Iklabishi kade lingenye yemifino esiyithandayo etafuleni lethu. Ekudleni kwemindeni eminingi, ayithathi indawo yokugcina. Le imifino emnandi futhi enempilo isetshenziswa zokupheka eziningi. Akubona abalimi abaningi abenqabayo ukutshala iklabishi endaweni yabo. Kepha ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kakhulu, udinga isivuno esihle, esiqinile. Cabanga izimfihlo zokulinyelwa okufanele.
Ukutshala iklabishi nokunakekelwa
Ukuqala, cabanga ngokuthi kungani udinga iklabishi futhi nini. Okokuqala, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kuncike kulokhu. Uma ufuna ukujabulela isaladi ehlobo, thatha izinhlobo zokuqala, uma usawoti nokugcina isikhathi eside, thatha okuphakathi nendawo sekwephuzile. Khumbula, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela futhi sincike ekuvuthweni.
Ukukhetha kweBanga
Ukuthenga imbewu kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. Ngokugcina okungalungile futhi okude, ukuhluma kulahlekile. Nikeza ukukhetha ezitolo ezikhethekile.
- Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuthenga, thola izeluleko zochwepheshe kusuka kumeluleki. Abathengisi bazokutshela ukuthi yiliphi ibanga nokuthi kungani kungcono ukuthenga, okuyimikhiqizo emisha evela emakethe.
- Okwesibili, ezitolo ezikhethekile ziqapha ngokucophelela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ethengiwe. Baphinde bathola imikhiqizo ezinkampanini zokuzalela nezinzala. Lesi isiqinisekiso esengeziwe kumthengi, ubungozi bokuthola imbewu esezingeni eliphansi buyancishiswa.
- Okwesithathu, uma ucela kuqala, kuzokwethulwa isitifiketi sekhwalithi yembewu esitolo esikhethekile. Inemininingwane yokuhluma, ukuhlanzeka nonyaka wokuvunwa.
Khetha imbewu yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okushiywa ngaphandle kwesilimo ancishiswa uma enye yezinhlobo ingatholakali inezithelo eziphansi.
Nakani emaphaketheni. Kufanele kube nephepha eliningi elanele, unake ukuthi kukhona isithombe sekhwalithi ephezulu, azikho izinhlamvu ezimfushane. Abakhwabanisi balonga emaphaketheni. Kunezikhwama ezimhlophe ezinembewu, ikhwalithi yazo imvamisa ayibi kunaleyo enokupakishwa okugqamile. Imbewu enjalo ishibhile kakhulu. Kepha kufanele futhi babe nayo yonke imininingwane ngesitshalo, isisindo noma isibalo sembewu izingcezu.
Isikhwama siqukethe imininingwane mayelana nomenzi: igama, ilogo, ikheli lomthetho kanye ne-imeyili, izingcingo. Igama lesi-Russian nesi-Latin liyadingeka, ngokuya ngerejista Yombuso.
Imbewu engenisiwe kwesinye isikhathi ibiza kakhulu futhi, noma abaningi beyithatha njengekhwalithi engcono, lokhu akunjalo njalo. Thenga okuthe xaxa kunalokho ohlela ukukuhlwanyela. Ungahle udinge ukuvuselela izitshalo uma izithombo zinqabile.
Ukuhlwanyela kuphi?
Izithombo iklabishi etshalwe zokugcina izithombo, hotbeds futhi ngokuvamile efulethini. Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo esizeni iqala ukulungiselela ekwindla. Isakhiwo siyakhululwa ukhula, babhagwa ngefosholo le-bayonet. Kulokhu, ukungalingani kufanele kuhlale, ukuze kufakwe umswakama ongcono enhlabathini. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi idonswa ngesikebhe.
Ukushisa imibhede, umquba ofudumele uthululela ku-40 cm, kufafazwe nge-lime noma ngomlotha wezinkuni ngaphezulu (ukuvikela izifo zesikhunta). Ukusetshenziswa ngesikwele esi-1. m. akumele idlule ku-0,5 kg wegamu, umlotha u-0,6 kg. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, inhlabathi evundile noma i-peat ithululelwa ngokhuni oludala lwezinkuni.
Ukukhula iklabishi ekhaya
Iklabishi likhula ekhaya
Uma uzokhulisa izithombo kufasitela, vele uthenge ingxube yobumba yezimbali: inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu, ithambile impela futhi ayixegi, iqukethe umanyolo odingekayo wezinto eziphilayo. Imbewu ibekwa kahle emigqeni emabhokisini futhi imbozwe ngenhlabathi nge-cm engu-1. Ungazikhetha izingilazi uzitshale ngezinhlamvu ezimbalwa, kepha ngokwahlukana: ngemuva kwesitshalo esinamandla sesishiywe ihlumela elibuthakathaka (ungadabuli, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zesithombo esisele).
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ukuthambisa kwenziwa, amathreyini ambozwe ngefilimu kuze kube amahlumela okuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, ifilimu iyasuswa.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukudonswa kwamanzi kuyadingeka: uma ungazange uthenge amathreyi okhethekile wezithombo, vele wenze izimbobo ezitsheni ozosebenzisa ukuze amanzi angahambi kahle, okubangela izifo ezibekekayo.
Kungenzeka uqinise masinyane lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala langempela, uthathe izithombo zingene ephaseji epholile, iveranda noma nelanga, uziveze emoyeni omusha. Kusukela ngehora noma amabili, ngesonto kuzovele kushiye izithombo emgwaqweni usuku lonke.
Ikhula iklabishi kusuka imbewu
Ukhipha amagciwane imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa, afudunyezwa ngamanzi ashisayo aze abe ngama-50 degrees imizuzu engama-20 bese ephola ngokushesha emanzini abilayo abilayo imizuzu engama-3-5. Uma ufisa, cwilisa isivuseleli sokukhula amahora amaningi.
Ukutshala iklabishi imbewu lapho uzotshala khona?
Izinsuku zokutshala ezisondele: izinhlobo zokuqala zihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kukaMashi, maphakathi nesizini - engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli, sekwephuzile - ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Hlwanyela imbewu ekujuleni okungadluli ku-1 cm. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, ikhava ngenhla ngamaphephandaba noma ngefilimu. Ngemuva kokuqhuma kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, bese kususwa amafilimu noma amashidi wephephandaba.
Izimo ezikhulayo zeklabishi
Khula iklabishi elimhlophe
Ngaphambi kwamahlumela okuqala, kuyadingeka ukulondolozwa kokushisa kwekamelo (+20 degrees). Bese wehlisela ku-6-10 degrees. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya, izithombo ziyelula bese zilala phansi ngokuqinile. Ezindlini zasemadolobheni, lokhu kunzima ukukusebenzisa, kepha kungenzeka uma uziyisa ku-loggia ekhanyisiwe. Izithombo kumele zingene umoya. Kanye ngesonto, uthele isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (3 amagremu ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Iklabishi elikhethwe
Lapho kuvela iqabunga lokuqala leqiniso (amasonto ayi-1.5-2 emva kokuhluma), kutalwa izithombo - ezitshalwe emabhodweni, kumakhasethi noma ngaphezulu kwendawo enkulu. Ihora ngaphambi kokumba, kuthelwa amanzi amaningi. Bayibumba bayithatha ngesixha somhlaba, impande ifinyezwa cishe ingxenye yesithathu. Kutshaliwe, kujula kumacembe e-cotyledon.
Ukulinywa kweklabishi elimhlophe emhlabathini ovulekile
Hlwanyela ku-greenhouse ngemigqa, phakathi kwayo sishiye ama-8 cm .. Emgqeni ngemuva kokuhluma, sinciphisa ukuze okungenani i-5 cm ihlale phakathi kweklabishi.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-5-7 ezitshalweni zeklabishi yokuqala, ama-4-6 enkabeni naphakathi sekwephuzile atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukutshala iklabishi yokuqala emhlabathini ovulekile kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana - kusuka maphakathi kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kutshalwa izinhlobo sekwephuzile. Ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni, kukotshwa iklabishi eliphakathi. Ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu akufanele butshalwe, ngoba isitshalo sikhulu.
Tshala ntambama noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu, ukhulisa iqabunga lokuqala langempela. Ngemuva kokutshala, ukuthambisa kuyimpoqo.
Ukutshala iklabishi nokunakekelwa endaweni evulekile
Ikhula iklabishi esithombeni somhlaba ovulekile
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwezitshalo kuqukethe ukukhulula inhlabathi nokuchelela okuvamile. Iklabishi idinga inhlabathi enomswakama. Ngaphambi nje kokuvunwa, yeka ukuchelela (izinsuku ezingama-30- 40, ezindaweni ezomile eziyi-15).
Izici zeklabishi ekhulayo ngendlela ye-seedling-free isesimweni sokucophelela kwezithombo. Ungahlwanyela imbewu embalwa emgodini, umane ukhiphe eyengeziwe bese ushiya ihlumela elinamandla kunazo zonke.
Ezinye izinhlobo zeklabishi zitshalwa ngendlela elula yokuhluma, ngisho nangaphandle kokunisela: kanye nezimvula ezivame, emhlabathini ovundile. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha enhlabathini kuze kube ngu-1.5-3 cm. Iklabishi alwesabi isithwathwa, udinga ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lapho kuvela izithombo, kufanele zinqunywe ukuze kube khona okungenani okungenani amasentimitha angama-40 phakathi kwezitshalo, bese unakekela izitshalo njengenjwayelo.
Ukunisela
Ukutshala iklabishi nokunakekelwa endaweni evulekile
Iklabishi liniselwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwempande, amabala abanzi anezintambo ezijule angahlelwa ukulungiselela ukuchelela: amanzi azoqoqa ngqo ngokulandelana futhi anikeze izitshalo nomswakama izinsuku eziningana.
Ungakhohlwa ukukhulula umphezulu lapho womile. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela: izimpande zeklabishi ziba ntekenteke, zisobusweni. Ngakho-ke, ngokujula kuka-3 cm, ungamngcwabi umpheki eduze kwezithombo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukondliwa akumele kube ngaphezu kwesisodwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12, futhi ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuphela ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Umanyolo ojwayelekile womanyolo ovela kumanyolo, imisele yenkukhu noma otshanini obilisiwe uyathandwa. Ingxenye eyanele ye-litre yokwakhiwa kwesigaxa ebhakedeni lamanzi ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngokunikeza okuhle kwezinto ezilandelwayo nomsoco. Izinga lokugeleza kwekhambi ilitha leklabishi ngalinye.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ukuvimbela ukungonakaliswa yi-fly fly yeklabishi, tshala iklabishi kusenesikhathi ukuze kube nesikhathi sokuqina ngokwanele. Ngaphambi kokuphatha imbewu ngesixazululo sePretige noma enye i-ejenti yokulawula izinambuzane. Iklabishi lindiza amaqanda adonsela kude nesitshalo phansi, ngemuva kwesonto kuphume izibungu emaqandeni, ezichitha izimpande. Ukuze uqhubeke uqinise uhlelo lwezimpande, kusetshenziswa ama-hilling. Uma kutholakala izibungu, yelapha masinyane le ndawo ngama-insecticides, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesonto futhi.
Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, amakhambi eklabishi athinteka amaza anama-aphidas kanye nama-aphid. Ukusindisa izitshalo, zifafazwa ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlafunwe. Ngaphambi kokubopha amakhanda, ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile avela kuqhubu olubethelwayo kwamukelekile impela.
Isimo sezulu esimanzi, ama-slugs angavela. Lapho ulwa nabo, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali - ufafaze isiza nge-lwesinaphi noma pepper. Bese uqoqa i-slugs ngesandla bese ubhubhisa.
Ama-Butterflies debug amaqanda emaqabungeni, emva kwesikhashana kuvela amacimbi adle isitshalo. Abalimi bafuqa imibhede ngokufakwa eziqongweni zamazambane neziqu zetamatisi ngokufakwa kwesepha yokuwasha.
Ukuhlanza
Lapho amakhanda eklabishi eba mnene ngokwanele, ayanqunywa kanye namaqabunga amaningana (ukuze alale isikhathi eside).
Gcina emiphongolweni emnyama emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-+5 degrees, inesiqu phansi. Uma ukhipha futhi ulengise ophahleni, ungonga isivuno cishe kuze kube sentwasahlobo futhi iklabishi lizogcina amaqabunga ekrisimu engashintshiwe, ngeke aphele futhi aqhubeke nokunambitheka kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuvuna, kushiya amaqabunga eklabishi, asetshenziswa njengokudla kwemfuyo.
