Ukutshala izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile engadini akuyona ibhizinisi elilula nelinzima. Okokuqala, udinga ukugaya inhlabathi ngokujulile, utshale imbewu, futhi uqinisekise ukuthambisa okuqhubekayo. Ukhula kaningana phakathi nenkathi futhi uqiniseke ukwenza ukuncipha.
Ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bezokulima bukhula njalo. Abalimi abazelwe ngokwemvelo bathola isivuno esihle sokototi ngaphandle kokumba emhlabathini nokunisela kaningi. Banolwazi lokulungiselela, ukuhlwanyela imbewu, enikeza izithombo ezinhle, ezisheshayo. Yini okudingeka yenziwe ukuze kugwenywe izindleko zabasebenzi ezingadingekile futhi kukhule isivuno esihle kakhulu sezitshalo ezimpandeni?
Isikhathi sokutshala izaqathe
Izinhlobo zez izaqathe zihlukile ngokwemigomo yokuvuthwa kwekhalenda. Isikhwama sembewu sihlukaniswe izigaba zokuvuthwa:
- Ekuseni
- Isizini ephakathi
- Ukuhamba kwesikhathi
Ukutshala isivuno sezimpande kancane kancane ngezigaba eziningana kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ngaphandle komthungo izitshalo ezintsha zezimpande.
Hlwanyela izaqathe kathathu ngesizini:
- Ukuqala kwentwasahlobo kokutshala. Igama lesiko lokutshala izithombo zezimpande Iqala ngo-Ephreli kusuka maphakathi nenyanga futhi iqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Imbewu yeklasi lokuqala nelivuthiwe isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ehlobo. Lezi izilimo zezimpande azilungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni, usungavele usebenzise imifino emisha. Izaqathi ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekwindla zivunwa ngo-Agasti.
- Ukutshala kwehlobo. Izilimo ezidwetshiwe zitshalwe kusukela kuqale ishumi lesibili likaJuni. Imbewu yokuvuthwa okuphakathi noku sekwephuzile iyasetshenziswa. Ngokokuqala ngqa ezinyangeni zokuwa, izaqathi zigcinwa.
- Ukuhlwitha ebusika. Umbhede wokutshala ubekwa kahle endaweni enelanga. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba ngemuva kosuku lweshumi nanhlanu bese kuphela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ukuvunwa kuzotholakala ezinyangeni zokuqala zasentwasahlobo.
Ungakhulisa kanjani ukuhluma kwezinhlamvu zembewu ye-karoti kuya ku-100%
Cishe wonke umhlali wasehlobo uba nobunzima ngokuhluma kwezitshalo zezimpande izaqathi. Amacala walokhu athathwa njengabathengisi, kanye nabakhiqizi bezinto zembewu. Inkinga yokuhluma ngokuvamile ayinciki ezingeni lekhwalithi yembewu.
Ukuqinisekisa izithombo eziyikhulu zamaphesenti, kubalulekile ukwenza amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokutshala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbewu ifaka uwoyela wama-ester. Bazivikela ekuvukeni ngesikhathi esomile.
Susa amafutha abalulekile ngokugeza imbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, afakwa esikhwameni se-gauze noma sendwangu futhi afakwe kumgqomo wamanzi. Amanzi kufanele afudunyezwe kumadigri angama-45-50. Isikhwama siqhume kakhulu emanzini. Imbewu ipholile bese igeza futhi emanzini apholile. Ngemuva kwalezi zinqubo, kufanele zomiswe ngokubeka ngendwangu. Ukwenza ngcono umphumela, le nqubo ingaphindwa. Ekupheleni kokuhlwanyela, kutholakala amahlumela amahle, avela ngosuku lwesine, lwesihlanu.
Ukulungiselela imibhede nokutshala imbewu
Ukukhula kahle izaqathi kudinga inhlabathi enobuhlwathi. Kungenzeka yini ukwenza ngaphandle kokumba umhlaba? Kunezindlela eziningana zokulungiselela ukhakhayi:
Ukulungiselela usebenzisa i-mulching. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela wenziwa ekwindla. Isigaxa sezilimo eziyizimpande zezaqathi simbozwe: amaqabunga, utshani, ukhula, iziqongo zobhontshisi, utamatisi, iklabishi kanye namakhukhamba. Isembozo esisetshenzisiwe kufanele sibe amasentimitha angama-20. Ngaphambi kokutshala entwasahlobo noma ehlobo, isembozo semboza se-mulch, sibolile noma sipakishwa, siyakhululwa esihlangwini. Inhlabathi izogcina izimfanelo zayo ezikhululekile kanye nomswakama.
Imigqa yenziwa ngomsiki wendiza noma umsiki ojwayelekile. Ibhodi enobubanziamasentimitha ayi-10 icindezelwa emhlabathini, ukuze kutholakale ukucindezelwa kwesenti nesigamu kuya kwamasentimitha amabili. Umugqa onamanzi amaningi futhi unyathela kancane. Lokhu kuzovumela imbewu ukuthi iwele futhi ihlangane ndawonye.
Imbewu ihlakazeka ngokungahleliwe phezu kwemigqa ebanzi etholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisatshalaliswa ngokulingene, ezingeke zitholakale lapho kuhlwanyelwa kugologo oluncane. Uma kukhona ukungabaza mayelana namahlumela aminyene, kufanele uhlanganise imbewu nesihlabathi bese uhlwanyela ngale ngxube. Kulokhu, inkomishi yesihlabathi eyodwa kanye nezipuni zembewu zanele.
Imbewu embozwe ungqimba wesentimitha eyi-1 akuyona into esindayo, evulekile. Njengoba ingasebenza: i-humus, i-vermicompost emanzi ne-coconut substrate, umquba. Angidingi ukunisela ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo.
I-mulch esusiwe ibuyela endaweni yayo futhi ilapho kuze kuhlume imbewu. Lapho kuvela amahlumela ezitshalo zezimpande, ayakhutshwa bese eyisusa inqwaba yomquba noma ibekwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla zamajikijolo. Izaqathi ezisencane ziphinde zigaywe ngoxhaxha lwamamilimitha ayishumi, okusika okusikiwe okusanda kusikwa.
Ukulungiselela nge-siderates. Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ugxathu wenziwa entwasahlobo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lwesinaphi sihlwanyelwa esibondweni esabelwe izaqathe. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokushesha lapho isimo sezulu sivumela lo msebenzi ukuthi uqedwe. Okokuqala ngqa ngoMeyi, lwesinaphi sinqunywa ngomsiki wendiza. Uhlala phezu kogongolo, uchitheke kahle ngokulungiswa yi-EM. Le mishanguzo ingathengwa njengeBaikal, i-Radiance nokunye okunjalo. Futhi, lesi sixazululo singenziwa ngokuzimela. Isigaxa kufanele simbozwe ifilimu elincane. Kuleli fomu, shiya izinsuku eziyi-15-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mustard izosiza ukuvikela izitshalo zezimpande kuma-wireworms.
Ukutshala izaqathe kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nalapho usebenzisa i-mulch.
Ukulungiswa komsele. Umsebenzi wokulungisa umsele ulukhuni. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, umquba uyadingeka. Ukumba umsele ojulile wamasentimitha angama-30 bese uwubeka ngomquba. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuxutshwe nengxenye nesihlabathi. Imisele ebanzi ilungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ibhodi. Imisele iniselwa kakhulu, emva kwalokho imbewu yezimpande ihlwanyelwa. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, umsele kumele uphinde ubekwe ngomquba notshani.
Ukunakekelwa Kwembhede Yombhede
Isitshalo sezimpande siyaniselwa akukho kabili ngesikhathi lapho izithombo zincane futhi zibuthakathaka. Ukunisela kuyaphela ngokuqala kukaJulayi. Imifino idinga ukunikezwa isisusa sokuya ngokujulile ukuze kutholakale umswakama odingekayo ekukhuleni. Kamuva, ukunakekela umbhede wezaqathi kwehla inqubo eyodwa: ukufaka i-mulch kanye ngesonto. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-mulch masonto onke, ngeke kudingekile ukuthi kunikezwe amanzi, kukhululwe, kukhule inhlabathi.
Emhlabeni kuyadingeka ukulawula ubukhona bomswakama, kanye nezakhi zomzimba nokuvimbela ukweqisa. Lokhu kuzovumela izitshalo zezimpande ukuba zikhule kahle, noma ngaphandle kokufiphala kanye nokubukeka okubi. Kungcono ukuvumela ukuthathwa ngokweqile kunokudla ngokweqile kwesitshalo. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, akufanele wenze ukugqokwa okuphezulu okuphezulu ngomlotha, umanyolo we-nitrogen, wenze i-humus ngaphansi kwezimpande, ukhilimu bese uyithela kaningi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izimo ezikahle zenzelwe izaqathi zokukhula ezinhlangothini nasobubanzi, ngoba amanzi avela ekuniseleni nasekusetshenzisweni kokugqoka okuphezulu agcinwa engxenyeni ephezulu yomhlaba.
Abalimi abaningi bayakwazi ukuvikela izilimo zezimpande ezinambuzaneni ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Kunezindlela ezifakazelwe, ezilula zokugcina izinambuzane zingasebenzi engadini. Kwanele ukwenza lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Hlwanyela izaqathe ngemuva kokuba izimpukane zekhathuni zinyamalale lapho kuqhakaza izimbali.
- Mboza izitshalo zekherothi zakuqala ngendwangu engalukwanga.
- Prakthiza izilimo ezixubile (iparsley, u-anyanisi, nezinye izitshalo zezimpande), lokhu kuzodida inkathazo.
- Nihlwanyele ama-carrot ridges ngomquba oluhlaza ekwindla.
Ukuvuna Izaqathi
Izaqathi, njengayo yonke eminye imifino yezimpande, kufanele zivunwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma kwenzeka ukuvuna kuqala, sizibeka engcupheni yokuthola i-unsweetened, hhayi izaqathe ezihlwabusayo kakhulu. Uma siqinisa isivuno, isivuno siyogcinwa kahle, futhi silinyazwe izilokazane ezahlukahlukene. Ukunquma isikhathi sokuvunwa okufika ngesikhathi, kubalulekile ukubala usuku lokuvuna okuhleliwe kusengaphambili esikhwameni sembewu. Kulokhu, kufanele ugxile esikhathini sokuvuthwa, esikhonjiswe esikhwameni ngembewu.
Uma isikhwama singakhange sisindiswe, kufanele ubheke ngokucophelela iziqukathi zez izaqathi. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuba mnyama, athola amafomu amakhulu, bese lawo aphansi ephenduka aphuzi, manje isikhathi sesifikile sokuvuna. Isikhathi sesifikile hhayi ukuqoqa izilimo zezimpande kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuzithumela ukugcina isikhathi eside emiphongolweni.
