Ingadi enempilo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali

Ingxenye 1. Ingadi enempilo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali
Ingxenye 2. Ukuzilungiselela kwemithi ye-EM
Ingxenye 3. Ukwanda kokuzala kwenhlabathi yemvelo ngobuchwepheshe be-EM

Mfundi Othandekayo! Uyamenywa ochungechungeni lwezindatshana ezi-3 kubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono ukuzala kwenhlabathi usebenzisa ukulungiswa kweBaikal EM-1, kwi-biotechnology yokulima izilimo zemifino, nokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ngalesi sizathu.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Intanethi ibilokhu ixoxa ngenkuthalo ngendaba yokuthola ezindaweni ezincane zangasese (ikotishi, ingadi yendlu, indlu emhlabathini) isivuno semvelo, ikhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi, inciphisa ukulinyazwa futhi ngokuvamile yenza umsebenzi wezandla onzima. Kunikezwa izibonelo ezinhle zokutshala uzungu engadini ngaphandle kokumba inhlabathi, ukutshala imifino engadini "enhle", ekhanywa kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngebhokisi lezinkuni noma likasimende. Kuzwakala amazwi omsindo wokuthi umuntu kufanele alalele imvelo, asebenzise imvelo kunokuba alungiselele amakhemikhali, njll. Ungawuthola kanjani lowomhlaba ophakathi nendawo, namuhla obizwa ngokuthi ukulima okwenziwe ngemvelo, ubuchwepheshe bekhulu lama-21, isitshalo semvelo, uhlelo lokubuya kwezolimo nezinye izincazelo.

Vuna izaqathe ezikhulele ngokomzimba.

Ukucabanga okuncane "ekhaya"

Uhla olungenhla lobuchwepheshe luholela emcabangweni wokuthi wonke umqondo wokusesha wehlela kubuchwepheshe bezokulima okuvela emvelweni futhi awunandaba ukuthi uzobizwa kanjani, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi uzonikeza ini njengomphumela.

Cishe ubuchwepheshe obusha ngamunye kunenqwaba yezinganekwane zokukhangisa, kepha yilowo nalowo unokudla okusanhlamvu okusekelwe ekubukweni kwesikhathi eside, ukuhlolwa kwasekhaya nokuhlolwa kwensimu yesayensi.

Ngakho-ke, eningizimu kunengqondo ukulondolozela uzungu lomhlaba otshaliwe ngaphandle kokumba, ukuphathwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuguqula ukwakheka akuhlali kunikeze umphumela oyifunayo. Ukwindla okufudumele isikhathi eside kunomthelela ekukhuleni nasekutshalekeni kukhula, ukugcinwa kwezilokazane ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi ephezulu. Izinsuku ezingenayo i-Frost nezimvula ezinde zibangela ukukhula okuthe xaxa kwezifo zokukhunta. Amashubhu amakhulu aseningizimu ahlanganisiwe, izakhiwo zomzimba nezishisayo zomhlaba ziyawohloka, umquba osakazekile nomquba womquba osele ebusweni, esikhundleni sokuwohloka, umile nje.

Ukulima okungashonile ngaphandle kokujikeleza kufaneleka kakhulu emhlabathini onomuntu omncane - isifuba esimnyama, ansundu, kwezinye iziqongo eziseningizimu, umoya okhanyayo nenhlabathi evunyelwe ukungena emanzini.

Ukwanda kokuzala kwenhlabathi yemvelo nokusetshenziswa okuhleliwe komanyolo wezimbiwa kuyinganekwane. Ngobuchwepheshe obunjalo bezimboni, isivuno sezitshalo siyakhula okwesikhashana, kepha ukuzala kwenhlabathi kuncishisiwe ngenxa yokumiswa ngokweqile kwe-humus mineralization ngokwethulwa okuhleliwe komthamo omkhulu wamanyolo wamaminerali. Okusho ukuthi, umanyolo wamaminerali osetshenzisiwe awazi ukubola izinto eziphilayo, kepha usheshise ukubola kwe-humus eyakhiwe bese ngokwenza lokho kuqubuka okwesikhashana kwezithelo zezitshalo.

Ukusetshenziswa okungafundile kobuchwepheshe obunconyiwe kuholela ekunciphiseni kwenhlabathi okwenziwa ngabakhiqizi bemvelo abasebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-humus kusuka enhlabathini yezinto eziphilayo.

Ukwenza umquba ukwakha i-humus.

Ukulima okwenziwe ngemvelo

Ingxenye ephilayo yenhlabathi ngesimo se microflora ephumelelayo nokunye ukufakelwa kwenza umsebenzi ophambili emhlabathini, ukuguqula kube inhlabathi evundile. Ukubuyiselwa kokuzala kwendalo ngokwemvelo, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuthola izilimo ezifanele, kuhlotshaniswa nokugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi nge-humus. Izithako eziyinhloko zokuzala kwenhlabathi ama-microflora asebenzayo (i-EM) nezilwane ezizuzisayo, kufaka phakathi i-Earthworms. Yizo ezibolayo izinto eziphilayo ezivele zingene emhlabathini, bese ziziguqula zibe humus bese ziba yizakhi zomzimba ezi-organic-minerals (chelates) ezitholakala ezitshalweni. Ngokuhambisana, ingxenye yemikhiqizo yokuqothuka esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo ye-humus, ngokubamba iqhaza kwesikhunta esishisayo se-heterotrophic, ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto ezintsha ze-humic, okungukuthi, ekwandiseni ukuzala kwenhlabathi.

Ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo nokwanda kokuzala kwenhlabathi, ukuthambekela kokukhula kokuphila kwemvelo kwamukeleka kakhulu ngokufuya kwezinto eziphilayo noma eziphilayo. I-Biologization yezolimo ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zemvelo zokwandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi (umquba, umquba, i-vermicompost), ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ukunikeza izilimo ngezakhi zomsoco kubandakanya ukutshalwa kwama-siderates (umquba oluluhlaza), ngesinye isikhathi kuhlangene nemithamo enengqondo yamanyolo wamaminerali, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo (ama-regenerators wemvelo) ukukhulisa i-biohumus yenhlabathi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwe-microflora ephumelelayo. Ngokwesisekelo sayo, ubuchwepheshe be-EM bezokulima kwezinto eziphilayo kwasungulwa, abalimi abaningi ababheka ubuchwepheshe bekhulu lama-21.

Buyini ubuchwepheshe be-EM?

Ubuchwepheshe be-EM buyindlela yokugcwalisa inhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yezitshalo eziphilayo ezisebenzayo nezilwane zomhlaba, okubhubhisa ama-microflora we-pathogenic futhi kusebenze izinto eziphilayo zibe ngamakhemikhali we-organomineral atholakala ezitshalweni.

Isisekelo ngamalungiselelo e-EM aqukethe amashumi amaningana wemithi yama -organic aerobic anerobic futhi anaerobic ahlala ngokukhululeka emhlabathini. Kubandakanya ama-lactic acid, amagciwane alungisa i-nitrogen, ama-actinomycetes, imvubelo nesikhunta esivuthayo. Kwethulwa emhlabathini, ngokushesha zanda, kusebenze i-microflora yasendaweni. Izinto eziphilayo zenziwa ngokuhlanganiswa zibe ngamakhompiyutha we-organomineral digestible kalula yizitshalo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-5, okuqukethwe kwe-humus kukhuphuka kaningana. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ukuze ubuchwepheshe be-EM busebenze, ayithathi unyaka ongu-1 (njengoba abafundi abadumazekayo bebhala ngokuntuleka komphumela), kodwa iminyaka eminingana. Ngeke ube khona umphumela lapho uthenga i-fake esikhundleni somuthi wangempela.

Ama-Shallots embhedeni we-organic.

Izici eziwusizo zemithi ye-EM

Inhlabathi iba ngamanzi amaningi futhi ingaphefumula, ethuthukisa izimo zokutshala izilimo zasengadini.
Ukungcola okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo kuguqulwa kube yi-vermicompost emavikini ambalwa (kodwa hhayi iminyaka!).
Ngenxa yokusebenza okusebenzayo kwama-microorganisms, izinga lokushisa lokungqimba kwe-basal likhuphuka ngaphakathi kwe + 2 ... + 5 ° С, esheshisa ukubuya kwemikhiqizo ngezilimo ngezinsuku ezingama-5-10.
Ukuhlinzekwa okuphelele kwezitshalo okunomsoco kuphendula kahle ezithelweni zezitshalo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi.
Ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo kuyanda, okuholela ekumelaneni nezifo ezibangelwa ukhunta, amagciwane kanye (kancane).

Umuthi wokuqala owenzelwe ubuchwepheshe be-EM isidakamizwa sasekhaya iBaikal EM-1. Umuthi unobhaliso lombuso kanye nesitifiketi sokuhlanzeka. Kuhlu lwemibhalo yomanyolo kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo zeRussian Federation. Umuthi uphephile kubantu, ezilwaneni, ezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo.

Isici somuthi "iBaikal EM-1"

I-Baikal EM-1 iyindawo yokuxhuma u-brown brown. Ingilazi yamandla noma umbala oqinile weplastiki omnyama u-40, 30 no-14 ml. Uketshezi unephunga elimnandi le-kefir-silo. Ama -organices aphumelelayo ku-vial awasebenzi. Ukushintshwa kwephunga kungakhombisa ukufa kwe-microflora noma inkohliso. Uma kusetshenziswa, ukugxila kugxunyekwe kwisisekelo nezisombululo zokusebenza. Ukuze uthole ukuvutshelwa kwezixazululo ze-EM, amasiko adinga indlela yezakhi. Ungayithenga ngokungeziwe kokugxilisa (i-EM-molasses) noma usebenzise ujamu owenziwe ekhaya ngaphandle kwamajikijolo, uju, ushukela.

Ukulungiselela isixazululo sesitoko

Thela amalitha ama-3-4 wamanzi okwehla esiphundu esitsheni esingenacala (kuyo yonke i-10 ml yokugxila 1 ilitha lamanzi). Kungcono ukubilisa amanzi futhi kupholile ekushiseni kwe- + 25 ... + 30 ° С.
Thela yonke i-EM-molasses emanzini noma engeza izipuni ezi-2 kwilitha ngalinye lamanzi (uma ubukhulu be-EM-molasses bukhulu).
Esikhundleni se-EM-molasses, ungangeza wezipuni ezi-3 zoju noma wezipuni ezi-4-5 zikajamu, onqunyelwe kusuka kumajikijolo, kuye wonke umthamo.
Uju alufakwa ngokushesha, kepha isipuni esingu-1 sezinsuku ezi-3 (silondolozwa ngokuqinile). Isibalo sezipuni zikajamu sincike kushukela. Ukuphakama kokuhlushwa ushukela, izinkonsi ezimbalwa jam.
Thela i-Baikal EM-1 kusisombululo esilungiselelwe sezakhi.
Hlanganisa le ngxube kahle bese uyithela emabhodleleni amnyama, uwagcwalise ngaphansi kwesivalo ukuze kungabikho moya esitsheni.
Beka amabhodlela endaweni emnyama ngokushisa okukhona kuka + 20 ... + 30 ° C izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala kuzoba nokuvutshelwa okusheshayo ngokukhishwa kwamagesi. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngosuku lwe-3, iziqukathi zansuku zonke ezinesixazululo kufanele zivulwe ukuze kukhishwe amagesi anqwabelene.
Ukuphela kokuvutshelwa kwekhambi kufakazelwa iphunga elimnandi elimuncu, kwesinye isikhathi i-ammonia noma imvubelo ngokusobala ngokuthinta isikhunta (noma ngaphandle kwaso). Ukuzenzisa kwe-Flake akunangozi.
Iphunga le-Putrid lihambisana nokufa kwe-microflora. Kulokhu, isixazululo asifanele ukusetshenziswa.
Isixazululo sesitoko esivuthiwe sigcinwa endaweni emnyama endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Ugcina umsebenzi ophakeme izinyanga eziyi-6-7. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ivolumu yonke ngalesi sikhathi.

Ukuhlanganisa amazambane ngotshani.

Ukulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo

Isixazululo sesitoko se-EM-ukulungiselela "i-Baikal EM-1" siqukethe ukugcwala okuningi kwe-microflora esebenzayo. Lapho kufafazwa izitshalo ngesixazululo esinjalo, ukuthintelwa okunzima kwezitshalo ngisho nokufa kwazo kuyabonakala. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo sesisekelo sisetshenziselwa ukuthola izisombululo zokusebenza ezixhunyiwe kancane ezisetshenziselwa ukufafaza, ukufinya imbewu, ukwelapha ama-tubers nama-bulbs, nokusebenzisa emhlabathini. Ngohlobo ngalunye lokwelashwa, isixazululo saso esisebenzayo silungiswa ngeqoqo elihlukile le-EM. Izisombululo ezisebenzayo kufanele zigxile kakhulu kubuthakathaka. Ngaphambi kokokuhlanjululwa, ukulungiswa kwesisekelo kumele kuzanyazanyiswe.

Kwizitshalo zokufafaza, okuhlushwa yi-1: 500-1000 noma ilitha elilodwa lamanzi, ngokulandelana, 2-1 ml wesisombululo sesisekelo. Ukuze usetshenziselwe inhlabathi, ukuhlushwa kukhuphuka futhi kungu-1: 10 noma u-1: 100, okungukuthi ilitha elilodwa lamanzi selivele lino-100 noma u-10 ml wesisombululo sesisekelo, ngokulandelana. Ukucubungula izithombo nezimbali zasendlini nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi, kufakwa kuphela i-0.5 ml yesisombululo sesisekelo (okuhlushwa 1: 2000). Iqoqo lincane kakhulu kangangokuba ukulibhala kulula kakhulu, hhayi ngo-%, kepha ngezilinganiso.

Isibonelo: kuyadingeka ukulungiselela isixazululo ku-dilution ye-1: 1000 yokufafaza izitshalo. Uma udinga ibhakede elilodwa lesisombululo (10 l), khona-ke udinga ukufaka u-10 ml wesisombululo kanye no-10 ml noma isipuni sejamu yakudala ngaphandle kwamajikijolo (unga-2 wezipuni ushukela). Hlanganisa isixazululo esisebenzayo esiphelele, gcizelela amahora angama-2-3 bese uqhubeka nokufafaza. Khumbula! Lapho ulungiselela isixazululo esisebenzayo, amanzi akufanele aqukethe i-chlorine futhi abe nokushisa kwe + 20 ... + 25 ° С. Lapho ucubungula izitshalo zasengadini, isilinganiso sokugeleza kwekhambi lokusebenza yi-1 l / sq. m yendawo yomhlaba.

Bafundi abathandekayo, indatshana yesi-2 izoqhubeka nokwethulwa kokusetshenziswa kokuxazululwa kwe-Baikal EM-1. Ukukhiqizwa kwesisombululo esisebenzayo i-EM-5 yokulawula izinambuzane nokulawula izifo zezilimo engadini.