IMesembryanthemum (Mesembryanthemum) isitshalo esimnandi sonyaka noma se-biennial esiyilungu lomndeni wama-Azazela. Ngokwemvelo, itholakala eNingizimu Afrika. Lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngokuthi yi-mesembryanthemum ngonyaka we-1684, kusuka esiGrekini leli gama lihunyushwa ngokuthi "imbali yasemini", ngoba i-mesembryanthema eyayaziwa ngalesosikhathi yayihlangene nesici esinjengokuvulwa kwezimbali kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Lesi sitshalo sibizwa nangokuthi "ntambama", noma "sunflower". Kepha ngo-1719, izinhlobo zezilwane zatholakala ziqhakaza kuphela ebusuku. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlangana kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezingama-50 kuya kwezingu-80.
Izici zeMesembryanthemum
I-genus mesembryanthemum imelelwa izitshalo ezinwabuzelayo ezingatheni kakhulu noma ezinwabuzelayo, futhi kwezinye izikhathi izihlahlana ezinokuphakama okungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15. Izindebe eziphakeme kakhulu zivame ukuqondile. Amapuleti amaqabunga enyama angashisi anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anomumo wefusiform noma oyindilinga. Engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu zibekwa ngokulandelayo, futhi ngaphansi - okuphambene. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga kukhona amangqamuzana angenasisekelo okuvuvukala okubizwa ngokuthi ama-idioblasts abukeka njengamabhola amancane ekhristalu, ngenxa yalokhu, leli siko libizwa nangokuthi i-ice noma i-crystal grass. Izimbali zesitshalo esinjalo ziyefana nama-daisies. Aqoqwe ngemabhulashi, kepha angashada. Izimbali zipendiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene: zimhlophe, zipinki, zibomvu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziphuzi. Isitshalo esinjalo siqhakaza kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo, futhi siqhakaza maphakathi nekwindla. Izithelo ziyibhokisi elinamaqabunga amahlanu, ngaphakathi kwalo okuyimbewu encane. Bahlala basebenza iminyaka eyi-1-2. Akhula amasiko la ngaphakathi kwezimo zangaphakathi nasenhlabathini evulekile.
Nakekela i-mesembryanthem ekhaya
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-mesembryanthem ngokushesha enhlabathini kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, izithombo zezitshalo ezinjalo zikhula kuqala, kuyilapho ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Akusizi ngalutho ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambili, ngoba izithombo zidinga inani elikhulu lokukhanya. Ukuze ukhule izithombo, uzodinga ingxube yomhlabathi okhanyayo, okufanele ube nesihlabathi esihlanganayo, i-peat kanye nenhlabathi yengadi (2: 2: 1).
I-substrate kumele ihlaselwe magciwane ngaphambi kokutshala, ngoba lokhu kubalwa kuhhavini noma kuchithwe ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Lapho-ke ingaphezulu lengxube yenhlabathi iyavezwa futhi ihlanzwe endaweni efudumele izinsuku eziyi-15, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho ama-bacterium azuzisayo adingeka izitshalo kufanele ande engxenyeni engaphansi. Imbewu kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwengxube yenhlabathi, okumele ikhiqizwe ngaphambi kwalokho, bese icindezelwa okuncane ku-substrate, kepha kungambozwa nge-substrate. Isitsha sidinga ukumbozwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu, bese sihlanza endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle (degrees 15-16 degrees) ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-7, izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele, lapho lokhu kwenzeka, isitshalo sivunwa endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-10 kuye kwayi-12 degrees). Ukuvela okuningi kwezithombo kwenzeka kuphela emavikini angama-3-4.
Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithombo ezintekenteke kuhamba kancane kakhulu, futhi futhi azinakho ukumelana nokubola kwezimpande, kulokhu, ukuze kukhule izithombo zesiko elinjalo, kufanele kuniselwe kahle. I-greenhouse lapho izithombo zikhula kufanele zingene kahle, ngenkathi ingxube yenhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane. Ukuze u-moisturize kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isifutho. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sesikhulile, futhi ngamunye enza amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2, kufanele afakelwe iziqukathi ngokuqondene nezitsha ngazinye (izinkomishi zepulasitiki noma amabhodwe) agcwele ngengxube efanayo yenhlabathi, kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kufanele kube nesihlabathi esiningi kuso. Akudingekile ukondla isitshalo esinjalo ngesikhathi sokuzalela.
Ukutshala ngaphandle nokunakekela i-mesembryanthemum
Isikhathi sokutshala
Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo ze-mesembryantemum kufanele zitshalwe kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amafrikhisi entwasahlobo abuyayo ashiywe futhi isimo sezulu esifudumele sisetha, ngenkathi umhlaba kufanele ufudunyezwe kahle, njengomthetho, kulokhu uwela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni.
Ukuze ukhule isiko elinjalo, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe indawo engena komoya enesivikelo esithembekile emisebenzini engapheli futhi ekhanyiswa yilanga cishe usuku lonke. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi izimbali ezinjalo zizokhula endaweni eyakhiwe eningizimu yengadi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ngamadwala noma ngesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuqala, kufanele ugaye umhlabathi, ngenkathi kudingekile ukwenza ubumba olwandisiwe, kanye nesihlabathi. Lesi sitshalo asinconywa ukuthi sitshale eduze kwezilimo ezithanda umswakama, iqiniso ukuthi enhlabathini enomswakama ngokweqile izihlahla ziyabola.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ukukhula kwe-mesembryanthemum engadini yakho kulula kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala, esizeni esilungiselelwe, kuyadingeka ukwenza izimbobo zokufika, ngenkathi ukujula kwawo kufanele kube njalo ukuze akwazi ukulingana ne-raspberry kanye ne-clod yomhlaba nezimpande. Phakathi kwemigodi, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Isikhala samahhala emigodini yokutshala ngemuva kokutshala izithombo kumele imbozwe ngenhlabathi evulekile yomswakama. Lapho izitshalo sezitshaliwe, inhlabathi idinga ukuniselwa futhi inyathelwe kancane.
Ungayinakekela kanjani engadini
Ukunisela izimbali ezinjalo kumele kube okulinganiselayo futhi okufika ngesikhathi. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela lapho inhlabathi yomile futhi kuzobonakala ukuthi izihlahla zinenkinga yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Uma lina kaningi ehlobo, khona-ke isiko elinjalo lingahlupheka kakhulu, kulokhu, ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi esimweni sezulu esinetha ukumboza leyo ndawo ngefilimu, ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi ngeke ibe manzi emanzini. Iziza zivundisa isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Okondla, kusetshenziswa isisombululo samanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezitshalo ezinempilo.
Awudingi ukuncipha izihlahla, kunalokho, amahlumela aqhakaza izimbali esakhiweni aphendukisa imbali ibe ikhaphethi enemibala egqamile. Uma uzinakekela kahle izihlahla, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwazo kungahlala kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekwindla.
Ubusika
Amabhasi ebusika kumele akhishwe enhlabathini, ngenkathi wonke umhlaba owedlulele kumele ususwe ohlelweni lwezimpande. Zigcinelwe ukugcinwa endaweni epholile (ukusuka kuma-degree ayishumi kuya kwayi-12), ngenkathi entwasahlobo, lapho kuqala unyaka wokukhula, izihlahla kufanele zisikwe. Ukhula lwenqubo yokusika kwezitshalo kufanele lwenziwe ngokunisela okungekuhle futhi ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo okuthe xaxa, futhi lapho isithwathwa isidlulile, kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-mesembryanthemum
Isifo
Lapho ikhule enhlabathini evulekile, leli siko limelana ngokulingana nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Imvamisa, ihlupheka ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingesihle, noma kunalokho, ikhulisa umswakama noma ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele. Uma ukuzuma komswakama kubonakala emhlabathini, khona-ke izihlahla zingathinteka ngokubola kwezimpande, ngenkathi kucishe kube nzima ukwelapha izitshalo ezinesifo. Unganciphisa izindawo ezithintekile zohlelo lwezimpande bese ufafaza izihlahla ngesikhunta, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuzisize.
Uma izihlahla zitshalwe endaweni enomthunzi, khona-ke ngeke ziqhakaze, ngoba zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi, ngenkathi imisebe eqondile ayilimazi nakancane. Uma i-mesembryanthemum ingenakukhanya, izokhula futhi ibonakale ibuhlungu. Futhi, izihlahla ziba zincane uma zintula izakhamzimba eziqukethwe emhlabathini.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi
Ama-spider mites angahlala emithini, ancamela ukuhlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ne-mesembriantemum, kepha lezi zinambuzane zingahlupheka ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Ukuqeda imikhaza, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-acaricides, isibonelo, i-Aktara, iFitoverm, isi-Aktellik noma isi-Akarin.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mesembryanthemum ngezithombe namagama
Abalimi namuhla bahlakulela inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-mesembryanthemum, incazelo yabo izonikezwa ngezansi.
I-Mesembryanthemum crystal (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)
Noma i-mesembryanthem crystallinum, noma i-crystal utshani. Lolu hlobo luvela ogwadule lwaseNingizimu Afrika. I-perennial ebanzi kangaka isakazeka ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15. Unenqwaba yamahlumela ahlobisa amapuleti amancane angenamabala anamaqabunga anombala obomvana nombala obomvana, kuyilapho imiphetho yawo ivuma. Izimbali zibukeka ezifanayo kuma-daisies noma ama-daisies. Lo mbono uchazwe ngemininingwane eminingi ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko. Amabanga alandelayo ayathandwa:
- Izinhlansi. Amahlamvu amaqabunga amhlophe qwa. Izimbali zinombala ohlukile, futhi ububanzi zifinyelela cishe ku-45 mm.
- Harlequin. Ama-petals anombala ophindwe kabili, okuyi-pinki ngeorenji.
- ELimpopo. Le nhlanganisela ehlukahlukene ifaka izinhlobo zemibala ehlukahlukene.
I-Grassy Mesembryanthemum (Mesembryanthemum gramineus), noma i-tricolor
Unyaka onjalo onamagatsha afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-12. Amahlumela anombala obomvu ophuzi. Amapuleti amaqabunga amnyama afiphele afinyelela ubude obungu-50 mm, enoboya ebusweni bawo. Umbala wezimbali upende we-carmine pink, eduze nendawo aphakathi nendawo apendwe ngombala wombala omnyama, ubukhulu bufika ku-36 mm.
I-Mesembryanthemum daisy-like (Mesembryanthemum bellidiformis), noma i-mesembryanthemum enoboya
Isitshalo esinamagatsha anamanzi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Ubude bamapuleti anamaqabunga anamaqabunga acishe abe ngu-75 mm, banesimo se-obovate, futhi ebusweni babo kukhona ama-papillas. Izimbali ububanzi zingafika ku-30- 40 mm, zipendwe ngombala opinki, o-orenji, onsomi okhanyayo, obomvu, o-apricot, ophuzi noma onsomi. Ukuvezwa kwabo kwenzeka kuphela ngosuku oluhle.
Amafu e-Mesembryanthemum (Mesembryanthemum nubigenum)
Le emnandi itshalwa njenge-buthuli, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo iyi-shrub. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahluka kusuka ku-60 kuye ku-100 mm. Amapuleti amaqabunga anokuma okusaqanda noma okuqondile. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, izihlahla zidwetshwe ngombala wethusi. Izinhlobo ziluhlobo lweqhwa futhi zinesikhathi esifushane sokuqhakaza. Ama-aphondo amancane anombala onsundu angaba ngumbala ophuzi-wegolide, owolintshi, obomvu noma onsomi. Ububanzi bezimbali bubalelwa ku-35 mm.
Mesembryanthemum ocular (Mesembryanthemum occulatus)
Izinhlobo zinombala ongajwayelekile, ochaza ukuthandwa kwawo okukhulu kubalimi. Ama-petals aphuzi aphuzi, kanye nokugcwala, ipestle kanye nendawo yenhloko ekhanyayo ibomvu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayishumi. Ubude bamapuleti we-scapular-lanceolate sheet yi-10-45 mm.
