Ukubukeka kokuqala kwezinambuzane engadini kubonwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nangengxenye yokuqala yehlobo. Kuyini ingozi yama-aphid kuma-plums, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nalezi zinambuzane ngaphandle kokufaka engozini isivuno esizayo?
Ama-aphid wePlum pollinated nezinye izinhlobo
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-aphid, ezithi ngokwezinga elithile noma kwenye zilimaze ingadi nokutshala engadini. Ngama-plums, ama-cherries, ama-plums e-cherry, ama-cherries, ama-apricots, ama-petshisi kanye nezinye izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe, esinye sezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu yi-aphid nepovini.
Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza grey zihlala emaqabungeni anamaqabunga nezimbali, amahlumela amasha nasemhlane wamaqabunga asevulekile. Ngokutheleleka ngobuningi, lezi zingxenye zesitshalo zifihlwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezingqimba zezinambuzane nezikali ezihlophe ezimhlophe. Ukudla izijusi zemifino ebucayi kakhulu, ama-aphid abangela:
- buthaka amahlumela, abe inyamazane efiselekayo nezinye izinambuzane futhi inamandla kunabanye abahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okungenamsoco, ukugunda okubandayo;
- ukuguqulwa kwamaqabunga amancane, kuthatha indlela yezipuni noma isikebhe;
- ukulimala okukhulu kwesitshalo sezithelo nge-sooty fungus nama-pathogen;
- ukuwa ekuqaleni kwamaqabunga kanye nokulungiswa kabi kwezihlahla zobusika;
- ukwehla kwesivuno kule nkathi elandelayo yonyaka.
Ngenkathi isikhathi esifudumele sihlala, ama-aphid we-plum aphid anganikeza izizukulwane eziyishumi. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaqanda ezinambuzane alindela ubusika hhayi kuphela ekuqhekekeni kwegxolo, kodwa futhi notshanini obude, bakhetha okusanhlamvu nomhlanga.
Ama-aphid aluhlaza okotshani ayabonakala lapho inani lezinambuzane libucayi. Kepha ukuthola izinhlobo ezimnyama, ezingama-cherry ezingadeleli ezinye izinhlobo zezilimo zezithelo zamatshe, kulula kakhulu. Lesi sinambuzane, esinika izizukulwane eziyi-14, naso siyingozi. Ukuzinqoba kuholela ekusongelweni okuphelele kweziqongqwana zamahlumela amasha, ukunqunyelwa kokukhula kwazo nokukhula kwamahlamvu.
Ama-aphid azo zonke izinhlobo ayingozi ngoba angasakazeka ngokushesha. Abantu abanamaphiko bafuduka bodwa, futhi izilwane ezingenamaphiko zidluliselwa kusuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye izitshalo ngezintuthwane, amadlelo asemadlelweni azizingela azingela imfihlo emnandi yezinambuzane.
Ukunqoba ingadi ngale inkathazi ebukeka imnene kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwezihlahla nasekulahlekelweni kwesilimo. Ungabhekana kanjani nama-aphid kusinki? Yiziphi futhi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukukhulisa umphumela?
Imiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi ezinzile kakhulu itholakala kuphela ngendlela ehlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wokuvikela ingadi, ukubheka izindlela zokulima nokusebenza njalo kwezindawo hhayi kuphela amaplamu, kepha futhi eduze kwezilimo ezikhulayo.
Ama-aphid amakhemikhali kuma-plums
Ama-aphid wejusi abhujiswa kalula ngama-insecticides anamuhla. Isigaba sezimali eziklanyelwe ukulwa ne-aphid sibizwa ngokuthi ama-aphid futhi sifaka nezidakamizwa:
- ukulimaza izinambuzane ngokuthinta nendawo ephathisiwe;
- ukungena ngaphakathi nge-cell sap;
- ukusebenza ngokuhlelekile nokunikeza umphumela ongapheli.
Izindlela zokwenziwa ezitholakala ngentengiso ziyatholakala, zingasetshenziswa ukushabalalisa ezinye izitha zama-plums futhi ziqede ngokuphelele emanzini, okwenza lula futhi kunciphise izindleko zokucutshungulwa.
Akumangazi ukuthi lapho ephendula lo mbuzo: "Wenzani kuma-aphid echibini?", Abalimi abaningi abanolwazi ngaphandle kwesithunzi sokungabaza bakhuluma ngesidingo sokufafaza ngokuphuthumayo. Akufanele ngempela ukubambezeleka.
Ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, ama-aphid ngezinsuku ezimbalwa azothatha ingxenye encane yomqhele. Kepha ukunganakwa kwemithetho yokuphepha nokungagcini isikhathi sokulungisa akuyona ingozi kuphela ezitshalweni, kodwa futhi kulimaza impilo yabantu.
Insecticides yamakhemikhali ukuphela kwekhambi elilungile lomonakalo omkhulu wezitshalo, kanye nasentwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho izinambuzane zingakabi yizinhlobo. Ukukhethwa kwesidakamizwa esithile kuncike ebangeni lomonakalo engadini, ukuba khona kwezinye izinambuzane emagatsheni, isikhathi lapho ama-aphid aqaphela kanye nokuthandwa ngumgcini wegadi. Ngaphambi kokulwa nama-aphid kusinki, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-insecticides kusongela:
- ukushiswa kwengxenye eluhlaza yezitshalo;
- ukuwa kwezimbali kanye nama-ovary;
- ukunqwabelana kwamakhemikhali ezitsheni;
- ukulimala kwesikhumba, i-rhenium kanye nohlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu.
Ngakho-ke, akunandaba ukuthi iyiphi indlela yama-aphid kusinki ayisebenzisayo, kufanele unamathele ngokuqinile emiyalweni, ungakhohlwa ukuphepha komuntu siqu.
Izici zokucubungula plums kusuka ku-aphid eluhlaza
Ukulwa ne-aphid kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Uma kungekho zinambuzane ezihlahleni, noma uma kutholakala abantu abathile, ukufafaza ngamakhemikhali akukufanele. Ama-aphid, ikakhulukazi kwizithombo ezincane, abhujiswa kalula ngemithi yezandla noma yabantu esebenzisa amakhambi, insipho noma umlotha.
Umgcini wegadi owazi ukucubungula ama-aphid kusinki udinga ukucabanga ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlela ukwelashwa okunje:
- Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Akunakwenzeka ukubona izinambuzane ngalesi sikhathi. Kepha uma bemboza amahlumela ngesizini edlule, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona amaqanda e-aphid eduze namahlumela nangaphansi komqhele.
- Izihlahla zezithelo kabusha zenziwa lapho kusenziwa izigaxa eziluhlaza. Okwamanje, amathuba wokubhujiswa kwezibungu esezivele zigqogqiwe, akha ngokushesha amakhulukhulu ezigidi eziningi, asephezulu.
- Uma ngabe entwasahlobo izinyathelo zokulwa ne-plum aphid azange zithathwe noma azange zinikeze umphumela oyifunayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ufafaze ingadi yezimbali lapho izimbali zivuleka kuphela futhi zicishe zawa ngokuphelele.
Ukuze zingabeki impilo yazo engcupheni, izidakamizwa zokwenziwa zisetshenziswa kungaphansi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Lapho izithelo sezithululiwe, futhi izinga lokunqotshwa lilincane, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezivikelekile zokulwa nenkathazo.
Ekwindla, ngemuva kokususa izithelo, benza ukwelashwa kokugcina konyaka ngosizo lwezinambuzane ezenziwe ngomumo noma isixazululo se-5% se-urea, esingasebenzi kuphela ngokumelene ne-aphid emnyama nokuluhlaza esihlahleni seplamu, kodwa futhi sivikela nezihlahla ekubandeni.
Udinga ukufafaza izihlahla ngesimo sezulu esomile nesizolile, mhlawumbe ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho ingozi yokushiswa yilanga emacembe amanzi incane. Ukugxila ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokunisela kunikezwa amahlumela amasha nangemuva lamaqabunga, kanye neziqu zezihlahla.
Ungasusa kanjani aphid kusinki enamakhambi abantu
Ngaphambi kokukhiqizwa kwama-ovary, akukho makhambi noma izidakamizwa ezinambuzane ezingalimazi. Futhi ukuthi uphatha kanjani iplamu kusuka ku-aphid ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali? Enye indlela enhle kakhulu efakazelwe amakhambi esintu asuselwa ku-herbal infusions, insipho-umlotha nezinye izixazululo.
Ukuze ulungiselele uketshezi lwensipho oyodinga:
- Amagremu angama-400 womlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe:
- Amagremu angama-50 wesepha eluketshezi noma elondolo;
- 10 amalitha amanzi.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, isixazululo esisebenzayo sokulimaza izinambuzane ngokulinganayo sihlunga ngokucophelela. Akukho okuhle okungaletha ukuvuthwa kukagwayi okuhlanganiswe namanzi anosawoti. Esikhundleni somlotha, ungathatha u-10 ml we-birch tar. Lokhu okunamakha okunamafutha kuxosha izinambuzane, futhi futhi kunomphumela ophikisayo we-antibacterial. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokutshala okushunqisayo ngentuthu kagwayi.
Izitshalo eziningi ziqukethe izinto ezinomphumela ofanayo kuma-insecticides wezimboni kwizilokazane zasengadini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziphephile kubantu nemvelo. Ungasusa kanjani aphid ngezitshalo?
Ukulungiselela amakhambi anjalo abantu amalitha ayi-10 amanzi lapho ukhetha umlimi, uzodinga:
- Amagremu angama-200 ama-clove egalikhi;
- 300 amagremu anyanisi;
- 1 kg yezinto zezitshalo ezisuselwa ekhemisi chamomile noma i-caustic buttercup;
- I-4 kg yamatamatisi amasha noma esiqwini samazambane;
- Amagremu ayi-100 apelepele ashisayo;
- 1 kg wotshani be-yarrow, tansy noma umhlonyane.
Cishe amalitha ayi-10 ukumiliselwa esetshenziswa esihlahleni sezithelo zabantu abadala. Amahlumela athinteke kakhulu akumele afafazwe kuphela, kepha acwiliswa ngangokunokwenzeka ku-ketshezi ukuze angene lapho kuhlangana khona ukwakheka kwepulid aphid.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ngokumelene ne-plum aphid
Njengoba inkathazo ihamba kalula futhi iphindaphindeka ngokushesha, ngaphambi kokwelapha ama-aphid echibini ngamakhambi abantu noma ngama-insecticides, kufanele unake lokhu:
- silwe nezintuthwane;
- Ukuthenwa okulungile nokujwayelekile komqhele;
- ukugcina isiqu esihle sesihlahla;
- imijikelezo yokumba nokubumbayo;
- ukuqothula ukhula kanye namahlumela we-basal.
Kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwenza indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane kule ndawo ingakhululeki.
Amapulamu we-plum apholini ayingozi hhayi kuphela ezitsheni zamatshe, kodwa nasemhlangeni, ezinkomeni zasendle nakwezinye izitshalo. Ehehwa ngokukhethekile yilesi sinambuzane ubhontshisi nobhontshisi, amahlumela amasha kabhontshisi ne-nasturtium, isilwane esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi amancane kanye nokutshala ama-linden amakhulu. Lezi zitshalo zitshalwa kude kude neziningi nezinye izithelo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, bese befafazwa ngezitshalo zezithelo zamatshe.
Phakathi kwabakhileyo engadini kukhona izinto ezidonsayo eluhlaza ezixosha ama-aphid. Ngezinga elikhulu, lezi yizitshalo zikawoyela ezibalulekile, ezifaka iminti kanye ne-basil, i-lavender ne-lime balm, i-cilantro nama-marigolds angathembeki. Izitshalo zasengadini yesambulela, ngokwesibonelo, izaqathe, ifennel, i-dill kanye namanye amakhambi anambitha izinongo, ahehe izinambuzane eziyizidlakudla, okuyi-aphid eluhlaza epulini okukudla okwamukelekayo.
Ukuhlaselwa kwama-aphid kusabisa abalimi bokuqala ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, lapho kubhekwa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, inhlanzeko igcinwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngesikhathi, izinambuzane, inani okulula ukulilawula, ziyeka ukuba yingozi enkulu.
