Lapho kuqala ihlobo, izingadi zethu zigcwele imibala eminingi egqamile, egcwele iphunga lawo elihlukile. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi ehlobo bakhumbula isikhathi sokubanda kobusika futhi bakhule ngokucophelela izimbali ezomile - izitshalo ezingaligcina inkumbulo yehlobo futhi zihlobise amakhaya ethu kuze kufike intwasahlobo elandelayo. Phakathi kwezitshalo eziningi ezinjalo (i-miscanthus, izimpaphe zotshani, i-barley mane, isibalo, i-lunar, ikhumini, utshani bephepha, njll.), Kufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile ukuhlwanyelwa kwethayela noma isigaxa se-nap, i-nap, akuvamile ezingadini zethu, kungukuphikisana okuvela emndenini wetiye.
Umndeni wetiye ufaka cishe i-genera eyi-10 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300. I-Teasel ibonakala ngesakhiwo sokuqala sentyatyambo: isithonjana sivame ukuhlala ngezinsimbi ezinkulu noma zesibhakela; izimbali ezincane futhi ezivame ukuba nondescript "zibaleke" ezikhathini kusukela ezansi kuya phezulu. Ukuqhakaza okufana negagasi lalezi zitshalo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu: “amagagasi” aqhakaza kusuka maphakathi kwe-inflorescence kuya phezulu, kusukela kusisekelo se-inflorescence naphakathi nendawo - kuya kusukela kusisekelo se-inflorescence kuya phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, empeleni insimu ye-teeel ne-Teasel inedivayisi ehlekisayo evela kuzivakashi ezingafuneki ezivela emhlabeni wezinambuzane: amaqabunga awo esiqu akhula ndawonye abe yizingqimba ezimbili, zakha iziqukathi ezakhiwe ngenkomishi lapho amanzi anqwabelana khona; Akunakwenzeka ukuthi udabule izicupho ezinjalo zezinambuzane eziningi ezinwabuzelayo ezikhuphuka isiqu.
I-Teasel (Dipsacus sativus) - Ukubuka amasiko - kuhlala indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwephilisi. Amabhulashi ayo yizikali ezinohlonze, eziqinile futhi ezinwebekile, ezikhombe futhi zigobe phansi ziboshwe, kanti ezinhlotsheni eziningi zasendle ziqondile futhi azikhohlakali. Kungakho, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izigaxa zalo zokuzala (i-tufted cones) bezisetshenziselwa ukugcona izindwangu. Ekwenzeni izindwangu ezithambile zikotini (amashaneli, i-velvet) futhi ikakhulukazi imishini yokudlala esezingeni eliphakeme, i-nap cone ibaluleke isikhathi eside kakhulu. Inhloso yezomnotho yangaphambili yalesi sitshalo ibonakala kwamanye amagama - intambo, isikhafu. Lolu hlobo lwadotshwa kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu ngezinjongo zezimboni nokuthekelisa, nangengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XVIII. owaziwa emasikweni naseRussia, ngisho nangemva kwalokho - eMelika. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwamakhadi ensimbi wokufakelwa izindwangu, inani lezimboni lezigaxa zenqwaba selinciphile. E-USSR, itiye kwakotshalwa eCrimea, eCaucasus naseCentral Asia. Imbewu yalolu hlobo iqukethe inqwaba yamafutha (kuze kufike ku-30%), yayisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezinyoni zezingoma. Imvelaphi yokuhlwanyelwa kwetiye ayikaziwa kahle, kodwa kunombono wokuthi yaqalwa kudala kusukela kwidiya yasendle yaseMedithera (D. ferox).
Namuhla, inkazimulo imbali enhle yomisiwe kuphela evimbe lesi sitshalo ukuba singabikhona empilweni yethu yansuku zonke.. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezine zethephu, elungele ukusetshenziswa njengezimbali ezomile, ithiseli lihle kunawo wonke, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, linezithelo ezinkulu nezinamandla kakhulu - “izigaxa”. Lesi sitshalo siyinto eyintandokazi yama-florists womabili njengomhlobiso ozimele wekhaya, nangokwakhiwa. Teasel futhi ubukeka emuhle engadini. Futhi ebusika, esisele esizeni futhi senziwe uthuli, kubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu.
© i-OliBac
Ukuhlwanyela kwezinhlamvu - isitshalo esikhulu esinesiqu esingu-1 - 2 m ukuphakama enamaqabunga aphambili, agxunyekwe izisekelo zazo. Ama-rosette ase-basal anamandla, akhiwa amaqabunga akhanyayo ayishumi nambili. Iziqu eziveza izimbali kulo lonke ubude zinamahlumela, zihlotshisiwe futhi zithwala “izigaxa” ezingama-20. Lama “cones” anesimo se-cylindrical, ubude bawo bufika ku-10 cm, angamasayizi ahlukahlukene ngisho nasesihlahleni esifanayo.
Ukusika kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, lapho izigaxa zifinyelela ukuvuthwa, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ziphenduke nsundu emvuleni, zikwenze ngesimo sezulu esomile. Kuvuthwe ngokugcwele, banombala onsundu, futhi uma usikwe ngaphambili, bayoba luhlaza (indaba yokunambitheka). Ukugwema ukulimaza izandla zakho, gqoka ama-gauntlets noma amagilavu, ngaphandle kwalokho igazi alinakugwenywa. I-Teasel ayigcinanga kuphela ngezigaxa ezithandekayo, kodwa futhi inama-peduncle aqinile we-splintery. Ngaphambi kokomiswa, kungcono ukuthi ususe ameva ezihlahleni ngommese obukhali, futhi ukhiphe imbewu, kubalulekile ukubamba ummese amahlandla amaningana ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Amathoni anqunywe ngengxenye ye-peduncle yomiswa izinsuku ezingama-4 - 5 emthunzini, alenga phansi ngama-inflorescence. Ngemuva kwalokho, susa amaqabunga ezisekelweni bese uwela ngaphezulu, faka ibhokisi lekhadibhodi bese uligcina egumbini elomile elingashisi.
Yize i-team esewonke ingathembeki kakhulu, isitshalo esibekezelela isomiso futhi esibandayo, izitshalo ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu futhi Izigaxa ezinkulu zingena kulokho okuvundayo ngokulinganayo, endaweni enelanga - inhlabathi yokutshala kufanele ibe manzi ngokulinganiselwe, ivulekile, inesakhiwo esivumelanayo, ifane ngokufana futhi ingavundile kakhulu: isitshalo siyenqaba ukuqhakaza enhlabathini “enamafutha kakhulu” (“amagremu”), nomhlaba omanzi kakhulu, onamanga ophansi ugcwele izitshalo ezifudumeza entwasahlobo.
© H. Zell
Qhakaza ukuqhuma ngo-Agasti. Inyanga ngemuva kokuqhakaza (ngoSepthemba), imbewu ivuthwa - i-tetrahedral, enkulu, igcina ukuhluma kwayo isikhathi eside (3-4 g). Uma zingaqoqiwe ngesikhathi, zilala ngokwanele, bese zigcwala amasamu we-samosevoy ngokushesha ezinhlakeni ezintsha. Angagijima endle futhi akhule ezindaweni eziseduzane ezilahliwe. Lapho ukhetha omakhelwane itiye, khumbula ukuthi kunolaka futhi kungamanzisa izitshalo zethenda eziseduze.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-2 - 2,5 cm ekwindla, ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuvunwa, imvamisa ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kungcono ukubatshala ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Imbewu ye-Teasel inkulu, ifinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, inesikhumba esiminyene, idinga ukugcotshwa kuqala amahora angama-2-3 kusixazululo somanyolo wezimbali noma isixazululo esimbala sipinki se-potanganum permanganate; banesilinganiso sokuhluma eduze kwe-100%, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwabeka abe yizicucwana ezifuywayo emva kwesiqeshana esingu-5 - 7 cm.
© Eugene Zelenko
Ngonyaka wokuqala, kwakhiwa ama-rosette amaqabunga kuphela kuze kube sebusika. Uma izitolo zikhula eduze, khona-ke ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili zikhungelwe ngokucophelela futhi zitshalwe - indawo yazo yokudla kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-60 x 30 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho izigaxa zizoba zincane. Izitshalo ziyakubekezelela ukufakelwa kahle. Ekwindla, kusiza ukususa amaqabunga amaningi amancane aluhlaza kuma-rosette aqobayo; ebusika, izitshalo zidinga ukuhanjiswa kancane futhi zimbozwe ngamagatsha ayi-spruce ukuze zingabandi ebusika elingenaqhwa; ukumboza kufanele kube kuphela kokuqalwa kwamaqabunga abalulekile (-5 ... -7 ° C), lapho inhlabathi ibanda ibe ngu-3-5 cm; I-Shelter ngeke isindise lesi sitshalo kuphela kusuka kuqhwa ebusika, kepha futhi izophinda isindise ukusongelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kokuncipha kwezimpande) kokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga; ikhava kufanele isuswe kuphela ngemuva kokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi inyibilike ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, ungenza inani elincane lomanyolo we-nitrogen.
Ukushiya kuhlanganisa ukhula, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokunisela.
I-Teasel (i-Dipsacus)I-Teasel ingahlushwa i-Powdery isikhutha, ebonakala ngendlela yamabala amhlophe grey ngeziqu namaqabunga, kanye nokuqina kwesisekelo sesiqu. I-Cinnamaria Teelle ilimaza itiye (izinhlobo ezilimele ezomile noma ze-voids kuzo), kanye namagundane.
Ukwakha kangcono izithelo esitshalweni eziqhakaza, nciza isiqu esimaphakathi, futhi emagatsheni e-oda lokuqala asuse wonke amahlumela aseceleni, ugcine izigaxa ezi-6 - 10 kuphela ehlathini. Lezi zindlela zikuvumela ukuba wakhe izigaxa ezinkulu ezithuthukile kuma-peduncle amade.
Ukuzala kwe-Teasel muhle impela futhi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa futhi babukeka kahle ngemuva kokupenda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa upende we-watercolor, uyinki, uyinki, i-aniline nemibala yokudla, iziqholo.
Ngobusuku bonyaka omusha, ungamangaza izivakashi ngokwelapha inqwaba yesigaxa sikaphayini ngosawoti.
- Thela imbiza eyihafu-litre ngamanzi abilayo, lapho udala khona isisombululo se-sodium chloride, uyipholise kancane. Kulesi sixazululo, wehlisa isigaxa esisodwa bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbili. Amakristalu kasawoti kancane kancane angaqhakaza futhi akhule ekuvundeni. Ngemuva kwalokho khipha bese usomisa isithelo, futhi uzothola “izinhlayiya zeqhwa” ezimangazayo.
I-Teasel (i-Dipsacus)Ungakhohlwa kuphela ngaphambi kwalo msebenzi ukufaka ucingo oluqinile esiqwini ukuze lungaphuli, ngoba isigaxa sizosinda. Uma, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obulinganayo, inqwaba iphathwa ngesixazululo se-sulfate yethusi, izobukeka igxunyekiwe ngamatshe emeraldi.
Ebusika, izingcezwana zezitshalo ezomile, ezingadingi ukunakekelwa noma ukuthambisa, zijabule kakhulu!
