Uhlobo oluningi kakhulu emndenini we-orchid yi-Epidendrum. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-1100, phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-epiphytes, ama-lithophytes nezinhlobo zomhlaba zomhlaba wama-orchid asizayo. Emvelweni, angatholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi nakwezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika naseNyakatho Melika.
Izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lobuzwe, njengomthetho, zinokuhluka okusobala kusuka komunye nomunye, okuyizinto ngobukhulu nangokubukeka. Kodwa-ke, inhlobo ngayinye inamagatsha ama-rhizomes amafushane (amahlumela ahlelayo aguqukayo asendle), futhi futhi anamaqabunga obunzima, acinene, acishe abe amnandi. Lawa maqabunga angatholakala engxenyeni engenhla yama-pseudobulbs amancane ngababili noma ngokuhlukile ngeziqu ezondile. Kunezinhlobo lapho amaqabunga enesimo esilinganayo se-lanceolate nethiphu ekhonjiwe, futhi asongeka kancane eceleni kwethango eliphakathi nendawo, kanti amanye anama-oval angamaqabaka amaqabunga anombala obunjiwe ngesikebhe noma nge-scoop. Ama-pedical i-mantic ejwayelekile ageleza kakhulu, athwala ama-inflorescence aminyene ngesimo sebhola noma ibhulashi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zinama-inflorescence ahamba-eyodwa noma isithuthuthu esingaqondile, esinezimbali ezimbalwa kuphela. Izimbali ezinombala ogcwele zingaba zinkulu (kufika ku-14 amasentimitha) noma zincane impela (ububanzi kusuka kusentimitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-4). Amathuna ama-3 (sepals) no-2 weqiniso (amacembe), njengomthetho, anombala ofanayo nesimo. Izindebe ezinkulu eziyinkimbinkimbi (i-petal petal) enkulu eduze kwesisekelo ifakwa kwishubhu.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Epidendrum orchid ekhaya
I-Epidendrum ayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali baseRussia. Kodwa-ke, ezitolo zezimbali zakwamanye amazwe kukhethwa olukhulu lwama-orchid anhlobonhlobo njengama nzalo kanye nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuthi singatshalwa ngabalimi abanolwazi, kuyilapho abaqalayo bengaba nezinkinga eziningi naso.
Ukukhanyisa
Idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo unyaka wonke, kepha ngasikhathi sinye imbali kufanele ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Kunconywa ukuyibeka efasiteleni lewindows lasentshonalanga noma elisempumalanga. Uma imbali isewindini lendlela yaseningizimu, khona-ke ntambama kufanele ibe nomthunzi kusuka elangeni elinukayo.
Akunconyelwe ukubeka ubhubhane ehhashini engxenyeni esenyakatho yegumbi, ngoba kunokukhanya okuncane kakhulu ngisho nasehlobo. Kodwa-ke, imbali ivame ukukhula futhi ikhule endaweni enjalo, uma ihlinzekwa ngokukhanyiswa ngama-phytolamp, izinga lokukhanya kufanele libe yi-6000 lux, futhi ukukhanya kosuku kufanele kube nesikhathi esingamahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12. Futhi, ukukhanyisela emuva ngama-phytolamp kunconyelwa ukusetshenziselwa ekwindla nasebusika (ikakhulukazi kusihlwa).
Imodi yokushisa
Lesi sitshalo sidinga izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe noma elipholile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umehluko ekushiseni kwansuku zonke. Kungcono uma ngesikhathi sasemini ikamelo lisuka ku-18 liye ku-25 degrees, futhi ebusuku - lisuka ku-12 liye ku-16 degrees, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umehluko wokushisa kufanele okungenani ube ngama-degree ayi-6.
Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, lesi sitshalo singabekwa emgwaqweni (engadini, kuvulandi), uma kungekho ukusongela kwesithwathwa ebusuku. Udinga ukuvikeleka elangeni eliqondile nasemvuleni. Le yindlela elula yokuqinisekisa umbuso ofanele wokushisa we-orchid enjalo.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Indlela lapho lesi sifo sokhula kufanele sikhule ngayo kuncike ezinhlotsheni. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezinkulu (ngokwesibonelo, i-epidendrum enezimpande) zinconyelwa ukuba zikhuliswe emabhodweni, futhi icwecwe (ngokwesibonelo, i-pesendrum enomumo wesikele) - emabhuloki. Ingxube yomhlabathi efanelekile inezingcezu eziphakathi nendawo zamagxolo zikaphayini, i-peat, i-sphagnum kanye nenani elincane lamalahle. Ucezu olukhulu lwegxolo likaphayini lusetshenziswa njengebhulokhi, ngaphezulu lapho kufakwa khona i-rhizome kanye nohlelo lwezimbali. Ukuze uketshezi lungashwibi ngokushesha okukhulu, udinga ukumboza ngesahluko esingesihle kakhulu se-sphagnum.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Ngokunisela sebenzisa amanzi athambile kahle avikelwe, okushisa kwawo kufanele kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-45 degrees. Kunconywa ukunisela isitshalo ngokuntywilisela ebhodweni noma emgqonyeni kubhasi ogcwele amanzi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30, udinga ukuthola i-orchid, ulinde kuze kube yilapho wonke amanzi ekhishwa ngokweqile ewubuyisela endaweni yawo.
Kunconywa ukunisela isitshalo ngemuva kokuba igxolo selomile ngokuphelele (ukomisa okugcwele akufanele kuvunyelwe).
Umswakama
Ukuswakama kakhulu komoya akudingeki, ngokulungile - ngamaphesenti angama-50-70. Ukuqinisekisa umswakama onjalo, kunconywa ukuthulula ubumba olunwetshiwe epanini bese uthela amanzi amancane, ngenkathi izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku, udinga ukuthambisa amahlamvu kusuka ku-sprayer.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-4, ngemuva kokuthi isakhiwana (ibhlokhi) senziwe ngokuqina noma sibolile. Kunconywa ukufakelwa ngokushesha lapho isitshalo sesiphelile ukuqhakaza.
Umanyolo
Gcoba isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini amabili noma amathathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wama-orchid. Umanyolo uqothulwe emanzini okunisela (bheka ukugxilwa kokuphakwa).
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Isitshalo asinaso isikhathi sokuphumula.
Izindlela zokuzala
Indlela yokuzala incike ezinhlotsheni. Ngakho-ke, ingasakazwa yizingane ezikhula emahlumela, ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes noma ngokufaka ingcambu engxenyeni ye-apical, lapho kufanele kube nezimpande zomoya.
Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi okungenani ama-pseudobulbs ama-3 athuthukisiwe noma amahlumela kufanele aqhubeke ekwabelweni ngakunye. Ingane kufanele ihlukaniswe ihlumela likamama kuphela ngemuva kokuba ikhule ngezimpande ezinkulu impela.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Melana nezilokazane. I-orchid enjalo iyagula kaningi ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemithetho yokunakekelwa. Isibonelo: ukubola kwama-pseudobulbs kanye nohlelo lwezimpande ngokunisela ngokweqile, ukubukeka kokushiswa kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ngokukhanya okungahambi kahle - ukungabikho kwezimbali, njll.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Ngezansi kunencazelo yezinhlobo eziphambili ze-orchid enjalo, noma kunjalo, ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi ziinhlobonhlobo zembewu ehlukahlukene.
I-Epidendrum rooting (i-Epidendrum radicans)
Le lithophyte emvelweni ingatholakala emahlathini anomswakama eColombia, kanye naseMexico. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi linezimpande eziningi zasemoyeni ezikhula phezu kwawo wonke amaqabunga anamaqabunga ngokugcwele, amahlumela amancanyana, avame ukude ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. Amacembe akhonjwe kumathiphu anamumo omncane we-elliptical kanye nobude obucishe bulingane namasentimitha ayi-10-14. Emigudwini ye-multifloral kukhona ama-inflorescence anomumo webhola futhi aqukethe izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ezifinyelela kububanzi bamasentimitha amane. Amathuna aqondile we-oval ayimitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude namasentimitha ayi-5 ububanzi. Ama-petals abanzi anendawo ecishe ifane nedayimane. Izindebe ezinemilando emithathu kuthiwa iyafana nenyoni endizayo, inezindlwana ezinamaphiko, ezinesimo esicishe sibe sinxande, ngenkathi sisenkabeni, sigcotshwe esicibeni. Engxenyeni ephakathi yomlomo, emphinjeni wethhubhu, ucezu lwamafulegi aphuzi agqamile.
I-Epidendrum cross noma i-ibaguei (i-Epidendrum ibaguense)
Umbono onjalo womhlaba ngokwemvelo ungabonakala eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi. Ngokufana nesiqalo esinezimpande, nokho, kulesi sitshalo esinjalo, izimpande ze-a emoyeni zikhula kuphela esisekelweni sehlumela. Futhi inemibala ehlukahlukene, isibonelo: obomvu, ophuzi, owolintshi kanye onsomi okhanyayo.
I-Epidendrum ciliated (i-Epidendrum ciliare)
Endle, kutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika Ephakathi. Lesi sitshalo iyi-epiphyte ephakathi nendawo lapho ama-pseudobulbs emile eklabhini futhi angafanani noma ayindilinga. Amapheshana ama-Oblong-elliptical ubude angafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15. Ama-peduncle ama-Multifloral anama-inflorescence apical ngesimo samabhulashi. Izimbali ezinamakha zinkulu ngokwanele, ubukhulu bazo bungamasentimitha ayi-9. Amathuna aluhlaza-ophuzi notshani mncane kakhulu, aqhelelene. Izindebe ezinemilando emithathu kuthiwa zipende zimhlophe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingxenye zaso ezinobubanzi bazo ezinamathele zinezimpawu ezinamandla futhi zifana nezimpaphe eziphazamisekile, kanti ne-lobe ende etholakala enkabeni, incane, yaphakama futhi ikhombe, ifana nomkhonto.
I-Ivory Epidendrum (Epidendrum eburneum)
Le epiphyte emvelweni itholakala kuphela eCosta Rica, Nicaragua nasePanama. Amahlumela aqondile aqondile afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-20-80. Phezu kobuso bawo kukhona amagobolondo efilimu ashubile avela emaqabunga awile. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla okuncanyana kwe-elliptical kufinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-11 ubude namasentimitha ayi-2-2,5 ububanzi. Kuma-peduncle amafushane amancane aneentyatyambo ezincane kunezimbali ezingama-4-6 amnandi asayizi owanele ngokwanele (ububanzi ngamasentimitha ayi-6). I-Narrow-lanceolate, cishe amathuna we-filmograph kanye nama-petals ayindlovu (ukukhanya okulula). Izindebe ezinkulu ezanele ngokwanele, ezinesimo senhliziyo, zifinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-4 ububanzi. Ipendwe imhlophe, kanti eduze ne-pharynx kuyindawo ephuzi.
I-Crescent Epidendrum (Epidendrum falcatum)
Le lithophyte iyinkinga eMexico. Lokhu kubukwa kuxubile. Ama-pseudobulbs ama-Univalent, athambile endaweni ephakeme angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-4-8. Amapheshana okudonsa wobukhulu be-linear-lanceolate shape ubude angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30. Izimbali ezingayodwa kububanzi zifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-8. Amathuna amhlophe-aluhlaza kanye nama-petals anomumo omncane. Isindebe esimhlophe seqhwa esinemilando emithathu siqukethe izingxenye ezibanzi ezingemuva le-Rhomboid, ezigobile kancane emaphethelweni angaphandle, futhi nengxenye emincane yefomu ebunjiwe njengebhande. Emgudleni weshubhu yindawo encane ephuzi.
