebusika scoop. Eningizimu, kuze kube ezizukulwaneni ezingama-3-4 ezikhule ngokuphelele.

Incazelo yama-scoops ebusika

I-scoop yasebusika (I-Agrotis segetum) kubhekisa kwizinambuzane eziyingozi ikakhulukazi. Ukubukeka okungenakuqhathaniswa nobukhulu obuyisizotha b uvemvane kuyakhohlisa. Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-1.8-2.2 cm ngamaphiko we-3.0-5.0 cm. Umbala wamaphiko angaphambili ezinsikazi uphuzi grey noma nsundu ophuzi, lapho kuvela khona amabala athile nemivimbo egqamile emnyama nokukhanya. imigqa ephukile noma egobile. Umbala wezimpiko zangaphambili zabesilisa ulula kunowesifazane. Izinsikazi zinezimpiko zezinsikazi ezingcolile; umphetho wazo wangaphandle uhlukaniswe umucu ompunga. Iziduna zinezimpiko zezinsikazi ezimhlophe. Ikhanda nesifuba sesinambuzane kumbozwe ngamabhulashi. Izinto zokusebenza ngomlomo zimelelwa yi-proboscis ende eqinile. I-Antennae kwabesifazane yenziwa ngefilform, kwabesilisa abaphukile. Ama-Butterflies ayasebenza kusihlwa, adla ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ukudla kwasebusuku, i-scoop yasebusika ibizwa nangokuthi ukukhanya kobusika.

Isibungu se-scoop sikhulu, sicwebezela, ngokubukeka - izithunzi eziluhlaza okotshani. Ikhasi limbozwe okusanhlamvu okuhle. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imivimbo emnyama ende. Ubude bomzimba buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-4.0-5.0. Isibungu esinamazinyo ayisishiyagalombili emilenzeni: ngamabili ama-pectoral namabili ama-5 wesisu.

Ikhokhonathi yes scoop ebusika. © Drew Ontano

Umjikelezo wokuthuthuka kabusha kanye nama-scoops ebusika

Ekukhuleni kwayo, i-scoop idlula kuzo zonke izigaba kusuka eqandeni ukuya ekusukeni uvemvane. Ngenkathi efudumele, inkathazo ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ikhiqiza isizukulwane esisodwa, futhi ezifundeni ezinezikhathi ezifudumele zezizukulwane ezingama-2-4. Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sithatha izinsuku ezingama-50-70 futhi kuya ngezimo zokushisa. Ehlobo elibandayo nelimanzi, i-scoop ibeka inani elincanyana kakhulu lamaqanda (aze afike ku-40-50), ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele - ngaphezu kuka-2000. Ukuze kwenziwe umgwaqo, ukhetha izindawo ezifudumele kahle ezinomhlabathi oqinile kanye nesiteji sotshani esingahle sigeleze. Ngemuva kokushiya iqanda, isibungu sidlula eminyakeni eyi-6, siguqulwa sibe yi-pronymphus esizukulwaneni sasehlobo, bese siba yi-chrysalis futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12 uvemvane, esilungele ukundiza ngemizuzu eyi-10-25. Iminyaka eqinisiwe ibonwa ebusuku emazingeni okushisa emoyeni ngenhla kwe + 12 * C. Okuphakelayo okuyinhloko uvemvane ngumpe wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Impilo yabantu abadala be-scoop ebusika ilinganiselwe ezinsukwini ezingama-5 kuya kwengama-40 kanti konke kunikezelwe ekutsheni nasekuqandeni amaqanda. Amacimbi amadala esigaba se-6 aya ebusika; abasha bafa ngenxa yamaqhwa. Zihlala phezulu kwengqimba yenhlabathi engu-20-25 cm futhi zibekezelele amazinga okushisa aze afike ku-11 * С. Entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-10 * C, akhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi, lapho akhwelana khona bese eguquka abe izimvemvane. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu elibuthakathaka ekuthuthukisweni kwe-scoop yasebusika ukubekwa kwamaqanda ekwindla nokuhamba kwezimbungulu zokufudumeza ubusika, amacimbi entwasahlobo akhuphukela kungqimba yenhlabathi ephezulu ye-10 cm. Ukumba ngokujulile ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kuzoba nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwenani elikhulu lezilokazane. Ithuba elilahlekile lizoholela endizeni enkulu yezimvemvane zesizukulwane sokuqala ngoMeyi nangoJulayi wesibili. Njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5 ukuya kwezi-10, amacimbi amancane azovela ezinqandeni, kuthi owedlule akhule. Izinambuzane zayo yonke iminyaka zizodla kakhulu kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Abantu abadala asebefinyelele eminyakeni engu-6 bathuthela enhlabathini ebusika. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, izimvemvane zizobekela amaqanda, lapho kuvela khona amacimbi esizukulwane sokuqala sonyaka olandelayo futhi kusukela ngoMeyi umjikelezo wokuthuthuka kwescoo sasebusika uzoqala futhi.

I-scoop yasebusika, noma ukukhanya kobusuku basebusika (Agrotis segetum). © Martin Grimm

Izindlela zokubhekana ne-scoop ebusika

Izimpawu zomonakalo ezitshalweni ze-scoop ebusika

Amakhethini alimaza iziqu ezisezingeni lomhlabathi futhi empeleni adla izisekelo zeziqu zezitshalo ezisencane, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane nezitshalo zezimpande, okushiya iziphawu zezici kwesinye isikhathi ezihlala kuzo. Ama-Scoops adla azungeze ingxenye ethambile yamahlamvu, ashiya kuphela imicu. Kunconywa ukuthi unake ukushwabela okujwayelekile kwenani elikhulu lezitshalo ezindaweni ezinkulu ngokoqobo phakathi nosuku.

Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zomzabalazo

Ukugcwaliseka kwalezi zidingo ezilandelayo kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani lezinambuzane.

Ukushintshaniswa kwamasiko kuvuselelo lwamasiko, lapho ukucubungula okuhleliwe kwezilayini ezilandelanayo kufaka isandla ekubhujisweni kwenani elikhulu lezibungu nepupae.
Ngemuva kokuvuna uphizi nezinye izitshalo ezinqwabelana ne-nitrogen, ukulima kusenesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuze kubhujiswe izizukulwane zasehlobo zezimbungulu ne-pupae yezinundu hhayi zasebusika kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ukubhujiswa okugcwele ngenani labantu abangavamile ukhula. Ngebhabhathane elinotshani obukhulu, ubhungane be-scoop ebusika abubeki amaqanda kulezi zindawo.
Ukuhambisana nesikhathi sokuhlwanyela nokutshala izilimo zasengadini. Uma kunokwenzeka, ukusetshenziswa kokutshala kokuqala nokutshala kwezithombo.
Ukutshala nokutshala izitshalo zasengadini ngezinhlobo zesifunda.
Ukuhlanza imigwaqo yamakotishi ehlobo kusuka kukhula. Esikhundleni sokutshala okusanhlamvu okukhula ngokuhlobisa.
Okuphilayo
Ukutshala izitshalo eziheha izinambuzane ezidla inyama kanye nezithwali zezikhunta nezinye izifo zama-scoops asebusika: i-banchus emnyama, i-tahina fly, i-trichographma, njll.
Izimbambo ezihehayo, ama-starlings, izinqola, ama-flycatchers, ama-titmouse, ondlunkulu nezinye izinyoni eziwusizo emasimini engadi. Inani elikhulu lamacimbi kanye nezimpungushe zibhubhisa ama-jackdaws, amagwababa, ama-lapwings.

I-scoop yasebusika, noma ukukhanya kobusuku basebusika (Agrotis segetum)

Umphumela omuhle unikezwa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yesimanje yezinto eziphilayo eyenziwe ngokusezingeni elifanelekile lezinto eziphilayo: i-Fitoverm, i-Agrovertin, iTrosodermin, i-Actofit, iHaupsin, i-Bitoxibacillin nabanye. Zingasetshenziswa sonke isizini efudumele. Azilimazi abantu, izilwane, izinambuzane ezizuzisayo (izinyosi, ama-bumblebees). Izindlela zokulungiselela nezikhathi zokusebenzisa zichazwe ngokucacile kuzincomo. Asikho isidingo sokwandisa ukuqoqwa kwezixazululo: ngeke kulethe umphumela obulindelekile.

Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokulawula

Endlini yomuntu siqu, esizeni esinqunyelwe izingxenye ezingamakhulu amaningana, kungcono ukungasebenzisi amalungiselelo amakhemikhali. Ngokuphuthuma nalabo abakholelwa kuphela kuzinyathelo zokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali, le mithi elandelayo inganconywa ngezansi.

Kepha khumbula! amakhemikhali anobuthi kubantu, izinsalela zawo ziyakwazi ukuqongelela ezitshalweni zasengadini. Lesi sifo sivela kancane futhi singabonakali ngokushesha, njengobuthi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenza ngamakhemikhali ngokucophelela, ubheka izindlela zokuphepha zomuntu siqu nangokuhambisana nezincomo.

Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sendiza yokuqala yezimvemvane (lapho izinga lokushisa selisethwe ngenhla + 12 ... + 15 ° C), amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali i-Decis, iFury, iKarate, iProteus, iFas, iSherpa, i-Arrivo, i-Inta-VIR, i-Strela, Umdlalo, iKarbofos isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwezitshalo. Ehlobo ehlobo, iZolon, Danadim, Fufanon, Dursban nazo ziyanconywa.

Sebenzisa amakhemikhali ekwelapheni izitshalo kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2 ngesizini. Ukucutshungulwa kokugcina kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-30- 40 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Amakhemikhali awasetshenziselwa izitshalo ezinezikhathi zokukhula ezimfishane. Zonke izindlela zokwelapha zenziwa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezincomo.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayeluleka ukuthi bangafafazi izitshalo zemifino ngamashuni, kodwa nquma kahle isithako sokhula esithandwayo (i-gauze emhlophe noma evamile, ihlwanyele, iboshwe), siyicubungule (ngokwesibonelo, i-decis) bese siyibeka ezungeze imibhede.

Izindlela zabantu zomzabalazo

Izindlela zokuphatha abantu zisuselwa "kwimikhuba" yezinambuzane.

Ababekezeleli iphunga lamakhambi ezinambuzane nezinqumo zazo.
Bakhangwa iphunga likhula lwabo oluthandayo lwezimbali nezitshalo eziqhakazayo eziqhakazayo.

Ama-Butterflies scoop awabekezeleli iphunga le-anyanisi, amaqabunga e-burdock, iziqongo zamazambane, imicibisholo yegalikhi, umhlonyane. Ukumiliselwa kulungiselelwe ngesilinganiso se-1: 2-3. Thela ingxenye eyodwa yesitshalo sezinambuzane (imbiza egcwele ngokuqinile) enezingxenye ezingama-2-3 zamanzi abilayo, faka izinsuku ezingama-2-3, thela amalitha ama-4-5. Dissolve 25-30 g of insipho yokufakelwa eyosiwe (ukuthola ukunamathela okungcono), izitshalo zokufafaza. Ukufafaza kungaphindwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10.

Iphunga le-calendula, i-cilantro, i-basil, ongatshala ngalo imibhede noma ulutshale phakathi kwezilimo zemifino, uxosha butterflies.

Ungasebenzisa ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yamakhambi amaningi, ama-insecticides. Khumbula! Akuwona wonke amakhambi amukelekile ukusetshenziselwa, ngoba nawo angaba ubuthi obuqinile obangela ubuthi (i-aconite, i-dope, njll.).