I-Primula (i-Primula) - isitshalo esine-herbaceous se-primrose yomndeni, esatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, kepha ikakhulukazi eCentral Europe kanye nezindawo zezulu ezishisayo zase-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Igama lohlobo luvela endaweni yokuqala yesiLatini ethi "primus" - eyokuqala, echazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ama-primrose blooms ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa lingakafiki ngaphandle kwefasitela. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, izindonga ezinemibala eyahlukahlukene ezimbizeni zezimbali zijabule futhi kungaba yisipho esihle. Endaweni yethu, i-primrose yaqhamuka eChina. Lesi sitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kunjengokungathi, kwe- "gramophone" encane. Bebabathanda kakhulu abalimi abanolwazi nalabo abathola lesi sitshalo njengesipho. Manje, ukuze uyilondoloze, udinga ukufunda konke mayelana nokuyinakekela.
Inzuzo ye-primrose ayigcini ngumbala ohlukahlukene futhi ovumayo wezimbali, kodwa futhi namandla okujabulisa ukuqhakaza kwawo isikhathi eside. Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobo zonyaka, ze-biennial kanye nonyaka. I-primrose yasekamelweni ine-izimprous system izimpande, isiqu esifushane kakhulu namaqabunga athambile kancane afudumele. Umbala wezimbali ngu-lilac, opinki, onsomi, omhlophe ngokubabazekayo, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha i-pharynx ye-tube yezimbali ihlala iphuzi kuphela. Kuvame ukuba nezimbali eziningi, kube sengathi ziqoqiwe esitsheni esincane.
I-Primrose: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya nokutshala
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Primrose ithanda kakhulu ukufudumala okukhanyayo nokulinganiselayo, kepha hhayi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kepha ukukhanya okuhlukile. Imbiza yezimbali ene-primrose kufanele ibekwe efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma ngasentshonalanga kwegumbi.
Ukushisa
Kungcono ukukhulisa i-primrose egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ayi-12 kuye kwangama-20 Celsius. Ebusika nasentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, izinga lokushisa elilungile kakhulu lingu-8-12 degrees Celsius. Kuleliqondo lokushisa, lesi sitshalo sihlala siqhakaza futhi sihle isikhathi eside.
Lapho isikhathi sezimbali siphela, lesi sitshalo singadluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Indawo efanelekile ye-primrose indawo enomthunzi, ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla, okuzoba isivikelo sayo esithembekile ngesikhathi semvula enkulu noma elangeni elishisayo.
Ebusika, ungaphinde wenze i-primrose ibe yindlu, kepha ungesabi, bese uyishiya ebusika engadini. Lezi zimbali zizizwa zizinhle futhi zinjengengadi, futhi zingadlula endaweni evulekile esimweni sezulu esipholile.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela i-primrose yegumbi, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela amanzi ashiywe emi izinsuku eziningana noma imvula (ungawuncibilikisa). Umbuso wokunisela wehluka ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokuqhakaza kwe-primrose. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nangaphambi kwaso, ukuthambisa kufanele kube ngokulinganiselayo, kepha kuvame. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inamanzi kancane, kepha ukufikelwa okuthe xaxa nokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe.
Lapho ukuqhakaza sekuphelile, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe. Manje lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuniselwa kuphela lapho ingaphezulu lengaphezulu liqala ukoma kancane.
Umswakama womoya
Nge-primrose, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba segumbini elinomswakama omkhulu. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, isitshalo esivela endlini sizosabela kabi - amathiphu amaqabunga azoqala ukoma, nesikhathi sezimbali sincishiswe kaningi. Amakamelo wedolobha ngokuvamile, ngokuhlukile, abonakala ngomoya owomile ngokweqile. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo simane sidinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke. Zidinga ukwenziwa njalo futhi ngasikhathi sinye qiniseka ukuthi amaqabunga neziqu kuphela oswakanyisiwe. Akunconywa ukuthi amanzi awele ezimbali.
Uma kungenzeki ukufafaza izitshalo, ungabeka imbiza yezimbali esitsheni esincane esinezimbotshana ezinwebekile. Isitshalo ngokwaso sizothatha inani elifanele lomswakama.
Inhlabathi
Ukuze ukhule i-primrose, ungathenga inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhethekile (isibonelo, "Ingxube yama-geraniums" kufanelekile), noma ungayipheka ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungcono ukuthatha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, noma kusuka esakhiweni sakho sengadi, uyixube nengxenye encane yesihlabathi (kungcono umfula futhi omkhulu). Noma sebenzisa umugqa womhlaba onqenqemayo nesodoti, u-peat nesihlabathi somfula ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.
Ukufakelwa
Uma i-primrose yakho yangaphakathi iyinhlobo ehlala njalo, lapho-ke izodinga ukufakelwa. Njengoba izimpande zesitshalo zinde, udinga ukukhetha imbiza yezimbali ebanzi kodwa hhayi ejulile. Ungqimba oluncane lwamanzi (ngokwesibonelo, udaka olwandisiwe noma amatshe ahlanzekile) abekwa phansi, nenhlabathi ngaphezulu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-primrose
Indlela elula futhi engcono yokusakazeka kwe-primrose ukukhiqizwa ngokwahlukana. Udinga ukukhetha isitshalo seminyaka emithathu noma esine ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yezimbali. Izingxenye zesitshalo empeleni zihlukaniswa ne-primrose ngesiqu sazo sokukhula.
Indlela enzima futhi yinde ukusakazeka kwembewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kunoma iyiphi inyanga engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, kodwa kusathandeka ngokwengeziwe ukwenza lokhu ehlobo.
Ingxube “yomhlabathi we-Universal” elungiselelwe ithululelwa esitsheni esilungiselelwe futhi iniselwe ngokulinganayo. Ngokulandelayo, imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba bese ifafazwa kancane ngaphezulu komhlabathi. Isitsha esinembewu singambozwa ngengilazi noma ngezimbiza zeglasi zingasetshenziswa. Ukugcina ukushisa okunjalo kuvezwa endaweni epholile. Amahlumela kufanele avele cishe ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20.
Izithombo ezincanyana zingahlukaniswa futhi zidluliselwe emabhodweni ngamunye. Lawa amabhodwe adinga ukudluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kepha qiniseka endaweni enomthunzi (ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwesihlahla), lapho i-primrose ingeke ilimaze khona ilanga elishisayo noma imvula enkulu nomoya.
Ngokuqala kwekwindla, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa egumbini elipholile bese sishiywa lapho kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngokunakekela kahle ama-primroses asemasha, angajabulisa ukuqhakaza kwawo ngonyaka omusha.
Ukuphoqa igumbi le-primrose
Ukuhlukahluka kwesitshalo esisodwa kusetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ekwindla, ngokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala, i-primrose yengadi kumele yambiwa ngesigaxa sobumba esincane bese idluliselwa ebhodweni lembali. Isitshalo kufanele sisebusika egumbini elibandayo (ngokwesibonelo, egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba noma emiphongolweni) ngokushisa okungaba ngama-degree ayi-5. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, i-primrose izoqala ukukhula, futhi izimbali zemithi zingavinjelwa.
Kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ukuthambisa isitshalo akudingeki. Kepha ekugcineni kwekhalenda ebusika, lesi sitshalo kufanele silethwe endlini bese siqala ukuthambisa njalo futhi kufanele. Maduze nje, i-primrose izoqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo futhi izothokozela ukuqhakaza kwayo okugqamile. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, primrose ingatshalwa futhi engadini.
Ukuze unciphise i-primrose yengadi, udinga ukuthatha i-Delenki kusuka ezitshalweni ezivuthiwe noma usebenzise izithombo zayo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IPrimrose ingagula ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside engadini. Izimpawu zesifo zingabonakala kalula ngokubonakala kwesitshalo. Izifo zokukhunta noma ezithathelanayo, kanye nokuba khona kwezinambuzane, kwenzeka kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Amaqabunga angaqala ukoma noma abe amabala ansundu noma aphuzi. Izimbali zemifino ziyokuwa ngaphandle kokuvula. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungenzeka kungenzeki nhlobo. Izifo ezivame kakhulu nezinambuzane ngama-spider mites kanye ne-powdery hlobo.
Kulokhu, ungadlulisi i-primrose egumbini ukuze ungatheleleli ezinye izitshalo. Kufanele usebenzise ngokushesha izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-insecticidal.
