Utamatisi ungenye yamasiko athandwa kakhulu ezingadini zethu. Kodwa-ke, uma kwezinye izimo zisebenza kahle, kwezinye zidumaza obala. Futhi iphuzu lapha alikukhona ukugcinwa okufika ngesikhathi kwezindlela ezilungile zezolimo, kepha futhi ekukhetheni kwezinhlobo. Luhlobo olukhethwe kahle utamatisi olunganikeza ama-50% empumelelo yesilimo, bese ukunisela ikhwalithi, nokuphakela okufika ngesikhathi, nokuphina, kanye namanye amaqhinga. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga imbewu ye-utamatisi, akufanele uthembele kuyi-intuition, noma kakhulu esithombeni esimibalabala, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ezicini zalokho okususa isithombe negama elikhanyayo.
Utamatisi
Ake sibheke ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani imbewu yetamatisi emibhedeni yakho.
1. Sigxila ohlotsheni lokuthuthuka kwengxenye ye-utellite yomoya
Into yokuqala okufanele uyiqonde lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ukuthi wonke utamatisi ahlukile ngesimo sokuthuthuka kwezingxenye zezindiza. Ngalesi sisekelo bahlukaniswe yizinhlobonhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nelinqunyelwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaNdebele kanye nzalo ka utamatisi ziyehluka ekukhuleni okungenamkhawulo futhi zingafinyelela ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayi-6. Emgqeni ophakathi nangaseningizimu akhule ngokugcina izithombo, enza uhlaka olulodwa. Eningizimu, baziveza kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Azisetshenziswa enyakatho, njengoba zingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
- Ama-inflorescence kumatamatisi anjalo akhiwa kuwo wonke amaqabunga amathathu.
- Ezitshalweni, kungaze kufike amabhulashi ayi-9, okuqala kuwo kuvela ngaphezu kweqabunga le-8-12, bese kulandela owesibili.
- Lezi izinhlobo zokulungisa utamatisi. Ziqhakaza futhi zithela izithelo kaninginingi, zimisa ukukhula kuphela lapho kwehlisa amazinga okushisa ekwindla.
- Ezinqunweni zikatamatisi ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu, kufinyelela izithelo ezi-4 ebhulashini elilodwa, kuthi izithelo ezincane, i-cherry, kufinyelele kuzithelo ezingama-30.
- Isikhathi sezithelo zaleli qembu siqala ngezinsuku eziyi-110 - 120 kusuka esikhathini sokuvela kwezithombo.
- Ngenxa yokukhula okuphezulu, utamatisi ophakathi nendawo awuthinteki kakhulu ngokulimala sekwephuzile.
Izinhlobonhlobo Zokuzimisela Utamatisi - kwehluka ekukhuleni okulinganiselwe (50 - 120 cm), izimbali zesikhathi esisodwa, amandla okwenza ama-inflorescence kumagatsha aseceleni. Izinhlobo zezitamatisi ezinqumayo zisetshenziselwa kuphela indawo evulekile (eningizimu kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo), enyakatho kwizindlu zokugcina izithombo. Dinga i-garter elula.
- Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezinqunyelwe zibekwe emthini owodwa cishe ngamabhulashi ayi-5, azakheke ngamaqabunga ayi-1 - 2.
- I-inflorescence yokuqala yakheka ngaphezu kweqabunga lesi-5 - 7.
- Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezinqikayo zinama-internode amafushane.
- Ukuthola isivuno esigcwele kudinga ukucwilisa.
- Izinhlobo zamatamatisi ezinqikayo ziqala ukuba nezithelo ezinsukwini ezingama-80 - 100 kusukela ngomzuzu wokuvela kwezithombo.
- Banikeza isivuno ngendlela enobungane - ama-50% ezithelo avuthwa ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-20 zesikhathi sezithelo.
- Bona uqobo bayayeka ukukhula ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwebhulashi lokugcina.
Eqenjini elinqumayo, izinhlobo ezi-superdeterminant kanye ne-semi-Detonant ziyabonakala.
Utamatisi weSuperdeterminant bakha ihlumela elifushane (kufika ku-80 cm) elinezihlahla ezinhlamvu kakhulu elinamabhulashi ama-2-3 akha amaqabunga ama-1-2 asevele anamaqabunga ama-5-6. Lezi zinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zikatamatisi, zinikeza isivuno ndawonye, azidingi ukuthi zinqunywe. Ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-20 zesikhathi sezithelo, cishe ama-80% azo zonke izithelo zivuthwa kuzo.
Utamatisi onquma ukuthi ungakanani iba nokuqagela okubuthakathaka futhi ingakhula ibe yi-1.5 m ubude, yakha ama-inflorescences angama-6 - 8, okuqala kuwo kwakhiwa ngemuva kwamaqabunga ayi-9 - 10, bese okulandelayo - ngemuva kwamaqabunga ama-2 - 3. Avuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Dinga i-garter. Kwenziwe amahlumela ama-2.
Utamatisi ohlanganisiwe uphansi kakhulu. Awudingi i-garter, ungadingi ukuphina. Kwasekuqaleni kakhulu, kubonakaliswa ukubuya okunhle kwesitshalo. Abanayo kuphela isihlahla esididiyelwe, kepha futhi nohlelo oluncane lwezimpande, ngakho-ke bangatshalwa ekutshaleni okuhlanganisiwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi zaleli qembu zilungele isiko lesitsha. Iningi likhule lingamelana nokucindezelwa. Ibhulashi lokuqala kumatamatisi anjalo lakhiwa ngaphezulu kweqabunga 4 - 5, elilandelayo - ngemuva kwamaqabunga ayi-1 - 2.
Utamatisi
2. Khetha usayizi wezithelo zikatamatisi
Isici esibaluleke ngokulinganayo esinquma ukukhetha kwezinhlobo zamatamatisi usayizi wezithelo. Futhi nalapha futhi, akulula.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi usayizi wezithelo zalesi sitshalo uhlobene ngqo nokuphakama kwezitshalo, kepha kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziphansi (ezinqunyelwe) zikatamatisi zikhiqiza utamatisi osayizi omncane noma omncane, kepha okungaphakathi kungaba kukhulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ama-cherry angamalungu eqembu lokugcina - enobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu bamatamatisi.
Ngakho-ke, ukubeka umgomo wokukhulisa ubuhle bekhilogremu, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi kuzodingeka ubhekane nezinhlobonhlobo zangaphakathi zamatamatisi, okunzima kakhulu ukuzinakekela kunalabo abangaphansi, unikeze isivuno esikhula isikhathi eside, futhi ngesilinganiso esincanyana kunezinhlobo ezinezithelo ezincane. Kepha uma utamatisi utshalwe ukuthola imikhiqizo yemakethe, noma ukuze ususe inani elikhulu lezithelo ngesikhathi esifushane (sokuhlwanyelwa) - iqembu elinqumayo lizoba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu.
3. Sicabanga ukubekelwa phansi utamatisi
Isakhi esilandelayo sokukhetha “okuhle” ukuhambelana kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka kukatamatisi esifundeni sezulu.
Yini ukuhlukahluka okusobala? Lokhu kukhethiwe okuhlukahlukene okukhiqizwe endaweni ngesisekelo sezinkomba ezihamba phambili zesivuno, ukuvuthwa, ukugcinwa kwekhwalithi, ukuhamba, ukunambitheka, ukumelana nezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezihlukanisiwe ... Ngezwi, kunganikeza isivuno esikhulu, ngokutshalwa okuncane kulezi zimo zezulu.
4. Sinaka isikhathi sokuvuthwa samatamatisi
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa samatamatisi yisikhathi esisuka kuzithombo siye ekuvuneni isivuno esikhulu. Lapha zonke izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu: ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi kanye nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile.
Ezimweni zehlobo elifushane, akunangqondo ukutshala izinhlobo zikatamatisi ezifika sekwephuzile noma zinezimpawu zokunambitha ezinhle kakhulu. Kepha eningizimu, kufanelekile ukukhetha izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, kanye nokunwebisela ukuvuna kanye nokuguquguqula itafula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu bokulimala kukatamatisi, kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo zokuqala ezikwazi ukunikeza ingxenye yesithelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimo ezivumayo zesifo.
Utamatisi
5. Sifunda izici zezithelo
Isilinganiselo esibophayo sokukhetha izinhlobo kufanele futhi sibe yizimpawu zezithelo zetamatisi ngokwazo. Usayizi, umbala, ukwakheka, i-meatiness, okuqukethwe ushukela, ukugcina ikhwalithi, ukuhambisa ...
Uma imikhiqizo ihloselwe imakethe, ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kungaba izinhlobo ezibomvu zamatamatisi ngezithelo zesimo esihambisanayo, isisindo esiphakathi, amanani aphezulu okuhamba nokugcina ikhwalithi, isivuno esinobungane esithelweni. Uma for amasaladi - okuthiwa isaladi yezinhlobo zamatamatisi, ebonakala ngezithelo ezinkulu ezinamanzi ngokunambitheka okucebile okugqamile. Lezi zivame ukuba ngamatamatisi apinki, aphuzi noma owolintshi. Kukhona futhi izinhlobonhlobo zokuthunga, zokuqandisa, zokuokomisa, zokufaka izinto ... Ngamazwi, kungenzeka futhi kufanelekile ukukhetha kahle ukuthi yini edingekayo.
6. Okunhlobonhlobo noma okuhlanganisiwe?
Lo mbuzo lapho ukhetha imbewu katamatisi uvame ukuba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukuyisebenzisa.
Kuyini okuhlukahlukene? Eqinisweni, lolu iqoqo lezimpawu ezihlukanisa iqembu lezitshalo ezivela kwezinye izitshalo zohlobo olufanayo. Yini i-hybrid? Lesi isidalwa esitholwa ngokuwela izinhlobo ezihlukile zofuzo. Esikhwameni esinembewu, kukhonjiswa uphawu F1, olutholakala ngemuva kwegama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlukahlukene kuyisethi ehleliwe yezimpawu, zombili ezingaphambili nezingalungile, ezidluliselwa ngembewu ziye esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezitshalo. Kepha i-hybrid iyinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezithuthukisiwe, kodwa, ngeshwa, ayilungisiwe enhlanyelweni. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ivunwa kusuka ezitshalweni ezihlukile, kepha hhayi ezitshalweni ezi-hybrid.
Ngakho-ke, uma imbewu katamatisiakhethelwa izithombo zokugcina izithombo, lapho-ke ukukhetha inzalo kufanele kube yisixazululo esingenakuphikiswa. Ziyahlukahluka ezitshalweni ezisebenzisekayo, ukukhula kusenesikhathi, isivuno esikhiqizwayo, umkhiqizo ofanayo, amandla aphezulu wokuzivumelanisa nezinto eziphikisayo, ukumelana okwandayo kwezifo nezinambuzane.
Uma sikhuluma ngomhlaba ovulekile, khona-ke zombili izinhlobo nezinhlobiso ezifanelekile. Kodwa-ke, okwedlule, ngenxa yobunye bezici ezinhle kakhulu zemigqa emibili yabazali ngasikhathi sinye, zihlala zizuzisa kakhulu.
Futhi nokho ... I-Hybrid ne-GMOs akuzona iziphikisana. Akuwona wonke umkhiqizo wokuzalela olungiswa ngofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi isiqalo esithi "F1" bese ukhetha ukuthi yikuphi okunikeza ngempela isivuno esihle.
Isihlahla samatamatisi.
7. Zingaki izinhlobo zamatamatisi okufanele uzithenge?
Umsebenzi onzima ngokulinganayo lapho ukhetha imbewu yamatamatisi kubaqadi abaluthayo ngumbuzo: Malini?
Eqinisweni, konke kulula. Uma isiko lingajwayelekile kuwe, futhi ungakwazi ukuzibiza ngokuthi ungumnikazi wegadi onolwazi, thenga izinhlobo ezi-1 - 2 ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu phakathi kwabangani bakho, lezo zinhlobonhlobo ezizwakalayo, nakubo 1 - 2 obuzithandile izivivinyo. Futhi akudingekile ukutshala yonke imbewu yetamatisi kusuka ku-sachet, izihlahla ezi-3-4 zanele ukuqonda ukuthi uthole ini futhi uqinisekise ukunakekelwa okufanele kwalokhu.
Isiphetho:
Lapho ukhetha imbewu katamatisi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwazo hhayi ekunambithekeni kuphela, kepha nasekuvuthweni kokuqala, ukuthela, ukugcina izinga, ukuhamba, ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane, uhlobo lokukhula nentuthuko. Zingaba nezincomo zokukhula kule ndawo ethile yesimo sezulu, zenze isiqu esisodwa noma ezimbili, futhi ziyehluka ngobulukhuni bembali.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina ngokuthengwa kwezinhlobo ezithile noma i-hybrid ethile, kufanele uzijwayeze ngokucophelela ngezimpawu zayo, ube nentshisekelo kuzibuyekezo, futhi ubale amathuba. Futhi, uma ukukhetha kungamabomu, ukuvuna kungenzeka ukujabulisa!
Amatafula wezimpawu zezinhlobo zamatamatisi ngendlela yokutshala, ukuvuthwa, uhlobo lokukhula, uhlobo lokusetshenziswa nokunye ongakuthola kwento ehlukile: "Amathebula wezimpawu zezinhlobo zamatamatisi"
Ukunaka! Sicela kuwe emazwaneni akulendatshana ukuthi ubhale izinhlobo zamatamatisi owukhulayo nokuthi uthanda ngezici zawo. Sicela ungakhohlwa, ngaphezu kwegama, ukubachaza kafushane, futhi ubonise ukuthi ubakhulisa ngasiphi isifunda. Ungathumela izibuyekezo zakho ngezithombe ezikule ntambo kwiforamu. Ngiyabonga!
