Abaningi bethu babheka ama-raspberries hhayi nje kuphela amajikijolo amnandi, kodwa futhi nekhambi lezifo eziningi nezimpawu ezibuhlungu. Ngomkhuhlane, ama-raspberries asiza ukubhekana nomphimbo obuhlungu futhi kungenza izinga lokushisa lifane. Imizwa eminingi engathandeki ehambisana nohlelo lokugaya ukudla (i-gastritis, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isilonda se-peptic, isicanucanu, nabanye) iyakwazi ukudambisa noma ukwelapha ama-raspberries. Le berry iqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini nezinye izinto ezizuzisayo.
Noma yisiphi isiguli esithanda ukulima sizokwazi ukutshala ama-raspberry endaweni yaso yomhlaba. Ukuthola isivuno esihle, kufanele ulandele zonke izincomo zabaqadi abanolwazi futhi ungephuli imithetho yokunakekela ama-raspberries. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isivuno esihle kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu ezayo.
Ukutshala ama-raspberries
Ukuze isivuno se-raspberry endaweni efanayo sibe phezulu iminyaka eminingi, udinga ukuqala ngokutshala okufanele kwezihlahla.
Isikhathi sokufakelwa naso sibaluleke kakhulu. Intwasahlobo yokuqala (Mashi) noma ekwindla sekwephuzile (Novemba) isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi le ndawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kepha ukushibilika kancane kufanele kube khona.
Kuhle ukutshala izihlahla ezi-raspberry ngemuva kwe-siderata noma izilimo zikakolweni futhi, ngaphandle kwezimo, ngemuva kwamatamatisi namazambane. Ngemuva kwezitshalo ezinjalo zemifino, ukukhula nokukhula kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry kungahle kube nombuzo.
Ezitshalweni ezenzelwe ukutshala, udinga ukunquma lonke iqabunga lehlamvu. Phakathi kwezimbobo zokubamba kufanele ishiywe okungenani isigamu semitha, naphakathi kwezintambo - amamitha angaphezu kwesigamu nesigamu. Izikhundla ezincanyana ezifana nalezi zinenzuzo yazo. Ngesikhathi sokunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokuvuna, uzonikezwa ukufinyelela mahhala emithini. Isithombo ngasinye, naso, sithola inani elidingekayo lokukhanya nomoya.
Imithombo yezithombo (ngokujulile amasentimitha angama-40) kumele igcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yomquba nomlotha. Isithombo esincane sifakwa emgodini bese sifafazwa ngenhlabathi yengadi noma nge-humus, ishiye intamo yezimpande ingamboziwe. Ngakho amahlumela amasha azokwakha ngokushesha.
Ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu. Isitshalo ngasinye sizodinga cishe amalitha amabili amanzi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo uku-mulch kanye nokunquma. I-mulch izogcina umswakama wenhlabathi odingekayo futhi ivikele nokhula. Ukusika kwenziwa kakhulu, kushiya okungenani ama-buds amathathu kwisithombo ngasinye.
Ngesizini elandelayo, wonke amagatsha onyaka wokuqala wokuphila ayathenwa (asikwe cishe phansi), bese kusala amahlumela amancane kuphela. Ukuthenwa okunjalo kwezithombo ezincane kufaka isandla ekugxilweni kwazo ezingcono nasekuthuthukisweni kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo sonke kuzoncika kuso, okusho ikhwalithi nenani lesitshalo.
Phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla ezi-raspberry kunconywa ukutshala noma yimuphi umquba oluhlaza (ekwindla). Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukusika zonke izilimo ezivelayo futhi uzisebenzise njengengqimba ye-mulching ku-raspberry yonke.
Ukunakekela okusajingijolo
Ama-raspberries athande ukukhula ezindaweni ezinamakhaza, ukukhanya nokumswakama komhlaba. Akubona bonke abalimi abanganikeza ama-raspberries abo ngomhlabathi onjalo. Kepha i-mulching kuzosiza ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga. Lolu ungqimba ngeke luvikele imibhede kuphela, kepha luzohlinzeka nokudla okutholakalayo ezitshalweni.
Ungasebenzisa amaphephandaba amadala njengengqimba yokuqala. Amaphephandaba agxila kuwo wonke umhlaba phakathi kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry. Ngemuva kwalokho, yonke imfucumfucu etholakalayo ithululelwa ngaphezulu - utshani, utshani, amagatsha amancane ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla, imfucuza yezinkuni (sawdust noma shavings), imfucuza yokudla.
Ukuze ama-raspberries abe makhulu njalo ngesizini, kudingeka ukuthi kutholakale izihlahla njalo ezihlabayo. Ekupheleni kwesizini yehlobo, udinga ukusika wonke amagatsha ancishisiwe abe sezingeni lomhlabathi. Ungakhohlwa ukuqeda ukukhula kwentsha. Esihlahleni ngasinye se-raspberry ngemuva kokuthena, amahlumela amabili kuya kwesihlanu aqine kakhulu kufanele asale.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthi amagatsha e-raspberry ende awagobi ngaphansi kwesisindo samajikijolo, ukusekelwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa. Kungaba izikhala zokhuni emaphethelweni emibhede, ezixhumeke ngocingo kuzo zonke izitshalo. Lo mklamo uzohlinzeka ngokufinyelela okuhle ezihlahleni lapho uzinakekela. Ukhipha izindwani ngeke zigobe, uzokwazi ukwenza ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu nokuvuselela i-mulching ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Ukugqoka okusajingijolo
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, lapho izitshalo zithola amandla futhi ukwakheka kwazo kuqhubeka, ukufakwa komanyolo ngohlobo lomanyolo we-organic kuzodingeka. Isendlalelo se-mulching sinikeza imiphumela yaso emihle, kepha lokhu akwanele ngamabhishi amasha.
Entwasahlobo yokukhula okusebenzayo nentuthuko, ungenza enye yezinketho zokondla:
- Amaconsi enkukhu (1 kilog) axutshwa namanzi (1 ibhakede elikhulu) futhi afakwa ngosuku. Amalitha ayi-10 amanzi afaka ilitha elilodwa lale ndlela yokuphuza futhi ayinisele ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
- Ukumiliselwa ngamakhambi kuxutshwe nokufakwa umquba ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Le Umanyolo ketshezi sisetshenziswa enhlabathini enomswakama.
Ukuze uthole amahlumela amancane, kunconywa ukufafaza ngesisombululo esinama-microorganisms asebenzayo. Lokhu kuzobe kungewona nje umanyolo omuhle kakhulu, kepha futhi nokuvikela ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nezikhunta.
Ekwindla, ama-raspberries adliwayo afakwa ngumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuyilungiselela, uzodinga isitsha esikhulu (umphongolo wokhuni noma wensimbi), ogcwele izinto ezihlukene (cishe amaphesenti angama-60-70): utshani obusha noma iziqeshana zemifino, umlotha wokhuni (izinkomishi 1.5), utshani noma utshani, amaconsi enkukhu, ingilazi eyodwa nengxenye ushukela (noma ujamu), ucezu oluncane lokulinganisa futhi uthele amanzi afudumele ku-brim.
Ezinsukwini eziyi-10, inqubo yokuvutshelwa iyenzeka. Ukuze wenze ukondla, udinga ukufaka amanzi amalitha ayi-0,5 we-infusion eqediwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Isihlahla ngasinye se-raspberry sizodinga amalitha ama-3 womanyolo onjalo.
