INasturtium (Tropaeolum), ebizwa nangokuthi capuchin, iyilungu lomndeni wakwaNasturtium. Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izitshalo ze-herbaceous, luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-90. Izwe lase-nasturtium liseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, kodwa-ke, selikhulele ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo isikhathi eside, futhi lithandwa kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo asizithobi ezimweni ezikhulayo, futhi sibuye safuna izici zokunambitha nezimpawu zokwelapha. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-nasturtium ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu, futhi ingaba yinto yokuhlobisa yanoma yisiphi isiza sengadi. Lesi sitshalo singeniswe eRussia sisuka eHolland, saqala sabizwa ngokuthi i-capuchin, esihambisana nokwakheka kwembali, efana ne-hood. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo saqala ukubizwa ngokuthi i-nasturtium ngokwengeziwe. Igama lesayensi lesiLatini elithi "Tropaeolum" lanikeza imbali kuKarl Linney.
Izici zeNasturtium
I-Nasturtium isitshalo esingapheli noma sonyaka. Imvamisa lo umvini onamahlumela amnandi, izihlahlana ezijwayelekile. Imvamisa, amapuleti amaqabunga alayishwa ngokuhlukile, onqenqemeni lonke, i-thyroid noma i-palmate. Izimbali ezinamakha zingaphindeka kabili, zilula noma zikhiphe kabili. Ziyi-zygamorphic, azijwayelekile ngesimo, i-axillary ne-bisexual. Kubandakanya amacembe ama-5 (kwezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu), inani elifanayo lamathuna, kanye nethambo elakhiwe njengolayini, ngaphakathi kwalo kukhona umpe. Izimbali zivame kakhulu ukuba ziphuzi ngombala ophuzi noma zibomvu. Ukwakheka kwesibeletho kufaka ama-lobes amathathu enziwe njengamazinyo, futhi kuleyo naleyo mbewu imbewu yesimo sezinso esiyindilinga iyavuthwa.
Amahlumela nezimbali zalesi sitshalo kuhluke ngezokwelapha, kanti futhi zisetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa izitsha ezahlukahlukene zokubasa.
Ukukhula kweNasturtium kusuka kwiMbewu
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukuze kwenziwe kabusha i-nasturtium, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuzala (imbewu). Ukukhulisa isitshalo esinjalo kusuka imbewu kulula. Imbewu yeNasturtium ikhulu impela. Kuhlwanyelwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, kuyilapho amafriji okubuya kufanele ashiywe ngemuva. Yenza izimbobo ezingajulile (cishe ama-20 mm), lapho kufanele kubhekwe ibanga eli-0.25-0.3 m. Ukutshala kwenziwa ngendlela yokuthola izidleke, kuyilapho imbewu engu-3 noma eyi-4 kufanele ifakwe emgodini owodwa. Uma kumakhaza ebusuku, khona-ke indawo enezitshalo imbozwe noma yini esembozekayo (isibonelo, ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki). Izilimo zamanzi kufanele zibe ngamanzi afudumele kuphela. Izithombo zokuqala zizovela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-15.
Ukunakekela izithombo
INasturtium nayo ingatshalwa ngezithombo, lapho izimbali zenzeka khona ngaphambi kwalokho lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile. Ukuze uhlwanyele, udinga ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ezinephansi eliphansi noma i-peat. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, angcwatshwa endaweni engaphansi kuka-20 mm, kuyilapho imbewu engu-2 noma engu-3 ifakwa enkomishini e-1. Ngemuva kwalokho izingilazi zihlelwe kabusha endaweni epholile (degrees ezingama-20 kuye kwangama-22). Izithombo zokuqala zizovela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-15. Izitshalo ezivelile kufanele zinikeze ukukhanya okuhle ukuze zingeluli, uma kungenjalo, ngemuva kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, zizolimaza isikhathi eside hhayi ukuqhakaza. Njengoba uhlelo lwempande lwe-nasturtium lubuthakathaka impela futhi lubuthakathaka, futhi indawo eneqabunga inkulu, izithombo azikhethwe, futhi izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngokuqondile ezinkomeni, ngaphandle kokwephula ubuqotho bokwehla kobumba.
Ukutshala Kwangaphandle kweNasturtium
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ukutshala izithombo ze-nasturtium enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngezinsuku eziyishumi zokuqala zikaJuni. Ngokufika, udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga enokuvikelwa okuthembekile emimoyeni ebandayo. Uma ngabe leli siko lembali likhule endaweni enomthunzi, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwalo ngeke kube yinto enhle kakhulu futhi ebukekayo. Inhlabathi iyadingeka yokudla okunempilo okune-acidic encane, futhi ikhishwe kahle. Uma kunendikimba eningi kakhulu enhlabathini, lapho-ke ukuhlaza kwezihlahla kuyokhula kakhulu, kepha ngeke kuqhume. Lapho kukhula i-nasturtium enhlabathini esetshenzelwe ngokweqile, amapuleti awo amaqabunga aba mancane, okwenza amahlumela abukeke obala, kanti nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuphulukana nokuhlobisa kwawo okuphezulu. Uma ukhetha ukungagxili, inhlabathi emanzi yokutshala, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizobola.
Izici Zokufika
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Isitshalo sitshalwa kanye nezinkomishi zepuniat noma inhlama yomhlaba, futhi umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo lungalimala kalula. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lincike ngqo ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni zazo, futhi lingahlukahluka ukusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.4 m. Okokuqala, izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele zimbozwe ebusuku. Izimbali zizoqala ngemuva kwamasonto angama-4-6.
Ukunakekelwa kweNasturtium
Ukunakekela ama-nasturtiums kulula. Zidinga ukuniselwa ngendlela yesikhathi nokhula. Uma, ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo esizeni, usimbozile ngesendlalelo sem mulch, khona-ke lokhu kuzogwema umzabalazo ophela ngamandla notshani lokhula. Ekuqaleni nje kokukhula okusebenzayo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekuniseleni okuhleliwe, okufanele kube kuningi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqala, ukuchelela kufanele kuhlelwe kuphela uma umhlabathi womile, uma uhlala ufakwa umswakama, uzothinta kabi ubukhazikhazi bezimbali, kepha imbala luyokhula ngobudlova. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukukhetha izimbali ezaqala ukubuna ngesikhathi. Uma ufuna ukuqoqa imbewu, shiya amaqanda ambalwa kuphela kulokhu.
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukondla okujwayelekile kwalesi sitshalo ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kwenziwa kanye nemvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Umanyolo oqukethe i-Nitrogen awondli lesi sitshalo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-nasturtium
Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-nasturtium kusuka imbewu ichazwe ngenhla. Noma kunjalo ekusakazeni, sebenzisa ukusika. Ukususa umsika, kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esimanzi noma amanzi. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza kabusha, njengomthetho, isetshenziselwa izinhlobo zezitry noma ngezinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu ezinembewu okunzima ukuyithenga. Lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa, zonke izici zokuhlukahluka nezinhlobo zesitshalo somama zigcinwa ngokuphelele.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo sihle kakhulu futhi sisebenziseka ngendlela emangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyinyisa izimpungushe ezimhlophe, iklabishi, amabhungane aseColorado, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane.
Kodwa-ke, i-nasturtium isagula. Isibonelo, uyathinteka ngenxa yokufakelwa amagciwane. Emcabangweni othintekile, amapuleti asezingeni eliphansi aqala ukuwohloka, bese ihlumela lonke liqala ukubuna. Futhi angagula ngokubola okungwevu, ngoba lapho kwakheka amabala owomile wombala onsundu emafulethini amaqabunga. Futhi ebusweni bamahlamvu kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amabala amile we-mosaic noma amabala amnyama noma ansundu wokugqwala. Uma izimpawu zalezi zifo zenzeka, amahlahla athintekayo kufanele abiwe futhi abhujiswe. Kulokhu, izimbali ezinempilo ezisele ziyafafazwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile elingabhubhisa ama-causative agents alesi sifo.
Ungayiqoqa Kanjani Imbewu YeNasturtium
Uma ufuna ukuzizwa njengabafuyi bezindawo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqoqe imbewu ye-nasturtium kusayithi lakho. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye lapho imbali ibuna. Imbewu ye-nasturtium yakwamanye amazwe ayinasikhathi sokuvuthwa ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, futhi lokhu kufanele kubhekwe. Imbewu evuthiwe iguqula umbala wayo oluhlaza ube mhlophe, ingahlukaniswa kalula nge-peduncle futhi iwele ebusweni bendawo. Kulokhu, akufanele kubambezeleke ngokuqoqwa kwembewu, ngoba ingakhubazeka. Ukuze kugcinwe, imbewu ifakwa emabhokisini amakhadibhodi. Imbewu engavuthiwe ye-nasturtium yakwamanye amazwe kufanele ikhuliswe ezimweni zasekamelweni.
I-Nasturtium ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Lapho ukuqhakaza sekuphelile, izihlahla kufanele ziniselwe kancane futhi isikhathi ngasinye zize zime ngokuphelele. Ekuthambeni okuphakathi, njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sihlwanyelwa njengonyaka, ngakho-ke, ekwindla, kufanele siphathwe njengonyaka. Noma kunalokho, hlanza indawo kusuka kumfucumfucu wesitshalo okufanele ichithwe. Indawo ngokwayo kufanele ibiwe. Khumbula ukuqoqa imbewu kuqala uma kunesidingo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-nasturtium ngezithombe namagama
I-Nasturtium ekhula ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo iyisitshalo esingapheli. Noma kunjalo, ezivandeni eziphakathi nobude, le mbali ingakhula kuphela njengonyaka, ngoba ayikwazi ukusinda ebusika endaweni evulekile. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi zinhlobo zamasiko ze-nasturtium, ezizokuchazwa ngezansi.
I-Nasturtium yangaphandle, noma iCanary
Izwe lakulesi sidalwa esiseNingizimu Melika. Ubude bamahlumela aluhlaza bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3,5, kuyilapho beqhamukela ngokushesha ama-trellises nama-arbor. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo, bese ziphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa. Izimbali ezincane ezinombala ophuzi ophuzi zinama-petals ahlanganisiwe, kanye nama-spurs aluhlaza. Amapuleti amaqabunga amancane angaba yizigaba ezinhlanu noma eziyisikhombisa. Ekulandiseni okuphakathi, imbewu ayinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
INasturtium inkulu
Amahlumela athambile angenalutho aqoshwe ngokuqinile, angaba nobude obungamamitha ayi-2,5. Azikho izinambuzane, kepha izinhlobo eziqondile, kulokhu ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungafinyelela ku-0.7 m.Izimbali eziqhamukayo ziqala ngoJuni, futhi ziphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa ekwindla. Lolu hlobo luphinde luzalwe kabusha. Imbewu ihlala isebenza iminyaka emi-4. Amapuleti amakhulu amaqabunga we-asymmetric ayindilinga kanye ne-thyroid. Ingaphambili lazo liluhlaza okotshani, futhi ngaphansi kwalo kunombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zinama-petioles amade, futhi kuwo wonke amaqabunga afinyelela ku-80 mm. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, phakathi kwazo kukhona amafomu ama-shrub acwebile, ngokwesibonelo:
- King Theodore - Umbala wezimbali ubomvu ngokujulile;
- Peach Melba - enkabeni yezimbali ezinoshukela kunezindawo ezibomvu;
- Salmon Baby - Izimbali ezingama-semi-double zinombala we-salmon;
- I-Ladybug - phakathi imbali ye-apricot kunezindawo ezinamabala.
Isiko nasturtium
Lezi zinhlobo zihlanganisa nzalo ye-nasturtium enkulu ne-nasturtium yegilo. Amahlumela anamaqabunga amakhulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-thyroid anombala onsomi noma oluhlaza. Kulesi zinhlobo, izinhlobonhlobo ziyehluka ngobude nangesimo:
- izinhlobo ezinamakhompiyutha kuze kufike kuhafu wemitha;
- izinhlobo ezinwabuzelayo, neziqu zazo zifinyelela kumamitha amane ubude;
- izinhlobo ezimfushane ezinokuphakama kwazo okungadluli amasentimitha ayi-15-20.
Izinhlobo:
- UGleming Mahagani - ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha angama-37, izimbali eziphindwe kabili zibomvu;
- IGlobal Globe - isihlahla sesimo esiyindilinga sifinyelela ukuphakama okuyi-0,25 m nobubanzi obuyi-0,4 m, amaqabunga anamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili (cishe ezingama-65 mm) zidwetshwe ngombala ophuzi-wegolide;
- Isibani senyanga - ubude bamahlumela walesi sitshalo esikhuphukayo cishe bungama-2 m, umbala wezimbali uphuzi.
I-nasturtium encane
Amahlumela omdwebo omfushane obukhulu obunamamitha ayi-0,35 ubude.Amapuleti amaqabunga ama-thyroid amancane anomumo oyindilinga, ama-petioles mncane futhi mude kakhulu. Izimbali ezincane eziphuphukile ubukhulu zingama-30 mm, kukhona amabala amnyama ebusweni, amathole aphezulu angama-3 acwebile futhi anomphetho obukhali, ama-spurs agobile anomumo we-cylindrical. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJuni-Okthoba. Izinhlobo:
- Wasukuma uCherry - ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0.3, izimbali eziphindwe kabili zinombala obomvu ojulile;
- I-velvet emnyama - isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0.3, umbala wezimbali ezilula maroon ucishe ube mnyama, ububanzi abufinyelela ku-60 mm, olunye uhlobo olunjalo kwesinye isikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi "iBlack Lady".
I-thyroid nasturtium
Le nhlobo imelelwa izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo. Iziqu ezinamathele ezijikijolo zidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, zifinyelela kubude obungamamitha amane. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-thyroid aluhlaza ngombala omnyama ngombala. Umbala wezimbali ubomvu mnyama obomvu. Izimbali zaziwa ngoJuni-Okthoba, imbewu inesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zeLusifa zithandwa kakhulu: ukuphakama kwezihlahla eziqonde cishe cishe ngu-0.25 m, umbala weziqu ungumbala oluhlaza okotshani, amapuleti amakhulu anamaqabunga wombala oluhlaza obumnyama abe ne-tint emnyama ebomvu. Izimbali ezilula ezibomvu zewolintshi zifinyelela ku-60 mm.
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-nasturtium kukhona i-azure, i-ciliary, i-multifoliate, enhle, enemibala emithathu, kepha ayivelwanga phakathi nendawo.
Izici eziwusizo ze-nasturtium
Imbali enhle kakhulu ye-nasturtium inezinto zokupholisa futhi ingadliwa. Izimbali namaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane zengezwa kumasobho, amasaladi nakumasemishi, futhi kuhlobisa nezitsha ezahlukahlukene. Izithelo eziqweqwe zembali enjalo ziyafana ngokunambitheka kubabizi abizayo. Uma imbewu yomile futhi igaywe kahle, uzothola isithokelo esibuthakathaka esingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sopelepele omnyama. By way, isithokelo esifanayo sasisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ungadla zonke izingxenye zalesi siko, kepha hhayi izimpande.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-nasturtium inezinto zokwelapha belaziwa isikhathi eside. Isetshenziselwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele, ekwelapheni imishayo yesikhumba, kanye nokushoda kwama-vithamini, isifo se-anemia nesifo sezinso. Kunconywa futhi ukusebenzisa i-nasturtium lapho welapha i-scurvy, ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo kungu-vithamini C kuphezulu impela (amahlandla ayi-10 kunelethisi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwalesi sitshalo kufaka phakathi izinto ezine-antibacterial, okungukuthi i-proitamin A kanye nokuguquguquka. Izitsha ezilungiselelwe kusetshenziswa lesi sitshalo zifakwa ekudleni okwelaphayo kwe-atherosclerosis, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kubantu asebekhulile. Isakhiwo sama-rhizomes sifaka izinto ezinganciphisa izinga le-testosterone esegazini.
Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinezindawo zokwelapha ezilandelayo: i-laxative, i-diuretic, i-antibiotic, i-uroseptic, i-anti-immune, i-diuretic, i-antiseptic, i-anti-zingotic ne-expectorant.
Nge-overdose ye-nasturtium, ukucasulwa kwe-mucosa yesisu se-tumbo kuyabonakala.
