I-Rhododendron

URhododendron (Rhododendron) ungummeleli womndeni wakwaHeather. Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izihlahlana nezihlahla, ezi-deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-800 kuya ku-1300, kufaka phakathi ama-azaleas, adume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, abizwa nangokuthi "i-indodor rhododendron." Igama lalesi sitshalo lifaka amagama ama-2: "Rhodon", elihumusha ngokuthi "rose" nelithi "dendron" - okusho ukuthi "umuthi". Kulokhu, i-rhododendron isho "umuthi onama roses," noma "rosewood." Iqiniso ngukuthi izimbali ze-azalea ziyafana ngokubukeka kwama roses. Endle, ama-rhododendrons athela kakhulu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe (eningizimu yeChina, iHimalayas, Southeast Asia, Japan, kanye naseNyakatho Melika). Zincamela ukukhula endaweni esogwini lolwandle, imifula kanye nolwandle, emithambekeni esenyakatho yezintaba kanye nasethunzini elingaphansi komhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.3, kanti ezinye ziyizihlahla ezinwabuzelayo. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalolu hlobo zohlobo lwezinto ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa futhi ngesimo nangosayizi. Isibonelo, izimbali ezinkulu kunobubanzi zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2, kanti zona ezincane kunazo zonke zimane nje zincanyana. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu, amafomu kanye nezinhlobo ze-rhododendron engadini.

Izici zeRhododendron

Ingadi ye-Rhododendron iyi-shrub. Izinhlobo ezihlukile zingahluka komunye nomunye ngosayizi nokwakheka kwamaqabunga amaqabunga, anombala ophilayo, waminyaka yonke nowokuphilayo, opendwe noma ocwengekile, otholakala njalo, i-serrate noma onqenqemeni lonke, i-obovate noma i-ovate. Lesi sitshalo sithandwa kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba ngenxa yamahlamvu aso okuhlobisa, kanye nezimbali ezinhle, eziyingxenye yama-inflemose noma ama-corymbose inflorescence, abukeka njengama bouquets amahle ngokumangalisayo. Izimbali zingapendwa ngopinki, onsomi, omhlophe, obomvu noma onsomi. Ukwakheka kwezimbali kuncike ohlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni zezitshalo futhi kunguhlobo lwensimbi, isigaxa, okwenziwe insimbi noma enamasondo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izimbali zinephunga elimnandi. Izithelo ziyibhokisi elinembewu enezinhlamvu ezinhlanu, ngaphakathi kuzo kukhona imbewu engamamilimitha amabili. Uhlelo lwezimpande oluyinkimbinkimbi lwalesi siko luqukethe inani elikhulu lezimpande ze-fibrous. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwezimpande lungaphezulu, ukufakelwa kwe-Rhododendron kulula impela, futhi isitshalo siyakubekezelela kahle. Lesi sitrobheli sithathwa njengesitshalo esimnandi sokuqala sentwasahlobo.

Ukutshala iRhododendron emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi nendawo yokuhlala

Ekuqhelweni okuphakathi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlakulele kuphela lezo zinhlobo ze-rhododendron ezibonakaliswa ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu. Ungasitshala lesi sitshalo enhlabathini evulekile kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, nangoSepthemba-Novemba. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahlanganyela ekutshaleni i-Rhododendron kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sezimbali zesihlahla esinjalo, futhi awukwazi ukukwenza lokhu izinsuku ezingama-7-16 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.

Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo enomthunzi ebekwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesakhiwo. Inhlabathi kufanele ikhishwe kahle, ivule, iqukethe inani elikhulu le-humus futhi ibe ne-acidic. Uma uzungu lunokujula kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba okungaphansi kwe-100 cm, lapho-ke ukutshala lesi shrub kuzofanela wenze umbhede ophakanyisiwe. I-Rhododendron ingatshalwa eduze kwezihlahla ezinjenge-oki, uphayini, i-larch, njengoba izimpande zazo zijula. Le shrub ayinconywa ukuba itshalwe eduze kwe-chestnut, i-maple, i-elm, i-linden, i-alder, i-willow ne-poplar, ngoba izimpande zazo zijula ngokufana ne-Rhododendron, ngakho-ke lokhu okugcina kuzobe kungasenawo umsoco ofanele wezakhi kanye nomswakama. Uma kusafanele utshale i-Rhododendron eduze kwesinye sezihlahla ezisohlwini, khona-ke, imiphetho yomgodi wokutshala izodingeka ivikelwe ngokumba umgodi, i-ruberoid noma i-polyethylene enhlabathini. Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu ngalesi sitshalo ngupharele nomuthi we-apula.

Izici Zokufika

Lungiselela umgodi wokutshala, ngakho-ke ukujula kwawo kufanele kube ngu-0,4 m nobubanzi bawo obungamamitha ayi-0.6. Thela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ngamabhakede ka-3,5 we-loam kuwo (ungawususa ngebhakede lobumba), kanye no-8 amabhakede ka-peat. Kufanele ihlanganiswe kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho ingxube yenhlabathi ethelwa emgodini kumele ihlanganiswe kahle. Emva kwalokho, kwenziwa umgodi kuwo, osayizi bawo okufanele ulingane nosayizi wezimpande zesitshalo esitshaliwe. Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, isithombo kufanele sicwiliswe esitsheni esigcwele amanzi. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuyikhipha kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ama-bubble omoya ayeke ukuza ebusweni bamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele lubekwe emgodini, ogcwele ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, kumele luhlanganiswe kahle kakhulu ukuze kungabikho zimpawu. Esitsheni esitshaliwe, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo nangobubanzi bendawo. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Uma i-Rhododendron itshalwe emhlabathini owomile, khona-ke ubuningi bokunisela kufanele bube namandla kangangokuba umhlaba umanzi ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (amacembe ama-oki, izinaliti zikaphayini, i-peat noma i-moss), ngenkathi ukuqina kwawo kufanele kube ngu-50-60 mm. Uma kunenamba enkulu yamahlumela kwisithombo, khona-ke ingxenye ethile kufanele inqunywe, kulokhu amabutho esitshalo aqondiswa ekuthaleni, hhayi ekuqhakambiseni izimbali.

Uma kuphela isihlahla esisodwa se-Rhododendron sitshalwe endaweni ebanzi, umoya uyakwazi ukukhulula isithombo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusungula ukwesekwa, kuyilapho ulinganisa kufanele kuqondiswe ngqo lapho kuhlangana khona imimoya evunguza kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho isithombo esitshaliwe siboshelwe kusekela. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo sesiphelile, ukusekelwa kungasuswa uma kufiswa.

Ukunakekelwa kweRhododendron

I-Rhododendron idinga ukunakekelwa okuhle. Kumele ifafazwe, iniselwe, inikezwe ukhula, ifakwe ukhula ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ilungiswe ukuze yakheke futhi uma kudingeka ivikeleke ezinambuzaneni nasezifo. Ukuvula noma ukumba ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla akunakwenzeka ngenxa yendawo engaphansi kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Ukhula kumele lwenziwe ngesandla; ukusebenzisa i-chopper ngale njongo kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.

Leli siko libaluleke kakhulu izinga lomswakama lomhlaba nokuqhathaniswa nezinye izitshalo zasengadini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezimbali. I-Rhododendron ibaluleke kakhulu ukunisela amanzi kahle, ngoba inomthelela omkhulu ekubekeni kwezimbali zezimbali zesizini ezayo. Ukunisela isitshalo kumele kube ngamanzi athambile kuphela (ukuma noma imvula). Abanye abalimi bathambisa amanzi futhi bawanciphise amanzi, ngoba lokhu bekuxubanisa ne-peat yamahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokunisela, udinga ukuthatha izandla ezimbalwa. Ngokuya ngesimo samaqabunga amaqabunga, unganquma ukuthi kufanele uwunisele kangaki lo shrub. Isitshalo sidinga ukuchelela uma amahlamvu eba buthuntu futhi alahlekelwe yi-turgor. Ngesikhathi sokunisela, umhlabathi kufanele ugculeke ube ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Kepha lapho unisela, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi i-keyisi ingagxili emhlabathini, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lubhekana kabi nalokhu. Lapho ama-stagnates amanzi, i-rhododendron iziphatha ngendlela efanayo naleyo lapho kunokuntuleka komswakama, okungukuthi, amapuleti eshidi asongwa bese ehliswa. Ukugwema ukufaka amanzi, kubalulekile ukunisela isihlahla ngesikhathi esishisayo esomile njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha kudinga ukuthanjiswa kaningi kusuka kwisifutho, sisebenzisa amanzi athambile kulokhu.

I-Rhododendron izihlahla

Njengoba ama-bush kazhinji imvelo enesimo esifanele, asikho isidingo sokuthena okwakha okunamandla. Njengomthetho, isitshalo sidinga ukuthenwa uma ibhungane selibe likhulu ngokweqile, uma kudingeka ukuthi izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga, noma iziqu ezilimele ngenxa yesithwathwa zisuswe.

Yimiphi imithetho yokuthena isihlahla somdala? Ukuthena iziqu kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo, kuyilapho udinga ukuyibamba ngaphambi kokugeleza kokuthambisa kuqala. Izingcezu emagatsheni, okuwugqinsi bawo kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-40 mm, kufanele kufakwe imbewu nge-var var. Ukuvuswa kwe-buds yokulala kuma-stems kuqala ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4, ngasikhathi sinye, ukuqala kwenqubo yokuvuselela, okuhlala unyaka wonke. Uma isihlahlana sonakaliswe kabi yiqhwa noma sigugile, khona-ke kufanele sifinyezwe kumamitha ayi-0,3-0.4, nengxenye yesihlahla sinqunywa ngonyaka wokuqala, nesesibili ngonyaka olandelayo.

Izitshalo ezinjalo zinesici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka owodwa ukuqhakaza kwazo kanye nezithelo zihlukaniswa ngobuningi bazo, kuyilapho okulandelayo - kuthela izithelo futhi kuqhakaza kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuvama kungalungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukukhipha wonke ama-inflorescence aqothulwe. Kulokhu, shrub izohola wonke amandla agciniwe nezakhi zomzimba ekubekweni kwezimbali zezimbali zesizini ezayo.

Rhododendron isengezo

Ngisho nezihlahlana ezitshalwe esikhathini samanje zidinga ukondliwa. Ngokokuqala ngonyaka, isitshalo sondliwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, kanti isikhathi sokugcina sisemaphethelweni kaJulayi, lapho isitshalo siphela futhi neziqu ezincane ziqala ukukhula. Ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ukondla lesi sitshalo, okufanele sifake ufulawa wophondo nomquba wenkomo obolile. Ukulungiselela umanyolo onjalo, umquba kufanele uhlanganiswe namanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 15, khona-ke kufanele sitshelwe izinsuku eziningana, kuphela ngemuva kwalokho abangazondla izihlahlana. Ngaphambi kokondla i-rhododendron, kufanele iniselwe kahle.

Izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga inhlabathi enama-asidi, kulokhu, khetha umanyolo wamaminerali kufanele kube yilezo ezingaphazamisi ukusabela kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-superphosphate, i-phosphate, i-potassium nitrate kanye ne-sulfate, i-ammonium sulfate, i-calcium sulfate ne-magnesium, ngenkathi uwathatha ekuhlolweni okubuthakathaka (1,2: 1000). Isixazululo samanyolo we-potash kufanele sibe buthakathaka.

Isicelo somanyolo olunconyiwe:

ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kumanyolo ama-organic noma amaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen, kuyilapho amagremu angama-50 e-magnesium sulfate nenani elifanayo le-ammonium sulfate athathwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele;
ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, lapho lesi sitshalo siphela, amagremu ama-20 e-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate, kanye nama-gramu angama-40 we-ammonium sulfate anezelwe ngemitha eyodwa yesikwele yesakhiwo;
okwesithathu i-Rhododendron isondliwa ngoJulayi, kuyilapho kuthathwa amagremu angama-20 e-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate ngemitha eyodwa yesikwele.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngokuvamile, ama-mealybugs, izinambuzane ezikala, izimbuzane zesigcawu, izimbungulu, imichilo, izimpukane ze-rhododendron, futhi nama-slows kanye neminenke kuhlala kule shrub. Lapho ama-gastropods evela emahlahleni, kufanele aqoqwe ngesandla, futhi ngezinjongo ze-prophylactic, isitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo sokulungiselela i-fungicidal Tiram noma i-TMTD (8%).

Uma izimbungulu ze-Rhododendron, izimbuzane zesicabucabu noma izinsimbi eziqinile ku-Rhododendron, lapho-ke kufanele zifafazwe nge-Diazinon. Kulokhu, lapho ama-weevil ethinteka, hhayi kuphela isihlahla sicutshungulwa, kodwa futhi nomhlaba womhlaba oseduze kwawo. Ukuze uqede ezinye izinambuzane, uKarbofos uyasetshenziswa, futhi kufanele ulandele imiyalo emiyalweni.

Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo esinjalo sigula izifo zesikhunta, ngokwesibonelo: umdlavuza, ukugqwala, i-chlorosis noma indawo yeqabunga. Imvamisa, izifo ezifana nalezi ziba ngumphumela we-aeration onganele wohlelo lwezimpande. Lapho lonakaliswa ukugqwala nokubona, isihlahla kufanele sifafazwe ngamalungiselelo aqukethe zethusi, isibonelo, ingxube yeBordeaux. Uma kwenzeka i-chlorosis, isihlahla sishintsha umbala waso sibe ophuzi, kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthulula i-iron chelate emanzini wokunisela. Uma i-Rhododendron igula ngomdlavuza, khona-ke iziqu ezithintekile kumele zisikwe kwezicubu ezinempilo noma zisuswe ngokuphelele. Ukuvimbela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla sekwephuzile, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngengxube yeBordeaux.

Ukuzala kabusha kweRhododendron

Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngembewu noma ngezindlela zokuhlakulela imifino: ukubekwa, ukuxhunyelelwa, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla nokusikwa. Indlela esheshayo futhi elula yokusakaza isitshalo esinjalo ngokugoqa.

Imbewu

Ukuze uhlwanyele imbewu, sebenzisa amapuleti agcwaliswa ngo-peat oswisiwe noma umhlabathi we-heather oxutshwe nesihlabathi (3: 1). Ngemuva kokuba imbewu ihlwanyelwe, ifafazwa phezulu ngesihlabathi, okufanele igezwe. Ngaphezulu kwethangi udinga ukumboza ngengilazi, bese idluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe ngendlela yesikhathi, zingene umoya nsuku zonke, futhi i-condensate kumele ikhishwe njalo engxenyeni yengilazi. Njengomthetho, izithombo zokuqala zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Lapho izithombo zakha amapuleti amaqabunga eqabunga langempela, azodinga ukutshalwa ngokukhululeka ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-2x3 sentimitha. Lapho kudluliswa, izithombo kufanele ziphinde ziphindwe kanye ku-cotyledon, lokhu kuzoba uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande. Izithombo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kumele kutshalwe ku abamba ukushisa epholile. Ngonyaka wesibili, izithombo kufanele zidluliselwe enhlabathini evulekile emibhedeni yokuqeqesha enenhlabathi yengadi exutshwe nenani elincane le-peat nesihlabathi. Izithombo ezinjalo zibonakala ngokukhula kancane. Ukuqhakaza kwazo kokuqala kungabonakala kuphela iminyaka eyi-6-8.

Izimbumbulu

Ukusika nakho kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzala. Ukuze usike izihlahla sebenzisa iziqu ezinamabala amancane. Ubude bezinsika bungahluka kusuka kuma-50 kuye kuma-80 mm. Amapuleti weqabunga eliphansi asikiwe kufanele aqunywe. Kulesi simo, izingxenye ezingezansi kufanele zicwiliswe kusisombululo se-ejenti ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande (ngokwesibonelo, i-heteroauxin) amahora angama-12-16. Ukuze kube nokubangwa kwezitshalo, ukusikwa kuyatshalwa endaweni engaphansi kwesihlabathi ne-peat (1: 3). Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha esingaphezulu kufanele simbozwe nge-dome esobala. Ukusika kwe-rooting inqubo ende futhi enzima. Ngakho-ke, ukubangelwa kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihlala njalo kuhlala izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-4,5, kuthi kube ngamaviki ayisithupha. Ngokukhula, ama-cuttings atshalwa emabhokisini agcwele i-substrate enezinaliti zikaphayini kanye ne-peat (1: 2). Ngesikhathi sobusika, ama-cutways kufanele abe segumbini elikhanyiswe kahle futhi elipholile (kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-12 degrees) igumbi. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ibhokisi elinezinsika kufanele lingcwatshwe engadini. Lapho bazokhula eminye iminyaka eyi-1 noma engu-2, emva kwalapho kuphela ukuthi izisiki zingadluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.

Amabhadi

Indlela elula futhi yemvelo yokusakazwa kwalesi siko ukufakwa kwezakhiwo. Entwasahlobo, kufanele ukhethe ihlumela elikhulayo elisezingeni eliphansi, kufanele ligoqwe futhi libekwe epanini elungiselelwe, ukujula kwalo kufanele okungenani kube amasentimitha ayi-15. Ingxenye ephakathi yesiqu kufanele ilungiswe epulazini, iphinwe. Ngokulandelayo, i-groove igcwele inhlabathi engadini exhunywe ku-peat. Ithiphu yesiqu esisele ngaphezulu kufanele ihlanganiswe nesikhonkwane esibekwe ngokuthe nkqo. Lapho unisela isihlahla ngokwaso, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthambisa nokwenza izingqimba. Ekwindla, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo, ukusika kufanele kunqunywe kusitshalo somzali futhi kutshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Le ndlela yinhle ekusakazeni i-decoduous rhododendron.

I-Rhododendron ngemuva kwezimbali

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Autumn

Uma isomiso sibonwa ekwindla, khona-ke i-Rhododendron izodinga ukuthambisa okuvamileyo, ngakho-ke amalitha amanzi ayi-10-12 kufanele athululwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla esi-1. Uma izimvula ezihlelekile zibonwa ekwindla, khona-ke izitshalo ezinjalo azidingi ukuniselwa. NgoNovemba, uhlelo lwezimpande sesihlahla kufanele lufakwe, ngoba lokhu ingaphezulu lesingi sesiqu sesigaxa kufanele kufakwe phakathi kungqimba lwe-peat.

Ubusika

Uma i-Rhododendron ikhule maphakathi nethambeka, khona-ke emva kwesiqalo sokuqala izihlahla kufanele zifakwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phakathi kwamagatsha ezitshalo, amagatsha zikaphayini noma esi-spruce ayachithwa, bese isihlahla ngokwaso sidonswa ndawonye ne-twine. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele imbozwe nge-burlap. Khipha izikhwama ezitshalweni kufanele kube ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngemuva kokumboza ikhava leqhwa, bese ukhetha usuku olunamafu kulokhu. Uma i-Rhododendron itshalwa esifundeni esinezimo sezulu ezifudumele kahle, khona-ke ayidingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-rhododendrons anezithombe namagama

Kukhona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo ze-Rhododendron. Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zinhlobo ezitshalwa abalimi, kanye nezinhlobo zegadi ezidumile.

I-Rhododendron Daurian (Rhododendron dahuricum)

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo itholakala emadwaleni nasehlathini elihlangene laseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eSiberia eseMpumalanga, ePrimorsky Krai, eKorea naseNyakatho neMongolia. Lesi sihlahla soluhlaza esiphakathi nendawo esiphakathi sihlotshwe kakhulu, ukuphakama kwaso kungahluka kusuka kuma-200 kuye kuma-400 cm. Umbala wamagxolo ungwevu. Amagatsha aqondiswa phezulu. Amahlumela abomvu ansundu abomvu eduze namathiphu ane-pubescence, okuyisinqamu esifushane. Ubude bamapuleti amancane wesikhumba abucishe bube ngu-30 mm, ingaphambili labo libushelelezi, kanti ingaphakathi lisihlaka. Umbala wamaqabunga amnyama uluhlaza okotshani, kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abe luhlaza omnyama, ekwindla aphenduka abomvu aluhlaza okotshani noma ansundu. Ebusika, kuphela ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yamahlamvu ayindilinga. Izimbali zihle impela futhi zihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngaphambi kokuba amahlamvu avule. Mikhulu, inomumo wefreyimu, umbala opinki onsomi, futhi ububanzi bufika ku-40 mm. Ekwindla, ukuqhakaza okuphindaphindiwe kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala. Lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, futhi luphinde luzalwe kahle ngokusikwa okuluhlaza. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2:

ifomu elihlala liluhlaza - umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani, kanti izimbali zimbala onsomi;
i-hybrid yasengadini yokuqala - lesi sitshalo esikhula kancane siqhakaza kakhulu, izimbali ngaphesheya zifinyelela ku-50 mm, zivula ekuseni kakhulu futhi zipendwe ngombala ocebile obomvu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, leli fomu alikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo eziphambili.

Rhododendron adamsii

Lesi sihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sikhula emithambekeni enamadwala nasezihlathini zezintaba zaseMpumalanga Ekude, nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga yeTibet. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinamagatsha angafinyelela ku-50 cm. Phezu kwamahlumela kukhona i-pubescence, equkethe inqwaba ye-glandular. Amapuleti amaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza anobukhulu be-oblong-elliptical ubude nobubanzi angafinyelela ku-20 mm. Ingaphambili lawo alinalutho, kanti ngasohlangothini olungalungile kunezikali, ngenxa yokuthi zinombala obomvu. Izihlangu zinezimbali ezingama-7-15, ezifika ku-15 mm ngaphesheya; zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ebomvana. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe ku-Red Book of Buryatia.

IJapan Rhododendron (Rhododendron japonicum)

Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo yiJapan, noma kunalokho, isiqhingi saseHonshu, lapho uncamela ukukhula ezintabeni ezinelanga. Lolu hlobo lungelinye lama-rhododendrons amahle kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi kungafinyelela ku-200 cm. Isiqu saso singenalutho noma amabhulethi esiliva atholakala ebusweni bawo. Ipuleti lamaqabunga aluhlaza linomumo oblong-lanceolate, futhi kukhona ukubukeka okuthambile ngaphambili nangaphezulu kwendawo. Ekwindla, amahlamvu aphenduka abomvu-owolintshi. Amabhulashi anezimbali ezingama-6-12 ezinamakha bell, afinyelela ku-80 mm ngaphesheya futhi anombala obomvu obomvu noma owolintshi. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhulwe maphakathi nethambeka, lolu hlobo luhle kunazo zonke. Ine-high frost ukumelana, futhi ibuye isakazeke ngokuphelele ngembewu nokusikwa.

I-Caucasian Rhododendron (Rhododendron caucasicum)

Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala endaweni yeCaucasus. Lesi sitrobheli esingamude kakhulu sihlala sihlala siqinile, amagatsha awo ayavela. Amapulangwe anamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, akhiwe kuma-petioles aminyene amade, anomumo obunjiwe. Ingaphambili lazo lingenalutho, futhi ingaphakathi lizwakala libomvu. Ezindongeni ezinoboya kungamabhulashi aqukethe izimbali ezinamakha angama-8-10 ezinomumo obunjiwe bell kanye nombala oluhlaza okotshani, amabala aluhlaza ngaphakathi kwePharynx. Izindlela zokuhlobisa:

pink-white - izimbali ziqala ngaphambili kunezinhlobo eziphambili;
brilliant - umbala wezimbali upinki omnyama;
ophuzi wegolide - ngaphezulu kwezimbali eziphuzi kukhona uhlaka oluluhlaza okotshani;
utshani ophuzi - amabala abomvu akhanyayo atholakala ebusweni bezimbali eziphuzi.

Futhi, abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezinjengale: i-Albrecht's rhododendron, Atlantic, Vasaia, holoflora, treelike, aphuzi, zinezinwele ezilukhuni, entshonalanga, golide, Indian, Kamchatka, Canadian, uCaroline, Carpathian, carpal, gooey, enemibala emifushane, blush, enkulu, inamaqabunga, , I-Lapland, i-Ledebour, encane-ileved, i-marigold, i-sea-buckthorn, i-spiky, i-dont, i-Pontic, ekhangayo, i-Bukhan, i-rusty, yinde ngokulingana, i-pink, Sikhotin, i-slaly, i-blunt, i-Yakushima nabanye

I-Rhododendron Hybrid

Lokhu kufaka inzalo kanye nezitshalo ezitshalwa abalimi. IHybrid Rhododendron iyi-Rhododendron engadini. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:

Umlimi waseJalimane u-Alfred. Le nhlobonhlobo itholwe ngokuwela iKatevbinsky rhododendron no-Everestin. Lesi sihlahla esihlala siluhlaza sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,2. Ububanzi bomqhele bubalelwa ku-150 cm. Amapuleti amnyama anamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama anesimo se-oblong-elliptical. Ama-inflorescence aminyene aqukethe izimbali ezingama-15- 20 zombala ocebile onsomi, anendawo eluhlaza okotshani obude obude obufinyelela ku-60 mm.
Okunhlobonhlobo Blue Peter. Kwakunqunyelwa ngokuwela iPontic rhododendron. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-150. Umqhele obumayo unobubanzi obungama-200 cm.obubanzi, izimbali ezi-lavender-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifinyelela ku-60 mm, zinomkhawulo odlubhekile, futhi ekhasini eliphakeme elingaphezulu kunesiqephu sombala onsomi omnyama.
UJackson. Le nzalo yesiNgisi yatholakala ngokuwela i-Caucasian rhododendron nezinhlobonhlobo zeNobleanum. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana kucishe kube ngu-200 cm, kuthi esiphambanweni umqhele wawo ufinyelela ku-300 cm. Kunefomu eliqhakazile, ukuphakama kwalo kungadluli kumamitha ayi-0.8. Amapuleti anamaqabunga anamaqabunga esikhumba ane-matte ngaphambili nendawo engemuva elinsundu. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ezingama-8-12, ezi-pink ngenkathi kuvulwa, bese-ke zishintsha zibe mhlophe, nefomu lomcu omhlophe ophuzi kolunye lwamaphayini.
URose Marie. Izinhlobonhlobo zaseCzech, ezitholakala ngokuwela i-Rhododendron enhle ne-Pink Pearl. I-shrub ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,2 kanti ububanzi bomqhele bungamasentimitha ayi-150. Amaqabunga amahlamvu wesikhumba anomumo obumbekile, lapho ebusweni obuluhlaza bune-wax emhlophe, kanti engalungile iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ecwebezelayo. Emaphethelweni wezimbali apendiwe ngombala onsomi opinki, ophakathi nendawo uthathelwe indawo ngopinki ojulile opende onsomi. Ama-compact spherical inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezingama-6-14.
Nova Zembla. Le hybrid yaseDashi yakhuliswa ngokuwela i-Rhododendron yeKatevbinsky nePerse Gloriosum. Ukuphakama kwesihlahlana kungamasentimitha angama-300, kanti umqhele oxegekile ku-girth ufinyelela cishe kuma-350 cm. Iziqu zikhula cishe zibheke phezulu. Amapulangwe eshidi acwebezelayo amakhulu impela. Ama-inflorescence aminyene aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu eziyi-10-12, afike ku-60 mm ngaphesheya, anombala obomvu futhi abe nocezu omnyama.
Cunningham. Lo mkhakha waseScotland unhlobonhlobo odumile kakhulu weCaucasian rhododendron. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube ngu-200 cm, kanti umqhele obubanzi bufika ku-150 cm. Ubude bamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama bubalelwa ku-60 mm, ububanzi bawo bube ngu-30 mm. Ama-inflorescence aminyene aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe eziyi-10, ebusweni lapho kukhona khona ithafa eliphuzi.

I-Rhododendron emadolobheni angaphansi

Abalimi abaningi abangenanzuzo, sebebone i-Rhododendron enhle esithombeni, banquma ukuhlobisa uzungu lwabo lwensimu ngazo zonke izindleko. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni eziningi, lapho eselithengile futhi lihlanyele isihlahla esilihlafunile esakhiweni sakhe, umlimi ubona ukuthi i-Rhododendron yakhe ayisihle njengoba bekulindelekile, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kancane kancane uyabuna futhi afe. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlakulela ngempumelelo isihlahla se-thermophilic ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba? Futhi ngokuvamile, kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhule isitshalo esinjalo maphakathi nethangwe elingavamile kuso? Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, kungenzeka.

Ifaka indawo yokuhlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha

Okokuqala, kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele ezingaphila ezinyangeni zobusika zasebandeni. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinhlobo ezithanda ukushisa nezinhlobonhlobo, noma ngabe zimbozwe kahle kakhulu, zisazoqhubeka zibanda ebusika. Izinhlobo ezinqabayo zikulungele kakhulu ukukhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjengalezi: i-Rhododendron yaseJapan, ophuzi, iSchlippenbach, iVasaia, iCanada, iKamchatka, neBukhan. Nge-semi-evergreen, ungakhetha i-Rhododendron kaLedebour. Ukulima ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo eziphuma ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ziluhlaza, i-Ketevba rhododendron (kanye no-Alfred wayo, u-Abraham Lincoln, uNova Zembla, uCunningham White), onezithelo ezimfishane, wegolide, omkhulu kunabo bonke no-Rhododendron Smirnova kanye no-nzalo wakhe uGabriel, uDorothy Swift. Abafuyi bezindawo baseFinland muva nje bathole izinhlobo ezingamelana nobusika i-Elvira, i-Hague, iMikkeli. Ama-hybrids eqembu leNorth Light iLosie, Izibani eziPinki, Izibani ezi-Spicy nezinye nazo zibekezelela ubusika obunzima bezindawo eziphakathi nendawo.

Imithetho yokufakelwa

Ukuthenga isithombo esifanelekile akwanele, kufanele kusatshalwe ngokufanele:

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Indawo kufanele ibe semthunzini okhethiwe, futhi ibanga phakathi kokuhlwanyelwa kwesinye isitshalo noma yisiphi isitshalo kufanele okungenani libe yi-100 cm.
Ngokutshala, kunconywa ukuthenga ingxube yenhlabathi ekhethekile. Uma ufisa, kungenziwa ekhaya, ngoba lokhu udinga izinaliti, umhlaba wegadi kanye ne-peat. Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezimbiwa kufanele ungezwe emhlabathini.
Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala kufanele bube bukhulu kaningana kunesitsha lapho isitshalo sitholakala khona. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, khona-ke phansi komgodi kuzodingeka wenze ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi ngezitini eziphukile, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha ayi-15.
Ngemuva kokutshala, intamo yezimpande yesitshalo kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo nelisitsha.
Isitshalo esitshaliwe sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi.

Izici zokunakekelwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha

Ukunakekela i-Rhododendron etshalwe maphakathi nethambeka kufanele icishe ifane nalezo izitshalo ezitshalwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Noma kunjalo, kusekhona umehluko eziningana. Imithetho Yokunakekela:

Ngokutshala, umhlabathi we-humus acidic kufanele usetshenziswe. Kulezo zindawo lapho izimpande zizodonsa khona izakhamzimba, akumele kube khona umlotha wokhuni, i-dolomite, ukhilimu nezinye izengezo ezingaluthambisa inhlabathi.
Ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kumele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba, ngenxa yezimpande ezikhiwe ngokuqondile, ukukhulula nokumba inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo akuvunyelwe.
Entwasahlobo, isihlahla kumele sivikeleke emisebeni yelanga eshisayo. Kulokhu, i-gauze, i-mesh noma indwangu kufanelekile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha imodi yokuchelela efanele. Lesi sitshalo kufanele sithole umswakama omningi njengoba sidinga. Esikhathini esishisayo esishisayo ehlobo, shrub kufanele iniselwe izikhathi 2 ngezinsuku eziyi-7. Uma ekwindla kunesimo sezulu esifudumele nesifudumele impela, khona-ke amahlumela amancane aqala ukukhula emithini, kepha angafi ebusika futhi afe. Ukuze uvimbele ukwanda okunjalo kokukhula kwesiqu, isihlahla kufanele siphathwe kumpompo ohlukaniswe kahle ngesixazululo se-monophosphate noma se-potassium sulfate (1%) bese sikwenza lokhu ngosuku olomile. Lokhu kuzoholela ekumisweni kokukhula, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuchuma kweziqu nokubekwa kwezimbali zezimbali zesizini ezayo. Ngemuva kokuthi i-shrub icubunguliwe, konke ukunisela kufanele kumiswe, noma ngabe kunesomiso nokushisa.
Uma wesaba ukuthi izihlahla zingalimala yiqhwa ebusika, khona-ke kufanele zimbozwe. Kulokhu, kufakwa uhlaka lwamatshe anensimbi eduze kwesihlahla. Kufanele ihlanganiswe nge-spanbond, egxunyekwe ngezintambo.

Izici eziwusizo ze-Rhododendron

I-Rhododendron isitshalo esihle kakhulu, futhi futhi inezindawo zokuphulukisa esezisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi kwezokwelapha ezisemthethweni nakwezinye. Ukwakheka kwezinhlobo ze-rhododendron Daurian, yegolide, i-Adams, neCaucasian kufaka i-andromedotoxin, i-ericoline, i-arbutin ne-Rhododendrin. Amahlamvu aqukethe i-ascorbic acid, kanti ehlobo ukuhlushwa kwawo esitshalweni kukhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yezinto ezifakwe ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo esinjalo, ziyahlukahluka emiphumeleni ye-analgesic, sedative, antipyretic, antibacterial ne-diaphoretic. Iyakwazi nokukhipha uketshezi olwedlulele emzimbeni, iqede i-edema, ukuphefumula, ukuqina, ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, futhi kunciphise nomfutho we-venous negazi.

Kepha akufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinangozi ngokuphelele. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesisekelo se-Rhododendron akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu abanezifo ezinzima zezinso kanye ne-izic necrosis, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa amabele. Kunconyelwe nokuthi uqale ubonane nochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuthatha ikhambi okokuqala ngqa.