Ama-Blueberries aluhlobo olukhulu, kufaka phakathi omude (ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili) namafomu amancanyana. Ezindaweni ezinokushisa okushisayo phakathi nesikhathi sasehlobo kanye nesithwathwa esinamandla ebusika, i-blueberry ejwayelekile, evumelana kahle nezimo zezulu, ibhekwa njengenhlobo yesiko ethembisa kakhulu.
Iyamelana nokubanda nemiphumela yesikhunta, kepha futhi inezithiyo zayo, eziboniswa ekukhuleni okuphansi (kufinyelela kumitha eli-1) nesivuno esingesihle (kufika ku-1 kg ukusuka esihlahleni). Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zama-blueberries zifundwa ngenkuthalo ngenhloso yokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene zeRussian Federation.
Izinhlobonhlobo zama-blueberries
Ama-Blueberries lukhula ngohlobo cishe kuyo yonke insimu yaseRussia Federation. Ithanda izindawo ezikhanyayo futhi iyakwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi nasemhlabathini owomile wezintaba (ngisho nenhlabathi emibi kakhulu futhi ene-acid kufanelekile), ibonisa ukumelana nokubanda okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokwesibonelo, ama-blueberries.
Amagatsha e-shrub anamandla, anamagatsha aqinayo anamagxolo ansundu noma amnyama grey namahlumela aluhlaza. Izimbali zaso zisezinsimbi zazefika ku-6 cm ubude zazehlela eziqongweni zamagatsha zonyaka odlule. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avela minyaka yonke, ahlukile ngesimo, amade kakhulu, inyanga eyodwa nesigamu ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Ama-blueberries ajwayelekile abonakala ngokuphila isikhathi eside esihlahleni - cishe iminyaka eyi-100. Uqala ukuthela izithelo, aze afinyelele eminyakeni eyi-11-18, ama-200 g ngesihlahla ngasinye.
Amabhuleki amade - “Dadewethu” wesibhakabhaka ojwayelekile, okhula eNyakatho Melika ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kanye namaxhaphozi. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokukhula okuphezulu (kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2) nokukhiqiza (ama-10 kg esihlahleni ngasinye e-USA, 0.5-7 kg ezimeni zethu), futhi ngenxa yalokho le nhlobo isetshenziswa kabanzi kwezimboni nasekhaya. ezivandeni. Abantu baseMelika bayayithanda le berry emnandi futhi enhle ngisho nangaphezu kwama-blackcurrants.
I-Blueberry Blucrop - Izinhlobonhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezithandwayo, ezibonakaliswa ngokuvuthwa engxenyeni yesibini yehlobo kanye nezidingo zokuthenwa okunamandla. Iyamelana neqhwa, kepha ihlaselwa isomiso kancane, izala kahle. Amajikijolo ayalingana, ngesimo sebhola, embozwe ngentambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enza amakhemikhali futhi anambitheka kakhulu, omabili ngendlela yawo yemvelo nangemva kokucutshungulwa.
Blueberry Patriot - Izinhlobo ezicebile kakhulu zezilimo zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza izithelo eziningi, umkhiqizo ungafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-7-8 kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa. Izithelo ezinkulu ezinamanzi zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuvelele, kuyilapho ihlathi ngokwalo liphansi futhi liqinile.
Le blueeberry iyakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa le--35 ℃, futhi amagatsha ayo aguqukayo akaqhekeki ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa, futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhethelwa kakhulu ukulinyelwa ezifundeni zasempumalanga ezinobusika obunzima. Izinhlobonhlobo zisinda kubi emhlabathini onzima futhi omanzi.
Blueberry Duke - futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala nokuvumela okuphezulu, kepha ngokumelana nesithwathwa esisezingeni eliphansi kuqhathaniswa nenkomba yangaphambilini - kufika ku-29 ℃. Ezimweni ezinhle zokukhula zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5-1.8.
Ukuze ulondoloze usayizi wesithelo sonke, lokhu kuhlukahluka kumele kuthenwe njalo - kaningi ukwedlula abanye. Amajikijolo anambitheke ngokunambitheka ahlanganiswe ngosayizi futhi afanelekile ukuqhwa. I-Blueberry Duke, ingatshalwa ezindaweni ezinkulu.
I-Blueberries spartan ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile futhi kubonakalwakwamabhushi aqinile aneziqu ezinde. Naphezu kobunzima bokuzala kabusha okuhambisana nenani elincane leziqu, izinhlobonhlobo azivumelani nokubanda. Izithelo maphakathi nohlobo namajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aqhakaza kakhulu, okumele aqoqwe okungenani kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ukuvikela ukuchitheka.
Blueberry Toro - Isihlahla samamitha ama-2 sinezithelo ezinkulu nokukhiqiza okukhulu. Uyakwazi ukumelana nokubanda kuze kufike ku-30 ℃.
Blueberry nelson - mude futhi sisakazeka kabanzi, ukukhula ngenyanga yokugcina yehlobo. Izithelo zinamajikijolo amakhulu ngesimo sebhola elithambile, elingakwazi ukubambelela esihlahleni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhubeka. Isihlahla sihlobisa kakhulu.
Blueberries Northland - Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa ezihambelana ngokuphelele negama lazo ngenxa yamandla alo okubekezelela ukubanda kuze kufike ku-40 ℃. Izihlahla ezincanyana ukuphakama (amamitha ayi-1,2) nokho zingagabisa ukuqina kwesilimo esincanyana (kufinyelela ku-17 mm), kepha azikho izithelo ezimnandi kulokhu.
Blueberry Chandler - Izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe kakhulu zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Ububanzi bamajikijolo amnandi agcotshisiwe angaba ngu-3.5 cm, angaqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokuvunwa okuningana ekugcineni kwengxenye yokuqala yehlobo.
Blueberry Elizabeth - Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi emnandi, eboniswa yisikhathi sokuvuthwa okumaphakathi. Amabhasi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,8 aphezulu anika izithelo nawo, anikeza ithuba lokujabulela amajikijolo amasha amasonto amabili. Izinhlobonhlobo zizala kahle, kepha lokhu akusebenzi enhlabathini enomdlandla ne-alkaline, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kuphazamiseka kakhulu.
Blueberry Chippewa iqine kakhulu - isilinganiso sayo ngu-38 38. Kulokhu, izinhlobonhlobo ziyazichamela futhi zingatshalwa esitsheni.
Idada le-Blueberry 1.5-2.1 metres ukukhula okuphezulu engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Akufani ngokuqina kwezitshalo, kepha kusuka esihlahleni ungawaqoqa kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 kg amajikijolo amnandi. Izithelo zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, zifinyelela ku-2 cm ubukhulu bese ziqhuma kalula.
Blueberry Bluegold - Uhlobo olunezithelo eziphakeme ezivuthwa kusenesikhathi. Kwakha izihlahla ezinamamitha ayisigamu nesigamu esidinga ukugawulwa njalo. Ama-1.8-centimeter amajikijolo abonakala nge-tint ejulile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enamabala angaphezulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphunga elikhanyayo nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, okungazizwa kuqale maphakathi nehlobo.
Ngenxa yobulukhuni bakhona obusezingeni eliphezulu ebusika, izinhlobonhlobo zinezithelo ngisho nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kuyilapho enye yezimpawu zayo ezihlukile, ezibonakala ekutsheni ngokushesha kwezithelo, kufanele zibhekwe, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo sasehlobo. Ngalesi sizathu, isivuno kufanele sivunwe ngesikhathi, sikuvimbele ekuqothuleni nasekulahlekelweni kokunambitheka nokuchithela okulandelayo.
Blueberry Nord Izwe Ungu-hybrid oqinile omfishane ongadluli kubude be-1 imitha futhi unikeza izithelo ezivuthiwe maphakathi nehlobo. Izithelo ezinemibala ekhanyayo enephunga elithandekayo ziqoqwa ngenani le-2-2,5 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikiswa okukhulu kwezilokazane nokubanda. Futhi, akuyona into emnandi ngokomhlabathi futhi inekhwalithi emnandi yokuhlobisa ekwindla ukufaka imibala kulawo mahlamvu ngezimpawu ezinhle zewayini.
I-Blueberry Bluery nesikhathi esimaphakathi sokuvuthwa, sakha amabhulashi asontekile wezithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziqala ukuqoqa maphakathi no-Agasti. Isihlahla esisodwa siletha kuze kube ngu-2.7 kg wesithelo esimnandi esingu-1.7-centimeter. Isihlahla uqobo sikhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-1,8 ukuphakama.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwe-Blueberry
Ukutshala ama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engadini kunquma ukulungiswa kwendawo, okungafani kakhulu ngezimo nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo yalesi sitshalo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi i- “home” aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayithandi ukuqina kwamanzi angaphezulu, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zasendle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungadinga ukukhishwa amanzi, futhi kangcono futhi utshale i-blueberry egqumeni - igquma elincane.
Ukunisela aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ukunisela kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ngamanzi e-acidified, okubandakanya ithisipuni elilodwa le-citric acid elihlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ama-Blueberries adinga kakhulu umswakama phakathi nesikhathi sokuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izithelo zivuthwa, kepha awukwazi ukukusebenzisa, ngoba lokhu kungadala ukubola kwezimpande.
Ngaphandle kwemvula yasekwindla, ngeke kulimaze ukufeza ukunisela okushaja amanzi, okugcwala yonke impande ngomswakama, esimweni se-blueberries cm 40. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuthulula amalitha wamanzi angaphansi kwama-60 echibini ngalinye.
I-Blueberry Primer
Okwe-blueberries, ukuphefumula, i-acidic (pH 3.8-5), inhlabathi evundile, enesihlabathi esifanelekile. Izitshalo ezikhombisa izinkomba, okuthi kulokhu ziboshwe ngamahhashi, izimbuzane kanye ne-sorrel, zingakhombisa izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwama-blueberries enhlabathini ethile.
Uhla olungenhla lwe-acidity yenhlabathi lubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba noma i-pH ingama-6, ama-blueberries azokhula ngesivinini esincanyana, okubuye kwandiswe kakhulu kungathathi hlangothi futhi, ikakhulukazi, nenhlabathi ye-alkaline.
Ukufakwa kwe-Blueberry
Uma kuba nesidingo sokufakelwa isitshalo esidala sokufaka izithelo, kubalulekile ukwenza umgodi wokujula wenhlabathi bese uhlola izinga lomhlabathi endaweni eklanyelwe ukufakelwa.
Ubukhulu bomgodi wokufika kufanele okungenani bube ngu-60x50 cm, futhi phansi nezindonga kufanele kukhululwe ngokuphelele. Cishe i-50 g yesibabule iyanconywa ingxube yenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokuqeda inqubo yokufakelwa, kufanelekile ukuthi unakekele ukuvikela izitshalo elangeni futhi uzinisele kakhulu.
Umanyolo we-Blueberry
Kuyaluleka ukuhlanganisa ukutshala ama-blueberries kanye nokufakwa komanyolo, okuyisisekelo sawo kungamaminerali, kuyilapho ama-organics amaningi amakhulu aphikiswa ngokuphelele.
Imvamisa, ama-50-60 g we-superphosphate, i-15- 35 g ye-magnesium ne-1-2 g yengxube yezinto ezilandelwayo inikezwa isitshalo ngasinye. I-nitrogen ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi idinga ukondliwa ngezindlela ezi-3 - ama-40% entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu), ama-35% ekuqaleni kukaMeyi kanye nama-25% asele ngemuva kokuqala kwehlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma i-mulch iqukethe i-sawdust entsha, i-nitrogen kumele isetshenziswe ngobuningi. I-Potassium ngesimo sulfate nayo ilusizo kuma-blueberries, anele ngobuningi be-30-45 g ngehlahla ngalinye.
Ukuthena kwe-Blueberry
Ama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amade agawulwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Yilawo mabhushi kuphela asefinyelele eminyakeni engama-6-7 ubudala okufanele aphinde aqalwe kabusha, ashiye okungenani amahlumela eneminyaka eyi-5.
Isihlahla esiminyene kakhulu kudingeka ukuthi sinwetshwe. Izinhlobo eziphakeme ze-blueberries prune zibe nzima ngokwengeziwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula.
Ilungiselela ama-blueberries ebusika
I-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-blueberries iphakeme kangangokuba ibekezelela kalula izikhathi ezibandayo ngamazinga okushisa angama-25 ℃ noma ngaphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkomba ingangezelelwa ngokwengeziwe ngokubheka umthamo oncishisiwe we-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokufaka umquba, ikakhulukazi uma ukuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuphelile - lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhula kweziqu ekwindla sekwedlule isikhathi.
Ukuvikelwa kungadingeka kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwe sekwephuzile, amajikijolo awo angalimaza isithwathwa, futhi ukugwema lokhu, izihlahla zimbozwe ngento ekhanyayo engakhi. Ezimweni zobusika obubandayo obukhulu obungenawo amaqhwa, ungabopha ukhipha izingongolo ngamagatsha e-spruce noma uzimboze nge-burlap.
Ukukhula ngama-blueberries kusuka embewini
Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry ngembewu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imbewu etholakala kumajikijolo amahle avuthiwe ngokugcwele. Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwembewu, yomile, kwathi ekwindla batshalwe esakhiweni ngemisele yemijondolo.
Ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zikhule (emva kweminyaka embalwa), amahlumela kufanele agcinwe ukhula, amunyiswe futhi adliwe, futhi emva kokuba isitshalo esisha sidluliselwe endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Blueberry ngezinsika
Ukuzala kabusha ngezimpande ezisikiwe ziqala ngokulungiselela kwazo ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ukwehlukanisa isibambo kumzali, kufakwa esihlabathini bese kubekwa endaweni epholile. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ngokunakekela ngokucophelela, isiqu sizoshintsha sibe yisithombo esihle, sitshale okuyinto emhlabathini ovulekile, ungalindela isivuno ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu sitholakala njengomdlavuza obangelwa yisikhunta esithile. Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo sesilonda esinjalo ukubonakala kwezindawo ezincane ezibomvu amahlumela namaqabunga, okuthi, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, akhule, athole ukwakheka okusaqanda nombala onsundu-esifubeni.
Umphumela ungaba ukufa kwesiqu. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo ehlobo, lapho kuvezwa izimbangela zesikhunta ukubonakala kwamabala ansundu ayindilinga emaqabungeni nge-halo ekhanyayo ebomvu raspberry. Imvamisa, umdlavuza obangela ukufa kwezilwane ezincane.
Ungakuvimbela ngokungatshali ama-blueberries ezindaweni ezinamanzi futhi ngaphandle kokwethula amanani amaningi omanyolo we-nitrogen, nangokuthena okuqinile kwesihlahla nokushiswa kweziqu ezinegciwane.
Emzabalazweni wokulwa nalesi sifo, ukwelashwa ngesixazululo se-topsin esingu-0,2% nesixazululo se-euparen esinezimpande ezintathu ngesilinganiso seviki ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kanye nenani elifanayo ngemuva kokuvunwa kubonakalise kahle. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokwelashwa okuphindwe kabili kathathu nge-Bordeaux ketshezi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhakaze nasekwindla emva kokuwa kwawo.
Uma ama-blueberries awakhuli, okukhombisa izimpawu zokufiphala, lokhu kungakhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithinteka kwesinye sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma i-mycoplasma. Kulokhu, ukususwa okuphelele komfanekiso onesifo ngokushisa kwawo okulandelayo kuyadingeka.
Blueberries izakhiwo ewusizo futhi contraindication
Ukuvela kokwakhiwa kwama-blueberries kungenxa yobukhona bamavithamini amaningi abalulekile kubantu, kufaka phakathi A, B1, B2, I-PP, To, P futhi ascorbic acid. Inothi elithile ama-anthocyanins, ama-blueberries aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu uma uqhathanisa nama-blueberries.
Lezi zingxube zinikeza ama-blueberries anti-cancer kanye nezindawo zokulwa nokuguga. Kodwa-ke, abantu abahlushwa yizifo zamapheshana angasebenzi kahle, ukudla ama-blueberries akunconyiwe.
I-Blueberry pie
Iphayi “lesiFinnish” elinama-blueberries lizohlobisa noma yiliphi itafula ngobukhona balo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, aludingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Izithako:
- I-150 g blueberries (okusha noma eqandisiwe),
- 150 g ufulawa
- 150 g ama-alimondi
- 100 g bhotela,
- 100 g ushizi wekhishi,
- 100 g ushukela
- I-200 g kokhilimu omuncu (okuqukethwe okunamafutha ku-20-30%),
- Iqanda eli-1
- Amaqanda ama-3,
- 1 ingcosana kasawoti nohhafu wepanini le-vanillin.
Ukuthola inhlama, udinga ukugaya uthele ufulawa, ushizi we-cottage shizi, ibhotela, ama-alimondi nosawoti endishini, bese uwaxuba ne-mixer bese wengeza iqanda. Inhlama ephumayo kufanele ithululelwe isikhunta ephepheni lokubhaka, egwayi ezindaweni eziningana futhi iqandwe imizuzu engama-40-60.
Ukugcwaliswa kulungiselelwe epuletini kusekwe izikhupha ezintathu, ukhilimu omuncu, i-vanilla noshukela bese kuthululelwa kwinhlama, khona-ke ama-blueberries asakazeka kuwo. Ngale fomu, ikhekhe lithunyelwa ukubhaka kuhhavini, lifuthelwe ku-180 ℃, imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Ukugcwaliswa kweqhwa kuzobonisa ukuthi iphayi isilungile, kepha ngaphambi kokudla idinga ukupholisa kancane.
Ijamu le-Blueberry
I-Blueberry jam idinga okuncane kakhulu izithako:
- 1 kg wezithelo ezintsha;
- 800 g ushukela;
- 1.5 izinkomishi zamanzi.
Amajikijolo kufanele agezwe kahle, avuthiwe, kepha angabi ngaphezulu. Bafakwa esitsheni esingenamuntu, linda kuze kube yilapho ukwakheka okumnandi kusekelwe emanzini noshukela kubilisiwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi amajikijolo athululwe ngesakhiwo esishisayo futhi ingxubevunyelwe ivunyelwe ukumnika amahora ama-2. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha esinamajikijolo silethwa esimweni sokulungela isitofu esivuthayo. Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa izimbiza zejam ngenkathi kusashisa.
