Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwale mbali kutholakala ngekhulu lokuqala leminyaka B.C.E. Ngemuva kwalokho i-gladiolus yathathwa njengesitshalo somlingo, esisiza ukuvikela amasosha ekufeni. Kepha kuma-Middle Ages, i-gladiolus yangezwa enhlama, yenziwa ufulawa kuyo, kwaphekwa isinkwa.
Incazelo ye gladioli
ERoma lasendulo, kunenganekwane ethi lapho imbali ye-gladiolus yavelaphi. Ngokusho kwale ndaba, kuthungelwe abangane ababili yaphenduka imikhosi yezempi. Futhi ngenxa yenkululeko baphoqwa ukuba balwe. Inkululeko yathenjiswa onqobayo kule mpi. Abangani benqabile, ngenxa yalokho bobabili bagwetshwa intambo. Okwamanje imizimba yabo yathinta emhlabathini, kwavela izimbali ezinhle futhi ezinde ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-gladioli zivela enkanjini yezinkemba.
Ngakho-ke, ku-floristry, i-gladiolus isho ubungani nememori, ubukhosi nokuthembeka. Okusuka kwigama lesiLatini lembali kuzwakala sengathi 'yinkemba ebukhali.' Futhi ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaqabunga abo, afana nezinkemba, banegama lesibili - lena yi-fennel. Imbali ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwa-iris futhi ngokwemvelo kunezinhlobo zasendle ezingaba ngu-200. Izimbali ze-gladiolus.
UGladiolus uhluma kancane igobile futhi ifane ne-funnel. Zonke izimbali ezikuyo ziqoqwa ohlangothini olulodwa, kwesinye isikhathi zenzeka ngambili. IGladioli ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Lokhu:
- Okugeleza okukhulu
- Izimbali ezincane;
- Izimbali eziphakathi nendawo.
I-Asia kanye ne-Europe, izindawo ezisendaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zase-Afrika, iSiberia eseNtshonalanga neMedithera kubhekwa njengendawo okuzalwa kuyo imbali. Okuphelele emhlabeni cishe izinhlobo ezingama-5000 zalesi sitshalo. E-Russia, ungathola izinhlobo ezifana:
- Dana
- Prague
- Iparele eliphinki;
- Impaphe ye-Ostrich;
- I-Michurinist;
- Futhi abanye.
Ezinye zezinhlobo zazo ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, uma zitshalwe emabhodweni ekhaya. Isici esibalulekile sazo ukuthi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu ezihlukile. Isithombe se-gladiolus.
Isiqu sesitshalo siqonde, sinye futhi ngaphandle kwamagatsha. Ekuphakameni kufinyelela kusuka ku-50 cm kuye kuma-80 cm. I-bud inezinhlaka eziyisithupha ezingalingani, ezikhula ndawonye ezisekelweni futhi zibe nobume bethanga. Zingaqoqwa zombili ku-unilateral, kanye ne-voloresal noma spiral inflorescence. I-inflorescence enjalo ingaba mnene noma ibe mnene maphakathi futhi ifinyelele ubude obungu-80 cm.
IGladiolus ingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene yezimbali. Kungaba bomvu, pink, mhlophe, onsomi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ngephuzi, okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinye izimbali nazo ziyatholakala. Izimbali gladiolus isithombe.
Ilungiselela ama bulbs wokutshala
Lungiselela ama-bulbs wokutshala kufanele aqale ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20. Ahlanzwa esikalini futhi ahlolwe ngokucophelela, kumazwani akufanele kube nomonakalo ovela ezilwaneni nasekulandeni kwesifo. I-anyanisi enempilo iminyene futhi inendawo ekhanyayo, kuwo izihloko zezimpande namahlumela asivele abonakala. Amabhulebhu anamazilonda, isikhunta noma omile kufanele alahlwe.
Ama bulb anezindawo ezimnyama ezicwebezelayo zesibanda noma iFusarium zingalashwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isiza se-lesion sinqunywe ngokucophelela futhi simbozwe ngopende oluhlaza. Ngaphambi kokutshala isibani, indawo kufanele iqiniswe.
Amabhule atshalwe nezinso phezulu, emigqeni emibili. Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ibe egqamile futhi efudumele, kepha ivikelwe elangeni. Musa ukumanzisa ama, kuba kungasheshisa ukukhula kwezimpandeokuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala kungalimala bese ukukhula kwesitshalo kubambezeleke. I-bulb elungiselelwe kahle ngaphambi kokutshala inika ama-tubercles ama-1mm ngosayizi, futhi ubukhulu besihlumela busuka ku-1 kuya ku-10 cm. Ama-bulb, lapho amahlumela nama-tubercles angaveli khona, angakhishwa ngaphandle.
Kakade ngaphambi kokutshala ama-corms, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe ngesisombululo se-foundationazole noma i-potanganum permanganate, imizuzu engama-30.
Ukutshala i-gladiolus
Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela indawo lapho imbali izokhula khona. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo kumele ikhethwe kunelanga futhi ivikeleke emimoyeni enamandla. Izindawo ezingaphansi ezinamanzi kufanele zigwenywe. Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu omelana nomswakama, oqinile futhi oxegayo.
Noma i-gladioli ingabekezelela ukubanda, kungcono ukuyitshala ngokwanele ukufudumeza inhlabathi ngama-8-10 degrees, 10 cm ukujula. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu somhlaba siwela cishe ngo-Ephreli 20. Umhlaba uzodinga ukumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi bese ufaka umquba ngaphezulu kwawo; umquba omusha ungabhubhisa imbali. Umquba ungathathelwa indawo ngumanyolo wamaminerali, ozodinga ukungezwa isizini yonke.
Ama bulabhu amakhulu ajulwa ngu-15 cm, wona aphakathi atshalwa ngo-7-9 cm, kepha amancanyana wezimbali abekwa emhlabathini aze afike ekujuleni okungabi ngaphezu kwama-5 cm. Amakhulu amakhulu angajulwa ngo-20 cm uma inhlabathi iqala ukuna ngesikhathi sokunisela. Isendlalelo sesihlabathi esingama-2 cm kufanele sengezwe ngaphansi kwe-fossa. Umlotha wezinkuni ufafazwa kwi-bulb uqobo, isihlabathi esithe xaxa bese siniselwa ngesisombululo esifudumele se-potanganum permanganate, bese simbozwa ngomhlaba.
Akudingekile ukusebenzisa isihlabathi lapho utshala, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ivikela isibani ezifweni ezingakhona futhi kwenza ukwakheka kwenhlabathi esindayo kube ngcono. Kepha ekwindla, sibonga isihlabathi, isibani sezingane zaso singakhishwa kalula emhlabathini.
Ubukhulu phakathi kwama bulbs lapho ukutshala kuya ngosayizi wawo. Phakathi kokukhulu, i-10-15 cm ivunyelwe, ephakathi nendawo engadluli ku-10 cm, kepha phakathi kwamancanyana ukusuka 3 kuya ku-7 cm. Ibanga phakathi komugqa wokuqala nowesibili kufanele libe ngu-20-25 cm.
