Impela, izakhamizi eziningi zezwe lethu zijwayele isitshalo esinotshani obumnandi obungatholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo: emahlathini akhanyayo, emaphethelweni, emameleni angaphezulu komhlaba. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziningi zeSt wort - hypericum perforatum (I-Hypericum i-perforatum).
I-Hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum)AbakwaSt John Wort abalutholile baluthola kanjani uthando hhayi phakathi kwabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi naphakathi kososayensi, ikakhulukazi odokotela? Izinzuzo zezitshalo azinakubalwa. Ine-vithamini C, i-carotene, uwoyela obalulekile nama-tannins, izinto ezibolile. Ukulungiselela okwenziwe kusuka ku-wort yase-St. KaJohn kunezinto ezi-astringent, he hentatic and antimicrobial, ziyakwazi ukukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu. Ngenxa yalokho uqanjwa igama lokuthi abantuikhambi lezifo ezingama-99“.
Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezindlela zokwelapha zeHypericum perforatum, bheka i-athikili iSt.
Kodwa-ke, isitshalo esihlonitshwa yithina, sesibe ukhula olubi kumadlelo aseNyakatho Melika, e-Australia, naseNew Zealand. Kungani abalimi bakula mazwe bekhathazeke kangaka? Kuyavela ukuthi ukulwa nezilo kubangela izifo ezinzima zemfuyo. Amahhashi nezimvu zizwela kakhulu kuye. Yebo, yilapho igama livela khona "ISt. Wort“.
Izinhlobo zeSt. Wort zitholakala endalweni ezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele, ngisho naku-savannah yase-Afrika. Imithambeka yezintaba, kuya esifundeni se-alpine, ayihlukile kuyo. Ngakho-ke, i-wort yaseKenya iSt. John itholakala ngisho endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4300 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ngokwemvelo, ukubukeka kwalezi zitshalo kuhlukile. Zingaba ngotshani obuphansi kakhulu, izihlahlana, lapho ingxenye yasemoyeni ifa khona ebusika, icishe ithambile, izinwabuzelayo noma izihlahla eziqondile ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, zombili ezihlala ziluhlaza futhi ziqabile. Ngisho nezihlahla eziphansi zidumile. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi zeSt wort zikhula, ziyaqhakaza futhi zingahambi kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele nezifudumele kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubakhule endaweni yabo, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zilungele isimo sezulu sethu.
Kumele ngisho khona lapho ukuthi phakathi kwezinhlobo zemvelo ezinamakhambi kuneziningi ezinamaqabunga ebusika, kepha azihlobisi kangako kunalezo zekharoni.
I-Hypericum calyxinum (Hypericum calycinum)Yini i-hypericum engatshalwa enkabeni yeRussia? Ukukhetha ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlobisa kakhulu, Ababazi. L. wabahlukanisa ebusika hardiness baba amaqembu amathathu. Izitshalo zokuqala zingakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi wonyaka ka -29 ° С, elesibili - kuze kufike ku-24 ° С, kanti okwesithathu - kuze kufike ku-17 ° С. Yizinhlobo ezivela eqenjini lokuqala ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu noma ezingatheni ngebhande eliphakathi leRussia. Isibonelo ISt. Wort (UH. densiflorum) noKalma (N. kalmianum). Owokuqala usempumalanga, owesibili ezifundeni eziphakathi neNyakatho Melika. Bahlukaniswa ukuphakama kwesihlahla. Uma i-wort yase-St John ingafinyelela ku-3 m, khona-ke i-worma yase-St John ayidluli imitha eyi-1. Lezi zinhlobo zombili zinamaqabunga athambile, amnyama aluhlaza ane-tint eblue. Izimbali zabo zomlotha ophuzi, eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aminyene e-corymbose, ziyavela maphakathi nehlobo futhi ziyaqhubeka zivuleka kuze kube ekwindla.
Izinhlobo zeqembu lesibili, ngaphandle kokuqina kwazo, kufanele zitshalwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo, bese kuthi ebusika zimboze uhlelo lwezimpande ngamaqabunga noma ngamagatsha ayi-spruce. Masinyane yenza ukubhuka okuyo kuthi endaweni lokushisa lika -25mayelanaNgalezi zinyathelo, zizokhombisa ukungakwaneli, izitshalo zingajabula noma zife imbala. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile ukubakhulisa eningizimu yeMoscow. Izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zaleli qembu zingabizwa ngokuthi i-Olimpiki Beast (H. i-olimpicum). Izwe lakubo yiBulgaria neTurkey. Lokhu kufiphele, ngamagatsha aqotayo, noma isihlahlana esihuqayo esinamaqabunga amancanyana, afinyelela kuma-4 cm ubude ama-super-solid, elliptical, amaqabunga athambile anesikhumba. Umbala wayo ophuzi noma ophuzi okhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi obenombala obomvu, izimbali ezimise okwezinkanyezi, eziqoqwe emabuntshini, zivele emaphethelweni agijimayo ngoJulayi. ISt John wort inezinhlobonhlobo "ICitrinum" ("ICitrinum") ngezimbali ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-3.5 cm ubukhulu.
ISt. Wort (N. androsaemum) ukusuka kuCaucasus. Inama-stamens amade egolide avela ezimbali ezimile ophuzi. Muhle futhi nezithelo zawo ezinobomvu, obomvu ngokugqamile, imiphongolo yamagxolo, lapho uvuthwa iba mnyama. Emvelweni kukhona ifomu elinamaqabunga amhlophe-apinki, elenza ukuthi kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezinamaphepha amnyama onsomi namaqabunga aphuzi egolide.
Leli qembu lifaka futhi i-calyx ebanjwe yinkanyezi (H. calycinum), ukukhula eCrimea naseTranscaucasia. Lesi isihlahla esihlala sikhula njalo, sikhula kancane kakhulu, singeqi ku-0-0-0.6 m ukuphakama, kepha sinobukhulu obungafika ku-8 cm ubukhulu, izimbali eziphuzi zegolide elilodwa kanye nezikhumba ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama amaqabunga. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okuhamba isikhathi futhi okude, kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSeptemba, kukhulisa kakhulu inani lalokhu kubukeka kokuhlobisa.
Ekugcineni, iqembu lesithathu lifaka phakathi abaningi ababukeka kakhulu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, i-hypericum egqoke kakhulu. Izici zabo zokuhlobisa ziboniswa ngokuphelele eningizimu. Isibonelo, lesi isihlahlana esimfushane, esivulekile, esihlala sikhona ISt. Wort kwesikhumba (N. coris). Ukuphakama kwaso akudluli ku-45 cm. Amaqabunga amancanyana womugqa wombala ogqamile. Amacembe eGolide aphuzi emithanjeni ane-hue ebomvu. Ilungele ama-rockeries ne-scree eyomile. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yekhulu le-XIX, kwatholakala uhlobo lwe-hybrid - enamahloni I-Moser (N. x moserianum) - shrub 0,3-0.5 m mude ngama-red arched-red drooping amahlumela abomvu namaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani. Ubukhulu bezimbali bufika kububanzi obungu-7 cm. Ama-stamens abomvu noma apinki amahle kakhulu. Ibanga lakhe "I-Tricolor " ("I-Tricolor") simnandi ukuthi kwesinye isitshalo esisodwa ngasikhathi sinye kukhona amaqabunga anemibala ehlukahlukene: ukhilimu, upinki nohlaza.
ISt. John Wort (Hypericum coris)Ukukhula
Yiziphi izimo okumele zenzelwe i-wort yaseSt. Kumele kushiwo ukuthi ingakhula yomabili inhlabathi enamaswidi nesihlabathi, inomswakama impela, kepha inamanzi amaningi. Izindawo zokufika kufanele zibe yilanga, zivikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo, enyakatho nesenyakatho. Ebusika, izimpande zimbozwe amaqabunga owomile, i-lapnik, futhi entwasahlobo, amahlumela afile anqunywa. Ungesabi ukwenza lokhu, ngoba izimbali ze-wort zase-St John zakhiwa emahlumela amasha akhulayo alo nyaka. Kufanele sivumelane neqiniso lokuthi lezi zihlahlana azihlali isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ngisho nokunakekelwa kahle, kuzofanela zivuselelwe ngemuva kweminyaka engama-8-10. Kepha njengoba besho, umdlalo uyakufanelekela ikhandlela!
I-St John Wort (Hypericum x moserianum) 'Tricolor'Ukukhetha kwe-Hypericum
ISt John wort iyindwangu evundile yabalimi. Akumangalisi ukuthi embukisweni waseFlorida-2002 eHolland kwethulwa eziningi namanje ezingaziwa kodwa zihle kakhulu ngokumangalisayo iSt. Imikhiqizo emisha ebonakala eNtshonalanga ihlukaniswa izimbali ezinkulu zegolide, ezihlotshiswe ngokukhanyayo, ezicwebezelayo, kube sengathi izithelo ezi-oval noma eziyindilinga, ukwakhiwa kwamagatsha aminyene, okuluhlaza okotshani obumnyama noma amahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, zidlula izinhlobo ezejwayelekile zokuhlobisa, zimelana kancane nezimo zasebusika zaseRussia. Ubukhazikhazi balezi zitshalo ngokuqinisekile buzodonsela ukunakekela kwabalimi. Ngeshwa, akusekho okuhlangenwe nakho kokukhulisa lezi nzalo ezweni lethu.
Isixhumanisi sezinto:
- Plotnikova. L. Izihlahla ezinezimbali ezishiswa yilanga // Emhlabeni Wezitshalo, No. 7, 2006. - k. 12-15.
