Isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial sithole Inkonyane (iCaltha) imele umndeni wamaRanunculaceae. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40. Igama lesayensi laleli hlobo livela egameni lesiGrikhi, ngokuhunyushwa lisho ukuthi "ibhasikidi" noma "isitsha", lokhu kungenxa yesimo sembali. Igama lale mbali yaseRussia livela egameni lakudala lesiRussia elithi "Kaluga", elihumusha ngokuthi "ixhaphozi" noma "ipuddle". Ebantwini, le mbali ibizwa nangokuthi yinyoka enamanzi nepuli lokudanisa. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yi-marsh marsh. Endle, le nhlobo ingatholakala eMongolia, ezintabeni zase-Indian subcontinent, eNyakatho Melika, eJapan, futhi futhi cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphezu kwezifunda eziseningizimu.
Izici zeKaluga
IMarsh Kaluga itshalwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezi-2 zengadi. Ukudutshulwa okunamaqabunga anamaqabunga anqabile, njengomthetho, kuqondile (kuya phezulu noma ngaphezulu), kuvame ukulala phansi. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kuyehluka kusuka ku-0.03 kuya ku-0.4 m. Izimpande zenziwe ngentambo, ziqoqwa ngesixha. Kuhlala kutholakala amapuleti amaqabunga acwebezelayo agqamile anemibala eluhlaza okotshani angakheka okomntwana noma omile ngenhliziyo, umphetho wawo uyidolobha noma udoti. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-Basal, afinyelela ku-02 m ngaphesheya, anama-petioles amade futhi alungile. Amapuleti amaqabunga amaqabunga awuphelele. Ama-peduncle amade akhula emacembe angenhla, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Cishe izimbali ezingama-7 zombala ophuzi, owolintshi noma wegolide zikhula kubo, ubukhulu zifinyelela ku-0,5 cm. I-corolla iqukethe amapheshana ama-5, ubude bawo bungama-2,5 cm. Izithelo ziqabunga elinamaqabunga amaningi. Inani lamapheshana alingana nenani lamaphayiphu; ezimbalini esisodwa kukhona izingcezu ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-12. Cishe imbewu eyi-10 ecwebezelayo yombala omnyama ivuthwe ephepheni elilodwa. Kunenani elincane lobuthi engxenyeni ngayinye yomshopho omkhulu.
Ukutshala kwangaphandle kwe-calendula
Ukufakelwa
Ngokutshala i-cowberry, kunconywa ukukhetha izindawo ezimanzi nezivulekile. Ingatshalwa endaweni enomthunzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla esiwohlokayo, kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza lesi sitshalo kufanele sithole isibalo esanele sokukhanya. Inhlabathi yokutshala inomswakama futhi ivundile. Kaluga ingatshalwa emhlabathini owomile, kepha kulokhu kufanele iniselwe njalo. Izithombo zidinga ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla yokuqala noma emavikini entwasahlobo, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga elingamamitha ayi-0,3 Lapho izimbali sezitshaliwe, kufanele ziniswe kahle, futhi izihlahla nazo kufanele zibe nomhlanga kusuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu kuze kube yilapho sezimpande futhi ukuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha.
Ukunakekela iKaluga engadini
IKaluzhnitsa imelana nesithwathwa futhi ayizithobi. Into esemqoka ekumnakekeleni ukunisela. Kufanele kube okuhlelekile futhi okwanele, ngenkathi kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Ingaphezulu lomhlaba elizungeze izihlahla kufanele lidambulwe ngokuhlelekile, futhi ukhula olwenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele kufanele lwenziwe. Isitshalo sidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu okungaphezulu kwe-2 noma i-3 ngesikhathi sonyaka, ngoba lokhu basebenzisa umanyolo onzima wamaminerali. Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4, ukufakelwa komongo kuyenziwa, phakathi lapho izimpande zawo zihlukaniswa khona. Iqiniso ngukuthi lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukukhula ngokushesha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngenxa yalokho ilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okumangazayo.
Ukuzala
Ukuze uqanjwe kabusha kwalesi siko usebenzisa imbewu, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhi, usengahlukanisa isihlahla. Ku-kaluga, uhlelo lwezimpande lutholakala ngokuqondile, kulokhu, ukukhipha isihlahla emhlabathini kulula impela. Yenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma emavikini okuqala esekwindla. Isihlahla esimbiwe kufanele sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi, siwuphule ngezandla, lokhu kulula kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sihlukaniswe, i-Delenki itshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo, kuyilapho i-fossae noma i-grooves yokutshala kumele ilungiswe kusengaphambili. Ibanga le-0.3-0.35 m kufanele libhekwe phakathi kwezihlahla. I-Delenki etshaliwe kufanele iniselwe kahle. Zibuye zifakwe umthunzi okokuqala kusuka elangeni kusuka eningizimu.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Ukuze usakaze le mbali ngokunwebeka, udinga ukubeka amahlumela ayo ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, kuthi lapho isilungisiwe, ifafazwe phezulu ngenhlabathi yezakhi. Ngenkathi yesikhathi, ukweluka kudinga ukuthambisa okujwayelekile nokugqoka okuphezulu, kanye nesitshalo esidala. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, kuzodingeka ukusika ama-rosette amancane nezimpande ezakheke phezu kwezendlalelo. Ngemuva kwalokho badinga ukubekwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Indlela yembewu yokuzala ayithandwa kakhulu, ngoba imbewu isheshe ifinyeleleke. Kulula kakhulu ukuthola lesi sitshalo ehlathini bese sidlulisela endaweni yakho engadini. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhona imbewu entsha, ungazama ukukhulisa i-calendula kuyo. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha nje lapho isivuniwe, njengomthetho, kulokhu kwehla ngoJuni, futhi izithombo kufanele zivele ekugcineni kwenkathi yehlobo. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa ebusika kwenziwa, khona-ke izithombo kufanele zilindelwe kuphela entwasahlobo elandelayo. Entwasahlobo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa esitsheni noma ebhokisini, emva kwalokho izitshalo zizodinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zigcinwa amasonto amane endaweni yokushisa yama-degree ayi-10, emva kwalokho ibekwa amasonto ayi-8 endaweni efudumele (ukusuka kuma-18 kuye kwangama-20 degrees). Lapho isigaba sokugcina sesiphela, izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele. Izithombo ezikhulile nezinamandla zidluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile. Izimbali zokuqala ezihlahleni ezinjalo zingabonakala kuphela ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokukhula.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Uma isitshalo sinakekelwa kahle futhi sinamathela emithethweni yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo yalesi sitshalo, khona-ke akufanele sibangele inkathazo engadini. Ukubhekisisa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ukuchelela. Uma izihlahla zingatholi inani elifanele lamanzi, khona-ke ziqala ukuthamba.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-kaluzhnitsa ngezithombe namagama
UMarsh marigold (uCaltha palustris)
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yizinhlobo ze-bog (iCaltha palustris). Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe kwalokhu kwezinhlobo zezinyoni kungatholwa ekuqaleni kwendatshana. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezingama-2 kuphela ezingadi, izimbali ziphindwe kabili, futhi zinombala ophuzi namhlophe. Ngokuvamile, abalimi bahlakulela ezinye izinhlobo ze-kaluzhnitsa, ngokwesibonelo:
UDuoden Kaluzhnitsa (Сaltha fistulosa)
Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njenge-Sakhalin-North Japan. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ezinhle ze-marigold. Amahlumela awo angenalutho, anamahlamvu futhi awugqinsi, lapho kuphela amahlumela esitshalo, enokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0,2. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, zingaba nokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,2. Amapuleti wesikhumba aminyene futhi aminyene oyindilinga abe nama-petioles amade. Ukwakheka kwe-inflorescence okuxegayo kufaka izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi eziphuzi, ububanzi ezifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-70. Kakhulu, lolu hlobo luqhakaza ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi.
I-Multi-petal garn (iCaltha polypetala = iCaltha orthorhyncha)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walolu hlobo yilezixhaphozi zezifunda ezingaphansi kwezintaba nezintaba zezintaba zaseCaucasus. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-0,15-0.3. Izimbali eziphuzi-zegolide ubukhulu diba ngamamilimitha angama-80. Lokhu kutshala eziqhakaza ngoMeyi noJuni.
