Isikhathi esifanele sokuvuna amazambane kubhekwa isikhathi lapho iziqongo sezivele zabuna ngokuphelele futhi zafa. Impela, lapho amahlamvu eqala ukuba nsundu futhi omile, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezingaphezulu nangaphansi zesitshalo kuncipha, bese kuyeka ngokuphelele. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhulelwa kuleli banga zakha ikhasi eliqinile futhi ziqongelela inani elifanele lomsoco. Ukuxhumeka kwamazambane ngama-stolons kuya buthaka. Lokho wukuthi, isikhathi siyeza lapho ungakwazi ukugaya amazambane ngaphandle kokwesaba ukulimala okungatheni ku-nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhethwa kwezinhlobo nesikhathi sokuvuna amazambane
Ngoba, ngenxa yezici zesimo sezulu, izikhathi zokutshala ezindaweni ezihlukile zingashintshwa, izinsuku zokuvuthwa kwamazambane yonke indawo zinqunywa ngokuhlukile. Futhi lapha, ukuthola ezithela eziphakeme esifundeni esithile noma esiteji sokutshala, ukukhetha okulungile kwezinhlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amazambane angahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana ngokuya ngejubane lokuvuthwa nesikhathi sokukhula.
- Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zilungele ukumba ngezinsuku ezingama-50-65.
- Ukuhlwanyelwa kwamazambane aphakathi okuqala kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-65 kuye kwezingu-80.
- Izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini zinikeza isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu ngezinsuku ezingama-80-95.
- Amazambane aphakathi nendawo sekwedlule isikhathi, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, asemhlabathini kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-95 kuye kwezingu-110.
- Ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwa sekwephuzile, isikhathi esiningi sidlula ngaphambi kokuvuna amazambane - okungenani izinsuku eziyi-110.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni ngasinye, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo zokutshala kwenziwa wedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezinqubo ezinqumayo, hhayi kuphela isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamazambane kanye nesikhathi sazo sokukhula, kodwa futhi nenhloso yezinhlobonhlobo, ukunambitheka kwaso kanye nekhono lokumelana nokugcinwa kwebusika kubalulekile.
Izici ezithinta isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamazambane
Ngisho nokutshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo, abalimi abakholelwa ukuthi amazambane azovunwa ngasikhathi sinye.
- Kwethulwa amanani amaningi wezinto eziphilayo ahudula isikhathi sokukhula sezihlahla, kuthi lapho sekumba amazambane amasha ku-nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kutholakala okuqukethwe okukhulayo kwama-nitrate.
- Umpofu umhlabathi, isikhathi sifika lapho ungakha amazambane. Emhlabathini ovundile, izimila zezitshalo, ngakho-ke ukukhula nokukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, kungaqhubeka kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile.
- Emhlabathini owomisiwe, umswakama ongenantuleka, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamazambane siyancishiswa. Njengoba usuvele phakathi nehlobo emasimini lapho izitshalo zingatholanga ukuthambisa khona, ungabona izimbali eziphuzi noma izihlahla ezibuna ngokuphelele.
Esimweni sokuqala, kunengozi yokuthola isivuno esingavuthiwe ngokuwa, ukungakwazi ukudlulisa isitoreji sasebusika. Futhi kwisimo sesibili nesesithathu, kuzoba nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbalwa kakhulu, noma zonke zazo zizincane.
Umgomo wanoma yimuphi umlimi uyisithelo esiphakeme, esigcinwe kahle kubo bonke ubusika. Ukuze lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa uvuthwe, uthole isisindo, kwakheke ikhasi eliminyene futhi baqoqe izakhi zomzimba.
Ungabona kanjani ukuthi ungawemba nini amazambane? Ukugxila komiswa nokufela eziqongweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula:
- Ukugcina ama-tubers enhlabathini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamaviki amathathu ngemuva kokuthi imifino seyomile akunangqondo;
- ukuvuna amazambane kamuva kuzokwenza ukuthi ama-tubers agcinwe kabi;
- uma iziqu namaqabunga, yize kubanda kusondela, kuluhlaza, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Uma ngabe iqhwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi lonakalise izitshalo, kungcono ukuqoqa amazambane ngaphandle kokulibala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izakhi zomzimba ezivela ku-nezilimo eziyizigaxa zizohamba ukubuyisa iziqongo.
Ukucheba iziqongo nezinye izindlela zokulinganisa ukuvuthwa kwamazambane
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokugwema lesi simo lapho kufanele ugaye amazambane amancane ekwindla ukusika iziqongo eziluhlaza namanje. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngokutshala sekwephuzile noma ehlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingezakhi izi-peels zilimala kalula futhi zigcinwe kahle. Uma ungakwazi ukulinda ukuvuna amazambane, khona-ke okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokumba, iziqongo zigawulwa ngokucophelela. Ngokwesitshalo, lokhu kuba uphawu lokuqedwa kwezimila, bese nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyavuthwa. Inqubo efanayo yenziwa uma kufanele usebenzise i-digger yamazambane noma ugandaganda wokuhamba ngemuva lapho uvuna.
Ukuthola amazambane angathengiswayo ezitezi zokuqala, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali nanamuhla.
- Lapho ucela amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokukhetha amazambane, amabombo afafazwa nge-sulfate yethusi ehlutshiwe ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-5 ilitha lamanzi. Amakhemikhali adonsela umswakama emithanjeni, ngenxa yalokho, amaqabunga ayaqina, bese ancipha bese omile.
- Ekupheleni kwehlobo elide, elipholile, elihambisana nokujula kwezulu, iziqongo ziphathwa nge-magnesium chlorate. Ithuluzi lenziwa ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ama-20 wamakhemikhali ilitha lamanzi ngalinye. Uma isimo sezulu sihlala somile, emva kwezinsuku ezi-5 ingxenye eluhlaza yezitshalo iyoma.
- Ukufafaza eziqongweni zemifino kusiza ukusheshisa ukufafazwa kwamazambane ebhatata nge-superphosphate ngesilinganiso 2 kg somkhiqizo ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngesikhathi sasemini noma kusihlwa ngemuva kwenkathi yezimbali, kuyilapho kusuka kumalitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-10 amakhemikhali adliwe ezingxenyeni eziyikhulu.
Lawa makhono azosiza ekutholeni amabhubu wezinga eliphakeme ehlobo, lapho ukugaya amazambane amancane kunobungozi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu komshini.
Ukuvuthwa okushesha kakhulu kunobulungiswa e-peatlands nasezindaweni eziphansi, lapho ehlobo lina khona kunzima ukuthola isivuno esivuthiwe.
Isimo sezulu sokumba amazambane
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokumba ama-tubers womile, isimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho ungakwazi ukugaya amazambane futhi uwahlunge lapho. Ukomisa isitshalo ngokushesha, ukuhlanza izinsalela zenhlabathi futhi akubandi.
Uma kufika imvula, kungcono ukungabambezeleli ukuhlanzwa. Njengoba umswakama ngokweqile ekugcineni kwenkathi yokukhula kungadala izifo zamazambane, ukubukeka kokubola ezindaweni ezilimele futhi kuthinte kabi impilo yeshelufu.
Izimo zokushisa ezifanele zamazambane wokuvuna zibanga ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-17 degrees. Njengoba zombili izithando zokupholisa zesikhathi esisodwa futhi ezinzile azilimazi iziqongo kuphela, kepha zingalimaza nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngalesi sizathu, akufanele ugaye amazambane ekuseni ekwindla, lapho umoya ubanda kakhulu kunenhlabathi.
Ukuvuna ngesandla nokusebenzisa imbila yamazambane
Ngokuya ngendawo yesakhiwo kanye nezinto azithandayo, abalimi bakhetha ifosholo, ipitchfork, igeja, umganda ogandaganda noma izimbiza ezikhethekile zamazambane njengethuluzi lokupheka amazambane. Nge-pitchfork, ungasusa onke ama-tubers akhiwe esihlahleni. Ukulimala kusuka kuleli thuluzi kuncane, futhi kulula ukusebenzisana nabo. Kodwa uma ishubhu lisalimala, ngokungafani namazambane asikiwe nefosholo, ngeke likwazi ukugcinwa futhi kufanele licutshungulwe ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usebenzisa imfoloko, ngokuvamile amazambane amancane awakhethwa emhlabathini.
Lapho amazambane amancanyana egaywe enhlabathini evulekile, kuvame ukwanela ukudonsa esihlahleni sezithelo zamazambane ukuze kubonakale iningi lama-tubers ebusweni, abanye basuswe besebenzisa ifolishi nefosholo. Emhlabathini ominyene, osindayo, isihlahla semba, sazisa ibanga kusuka ohlangothini ukusindisa nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Le mithetho isebenza ezindaweni ezincane, kepha uma amasimu makhulu, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile. I-do-it-ngokwakho i-potato digger noma ithuluzi lefekthri lingenza lula inqubo, inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi nesikhathi sokuvuna nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ukusebenza nge-digger yamazambane kudinga ukuthi unamathele ezimisweni ezithile.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kuyasebenza uma imigqa yamasebhi nayo.
- Ibanga livumela i-digger ukuthi ingalimazi izitshalo eziseduze.
- Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi umdwebo wamazambane uya kalula, namazambane asala emhlabathini ngemuva kwephaseji. Uma ukujula kukhethwe ngokungalunganga, umsebenzi uzoba yinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokulahlwa kwenhlabathi ngokweqile, noma enye ingxenye yesilimo izolahleka.
Akunandaba ukuthi kuvinjwe amazambane, ngesandla noma ngomshini, ngemuva kokuqoqa ama-tubers, kufanele ahlelwe, asuse amazambane agulayo futhi alimala. Futhi uma kunesidingo, khona lapho ezinhlotsheni, okokutshala kukhethwa isizini ezayo.
