Phakathi kwama-bromeliads, izitshalo ezimbalwa zingaqhathaniswa nobukhulu nobukhazikhazi bama-rosette anama-nidulariums. Amaqabunga aqhakazile, acwebezelayo, anokusanhlamvu aqoqiwe aqoqiwe kuma-rosette abunjwe ngengilazi. Ukuqhakaza kweNidularium, kanye nokulungiswa kwamaqabunga aqhakaza izimbali, akubonakali kuxakile. I-inflorescences ilele ku-funnel kuma-peduncle amade kakhulu futhi iyamangaza ngesakhiwo sayo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, ama-nidularium abonwa njengesitshalo esinokwethenjelwa ngokumangazayo, esilula futhi esihle kakhulu esingabeka i-accents ezolile phakathi nendawo.
INidularium yiyona egqamile phakathi kwama-bromeliads.
I-Scarlet Narularium ebabazekayo enamaqabunga ama-Spectacular
Emndenini wakwaBromeliad, cishe zonke izitshalo ziqhosha ngombala okhanyayo, okuhlobisa kwazo okudlula izimbali ngokwazo. E-nidularium, leli khwalithi liphinyiselwa ngokukhethekile: ubomvu obumenyezelayo, okwenza ama-inflorescences abukeke njengezinkanyezi, ama-brices aleli bromeliad abukeka emangalisa ikakhulukazi. Lesi sitshalo asibheki njengento engafani nemfashini engafani nemfashini phakathi kwama-epiphytes, sinqoba ngokuvumelana nokubukeka kwemvelo.
AmaNidularia ama-epiphytes nama-bromeliad asemhlabeni enza amathokheni amahle, amelwe kakhulu emvelweni emahlathini aseAmazon asendaweni eshisayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala eBrazil.
Igama elithi nidularium litholwe ukuhlonipha ilungiselelo elikhethekile lama-inflorescences afihlekile ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezithengiswayo - kusukela esiNgisini "esidlekeni" - "nidus".
Phakathi kwama-nidularium kukhona zombili izitshalo ezingama-epiphytes nezitshalo zomhlaba, zonke zingamatshe, zibonakaliswa ngama-rhizomes angajwayelekile, acwebile, angenayo i-voluminous kanye nokushaqeka okumangazayo kwamagobongo amaqabunga. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe amaqabunga ayi-15 aqoqiwe endaweni okukhishwa kuyo i-nidularium, yize kunezitshalo ezizikhiqizayo kuze kube ngamashumi amane.
Umbala ogqamile, ophethe i-olive tint, umbala wamaqabunga wenza i-nidularium ibe nenhle kakhulu. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokulandelanayo, aqondile, athanda noma abanzi i-lanceolate ebanzi, aze afike ku-60 cm ubude ububanzi obungu-4 cm. Unqenqema olukhonjisiwe luvame kakhulu ukwedlula ukungabi nalutho, kanti onqenqemeni olunamasango amancane kwesinye isikhathi luhlanganiswa namazinyo nesikhafu. Amaqabunga ama-nidulariums aqine kakhulu.
Amanye ama-nidularium aboniswa amandla okuphinda aphindise amaqabunga angaphakathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Imichilo emide emaqabungeni ayijwayelekile.
Ngaphandle kokukhetha, ama-nidulariums akhiqiza ama-inflorescence aqinile ayinkimbinkimbi. Bahlala ngokujulile kwi-rosette kuma-peduncle afinyelela ku-20 cm ubude, eqinisweni alala emacembe. Amabhuleki asondelene ne-inflorescence, acwebile, amafushane kunehlamvu eliyisihluthulelo, aqhamile ekuphumeni.
Amabhuluki angaphakathi e-nidularium amafushane kunangaphandle, athuthukisa umphumela wamaphayini wezimbali. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amaqabunga aqhakaza abe luhlaza. Izimbali ezingafika kwezi-6 esiqwini ngasinye zivame ukungafani, yize kunezinhlobo ezinezimbali ezinhle kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-7 cm). Amakhanda we-inflorescence aminyene, akhiwe endaweni ebanzi, anamakhulu, kepha awawona amakhulu.
I-nidularium ibonakala isikhathi sezimbali ezimangalisayo.
Lezi zitshalo zingathokozisa ngamakhanda aqhakazile ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya kuZibandlela, okukhombisa ukumelana okunamandla. Izikhathi zezimbali zingahluka ngokuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa.
Ngokungafani nama-bromeliads amaningi, i-nidularium ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ifana nokufana kwamakoloni - imicamelo eminyene yezinqwaba zezitshalo. Wakha izingane ngamanani amakhulu.
UNidularium Innocent (Nidularium innocentii).
I-Nidularium aimurea (Nidularium aimureum).
I-bridant nidularium (i-Nidularium fulgens). ©UVitaly alyonkin
Izinhlobo zama-nidulariums wokukhula emakamelweni
Lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo emvelweni sifanekiselwa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili ezifane komunye nomunye ngamaqabunga, kepha zihlukile ngombala we-inflorescence. Ngokwesiko elingaphakathi, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi zalesi sitshalo.
Nidularium Innocent (I-Nidularium innocentii) - ukubuka okuhle okunamaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Amaqabunga afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude abanzi, abunjwe ngebhande, ngombala oluhlaza ogqamile nemivimbo emide yokukhanya, ebonakala ngokungalingani. Umphetho othunyelwe ngesigaxa ugcizelela ubukhulu be-rosette, kanti ukuqina nokuqina kwamaqabunga kuvumela isitshalo ukuba sibukeke siqine ngokwengeziwe. Amacembe asemasha abomvu. Kumaqabunga aphezulu, amathiphu abuyiselwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Izimbali ezimhlophe ze-Nondescript kuma-spikelet inflorescence ziqoqwa emakhanda ayinkimbinkimbi afihlwe ngaphansi kwamabhuloki. AmaNidularium Innocent blooms kusuka ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kobusika.
INidularium Magenta (I-Nidularium aimureum) - Kufana kakhulu nombono wangaphambilini ngamaqabunga amancanyana womugqa, kulondolozwa ukuhlobisa kungakhathalekile ukujikeleza kwezimbali. Amaqabunga aphenduka abomvu angalingani, ikakhulukazi umbala obomvu okhanyayo uvela maduze ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Izimbali zinhle, zinamathuna abomvu namacembe, afinyelela ku-5 cm ubude, ziqoqwe ngama-spikelets ezikhaleni zamagobolondo amakhulu, abomvu, obanzi kakhulu. I-nidularium egreyidi ingaqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
I-bridant nidularium (I-Nidularium fulgens) - okhanyayo ngemibala yezinhlobo zama-nidulariums. I-epiphyte esezishisayo nesezindaweni ezishisayo idume ngamaqabunga ayo acwebezelayo anemibala efekethisiwe, eluhlaza okotshani kanye nokuvela okulinganayo okugqamile phezulu kwesiqalo ngopende obomvu nobunsomi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Amacembe aphezulu anqamule kancane. Lolu hlobo lwama bloid e-nidularium kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuZibandlela, ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo kanye nokukhanya.
I-Nidularium bilberg-sha (I-Nidularium billbergioides) - Isiphetho saseBrazil esikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo. I-Epiphytic noma i-semi-epiphytic ene-rosette enhle equkethe amaqabunga amade ayi-10-16, amancanyana. Ubude bamaqabunga busuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-50 cm ngobubanzi obuyi-4 cm kuphela, buwavumela ukuthi abukeke umangalisa kakhulu. Ama-rosette amise okomshini obukeka sengathi acocekile kakhulu ngenxa yesakhiwo esilinganayo nesihloko esishiwoyo samaqabunga.
Umbala oluhlaza ogqamile uhlanganiswa nonqenqema oluhle olucwiywe kahle, ugcizelela umbala othize we-inflorescence walezi zitshalo. Amakhanda ayinkimbinkimbi afinyelela ku-8 cm ubude aqukethe ama-spikelets asampile anezimbali ezimhlophe ezingavuthi obumnyama noma obomvu, ezifihliwe ngokuphelele kuma-axils we-lemins brices. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izinkanyezi eziphuzi ze-inflorescence ziba luhlaza kancane. Lolu hlobo lwe-nidularium luyakwazi ukuqhakaza ngoMeyi, Julayi noma Disemba, kuye ngezimo zobusika nokukhanya.
I-nidularium ephezulu (I-Nidularium procerum) isitshalo esihle kakhulu futhi esidumile. Ekuphakameni okufika ku-50-70 cm, kwakha umgodi omnyama kakhulu, omangalisayo wokuphuma, kwesinye isikhathi oqukethe amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-40. Ngobude, amaqabunga angadlula i-60 cm ngobubanzi obungafika ku-2,5 cm, angamaringi alulimi, anezisekelo ezinqenqelwe kanye nethawula elimfushane noma elibukhali, onqenqemeni olujwayelekile olucwengekile kanye nemikhawulo. Ukuthungwa okucwebezelayo kuhlangene nombala oluhlaza ocebile oluhlaza.
Ezitobhini ezifushane kukhona izikhala zemvelo ezinamabhulokhi anefilimu futhi enkulu, efinyelela kuzimbali ezingama-7 cm ezinamaphawu amhlophe-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le nidularium ivame ukuqhakaza ngaphambili kunezinye izinhlobo - ngo-Ephreli noma ngo-Agasti. Uhlobo lokuhlobisa iKermezan (kermesianum) luhlukile kunhlobo yesisekelo ngombala okhanyayo wamaqabunga.
UNidularium Burchella (INidularium burchellii) iyinhlobo ephakathi nendawo efinyelela kuma-30 cm ukuphakama, ibe ngaphansi kwabazalwane ngenani lamaqabunga. Izilimi, ezinethiphu ebukhali, ukusuka ku-20 cm kuya kwengxenye yemitha ubude, zihlanganiswe irosette ebunjiwe ukumangala nokumangala ngomphetho owenziwe ngamaphayiphu abonakalayo nangombala ophindwe kabili - okuluhlaza ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamapuleti amaqabunga kanye ne-cherry emnyama - ngaphansi. Ama-peduncle amafushane amnyama acishe ahlala lapho kuphuma khona impahla, axhumanise ama-inflorescence ayinkimbinkimbi ngombala omfushane ohlaza okotshani nezimbali ezingenalutho. Lolu hlobo lwe-nidularium lungaqhakaza futhi ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kobusika.
I-Nidularium bilberg-shape (Nidularium billbergioides).
I-nidularium ephezulu (i-Nidularium procerum).
UNidularium Burchella (Nidularium burchellii).
Izimo zokukhula kwama-nidulariums angaphakathi
AmaNidularium abhekwa njengokulula ukukhulisa izitshalo. Kulula ukukhetha izimo zokutshala kwazo: azidingi ukwehla okuqinile ebangeni lokushisa ebusika, noma ukukhanya okukhanyayo, zivumelana kahle namakamelo ahlukene nezindawo ezihlukile.
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi
Inzuzo enkulu yamaNidularium ngaphezulu kwabaqhudelani bawo ibilokhu ibhekwa njengezidingo zabo zokukhanya eziphansi. Lesi sitshalo singakhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umphumela waso wokuhlobisa, silungele ukuklama hhayi kuphela ama-sill wewindows (ngaphandle kwamawindi asenyakatho), kepha nesikhala ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi.
Ngenxa yamaqabunga amahle nobunyoninco, ama-nidulariums abukeka emuhle kumantombazane wezimbali namabhokisi wezimbali, ezingomeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zingatshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, nakuma-florariums, nasezivandeni zama-bromeliads noma ezibukweni zezimbali.
AmaNidulariums akhula kahle emthunzini okhethiweyo. Balahlekelwa yimibala yabo emihle ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, abakwazi ukuma ilanga eliqondile. Futhi ukuze le bromeliad iveze ubuhle bayo ngokuphelele, kufanelekile ukukhetha indawo engaphakathi ngokukhanya okulinganiselwe, okufiphele. Ngokwesithunzi esinamandla, i-nidularium ngeke ikhule ngokujwayelekile, izinga lokususwa efasiteleni likhethwe kahle ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwesitshalo, ligxile ekukhuleni nasekuvunduleni kwamaqabunga.
Ukulungiswa kokukhanyisa ubusika kule bromeliad kuyinto efiselekayo. Ukukhanyiswa kufanele kuhlale kungashintshiwe (kucatshangelwa izinsuku zobumnyama ebusika), izihlahla zidluliselwa kumawindows, zabiwe indawo emafasiteleni aseningizimu, uma kungenzeka.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane
Ukukhula kwama-nidulariums kuphele ngokuphelele ebusika. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi badinga isikhathi sokuphumula esipholile. Akudingekile ukudala izimo ezijwayelekile zama-exotic alesi sitshalo: kwanele ukuthi sehlise izinga lokushisa ngamadigri ambalwa nje, ukusuka ku-18 kuya ku-20 degrees wokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elivumelekile eliphansi lesi sitshalo lingama-16 degrees, izimo ezibanda kakhulu zivumelekile kuphela isikhathi esifushane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ama-nidulariums azizwa kahle kunoma yiliphi izinga lokushisa lekamelo. Izinkomba ezincane - cishe ama-20 degrees okushisa, okuphezulu - cishe ngama-26 degrees. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, ama-nidulariums adinga amazinga aphezulu omswakama.
Naphezu kokuzithoba kanye nesimo sesitshalo okulula ukusikhulisa, ama-nidulariums amangaza ngokungathokozi ngokuzwa kwawo komoya ongahlanzeki nokungakasebenzi. Izitshalo azigcini nje ngokuhlupheka, kepha ziyagula uma zihlala zithintana nentuthu kagwayi, zikhule ekhishini ngaphandle komoya omncane, noma uma zibekwe ezindaweni ezinokunyakaza okusebenzayo kokugeleza komoya.
Ifomu le-Nidularium Innocent variegated.
Ukunakekelwa kweNidularium ekhaya
Into enzima kakhulu ukunakekela i-nidularium ukugcina amazinga aphezulu omswakama. Kepha njengoba izindlela ezilula zingasatshalaliswa, akukho bunzima okufanele buvele kulokhu, ngisho naphakathi kwabalimi abangenalwazi.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Njengama-bromeliad amaningi, ama-nidulariums awasabeli kahle kumhlabathi omanzi. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngamanzi ngokuvimbela, sivumele i-substrate ukuba yome phakathi kwalezi zinqubo. Kungcono ukubhekisisa izinga lokomiswa kwenhlabathi. Nisela isitshalo ngendlela ye-classical, ugcwalise ithoyizi.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kusetshenziswa indlela yesibili kuphela. I-funnel yamaqabunga ama-nidulariums igcwaliswa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokuphakama, igcina izinga lamanzi lihlala likhona. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa ekuniseleni kwe-classical, i-substrate yomiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi inani lamanzi lilinganiselwe. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-degrees angama-20, ungafafaza esikhundleni sokunisela.
Nge-nidularium, ungasebenzisa kuphela amanzi athambile anesilinganiso sokushisa esilingana lokushisa lomoya noma okushisa kancane.
AmaNidulariums adinga okungenani umswakama womoya. Lesi sitshalo sihlangabezana kabi nobude bezinto zomoya noma izinto zokushisa, asithandi ukuguquka kwezimo ngokuzumayo. Kungenzeka, kepha akudingekile, ukwandisa umswakama wama-nidularium ngokufaka ama-humidifiers. Imvamisa, izinyathelo ezinjalo zithathwa uma izitshalo zisetshenziswa ezingomeni noma emaqenjini namanye ama-bromeliads asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Uma ama-nidularium etshalwe ngokuhlukaniswa okumnandi, kwanele ukufeza ukufafaza njalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ukufafaza kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Uma umoya womile kakhulu ebusika, futhi amazinga okushisa angama-20 degrees noma edlula lesi sikhombisi, ukufafazwa kubuyiselwa kuhlelo olujwayelekile lokunakekela. Okwe-nidularium, mhlawumbe ukufafaza kuze kube kathathu ngosuku.
Amaqabunga esitshalo kufanele ahlanze uthuli njalo ngokusebenzisa indwangu emanzi noma isiponji futhi axubeke kahle indawo, ngokuqikelela ukuthi angathinti onqenqemeni olugxilisiwe. Kulesi sitshalo, awukwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ukunika amahlamvu ukukhanya.
Ukufakwa nokufakwa komanyolo
Ngama-nidulariums, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Imvamisa ejwayelekile yesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki angama-2-3 isifanele impela lesi sitshalo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwalesi sitshalo kwenziwa kuphela ngamanzi okunisela, indlela ekhethwayo ukugcwalisa ukuphuma.
Nge-nidularium, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wendawo yonke noma amalungiselelo akhethekile ama-bromeliads. Imithamo yomquba enconywe ngumenzi ingamiswa kahle kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sizwela nitrogen ngokweqile.
Ngama-nidulariums, ukugqoka okuphezulu kusetshenziswa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Transplant kanye substrate
Ukufakelwa kwale bromeliad kwenziwa lapho isitshalo singakaqali ukuthuthuka lapho (inhlabathi esethangi ikhule kahle). Imvamisa ama-nidularium atshalwa ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni eyi-2-3.
Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izitshalo zikhetha okunempilo, okuvundayo, okuthe xaxa okunomswakama, okusezingeni eliphezulu kwenhlabathi. INidularium ingatshalwa hhayi kuphela enhlabathini ekhethekile yama-bromeliads, noma ihlala iyindlela ekhethwayo. Uma inhlabathi ixutshwa ngokuzimela, khona-ke ilungiswa ngesisekelo senhlabathi we-turf, inhlabathi yamaqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso se-1: 1: 1: 0.5. Noma kungxenyeni engathengiwe yalesi sitshalo, kufakwa amalahle.
Okwama-nidularium, udinga ukukhetha iziqukathi eziphakathi nendawo. Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngokweqile ngohlelo oluyimpande lwesitshalo cishe njalo kuholela hhayi ezinkingeni zokukhula kuphela, kepha futhi ekusakazweni kokubola. Kukhethwa amabhodwe abanzi angajulile.
Lapho udlulisa ama-nidularium, udinga ukuphatha ngokucophelela isitshalo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi intamo yezimpande ayicwilisiwe enhlabathini. Isendlalelo esikhulu kakhulu samanzi sibekwa phansi ezitsheni (ukuphakama okuphelele kungu-1/3 ukuphakama kwetangi).
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Ukunisela ngokweqile kanye nokuthamba kuyingozi kakhulu kwi-nidularium. Isitshalo siyafa ngokushesha ngokubola. Uma sikhuluma ngokuhlukumezeka okuncane ekunakekelweni, ungathola ngokumisa ngokuphelele i-substrate. Uma isimo sibucayi, inhlabathi is swampy, iphunga ngokungathandeki, kunezimpawu zokuthuthuka kwesikhunta, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo ngokuphathwa kokulimala kanye nokunisela okuvinjelwe ngesisombululo se-fungicides kuyadingeka.
Kwezinambuzane ezikwi-nidularium, kutholakala izinambuzane ezikala esikalini, izibungu zesicabucabu, kanye nama-aphid. Ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinambuzane kungenzeka kuphela ngokwelapha ngama-insecticides ngokuhambisana nokususa izinambuzane ezitshalweni.
Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhuleni kwama-nidulariums:
- ukomiswa kwamaqabunga at umswakama ophansi;
- ukuvela kwamabala amhlophe elangeni ngqo;
- ukomisa amathiphu amaqabunga lapho uthambisa ngamanzi kanzima futhi womisa amanzi endaweni ephumayo;
- ukuntuleka kwezimbali ezimanzi;
- amahlamvu egxila emoyeni owomile ngokweqile;
- ukuvila, amaqabunga e-turgor alahlekile ngesikhathi sokuchichima;
- ukufiphaza amaqabunga ngokufaka amanzi enhlabathini.
INidularium isakazwe kalula ngokuhlukaniswa okulula kwezitshalo ezindala.
Ukusakazeka kwe-nidularium
Njengawo wonke ama-bromeliad, i-nidularium isatshalaliswa kalula ngokuhlukaniswa okulula kwezitshalo ezindala ezakha amakoloni, ukuhlukaniswa kwama-rosette endodakazi ngayinye. Ukuphuma kukamama kuyafa ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kodwa inzalo eyakhiwe ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungahlukanisa izitolo ezinamaqabunga okungenani ama-3-4 kanye nohlelo lwazo lwezimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala, ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile, amakhethini endodakazi i-nidularium agcinwa ekushiseni, emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-27 degrees, ngaphansi kwekhola noma ingilazi, kancane kancane ajwayela izimo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula.
Uma ufisa, ungakhulisa le bromeliad kusuka embewini, kepha ayitholakali ngokuthengiswa. Imbewu yeNidularium ifakwa kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngesihlabathi se-peat substrate noma i-moss echotshoziwe, ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu. Ezingeni lokushisa elingama-degrees angama-23, ngokufafaza njalo noma komoya, izithombo zikhule izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu bese zingena ezitsheni ezinkulu ezifulethini.
Zidluliselwa ezitsheni ngazinye kuphela lapho ziba namandla, ngokwesilinganiso ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-6-8. Ama-nidulariums wezimbali adinga ukulinda kuphela kusuka onyakeni wesine.
