Abalimi nabalimi bayazi: ukutshala ekwindla kusindisa amahora ayigugu entwasahlobo lapho kunomsebenzi omningi kangangokuba awazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyiqale. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izitshalo, kufaka phakathi ezihlobiso, nazo ezifana nobuchwepheshe obunjalo bezolimo - ukuhlola ebusika obubandayo kubenza baqine, kusebenze izinsiza zangaphakathi. Umphumela uba ophanayo, futhi ezimweni eziningi ngaphambili kunokwejwayelekile, izimbali. Ekwindla, ungatshala cishe noma yiziphi izimbali ezingapheli. Yikuphi okumele ukhethe - wonke umuntu uzinqumela yena, kepha kukhona ezinye izintandokazi ezitholakala kuyo yonke ingadi yesibili.
Kuyini ukufika kwe-ekwindla kwama-perennials?
Amanye ama-perennials angatshalwa ngisho nasemhlabathini owakhiwe yiqhwa, angaba yimisebe yelanga oyikhethayo ngokuphelele
Isidingo sokutshala izilimo eziningi ukukhula kwezithelo (ukuqina) kwembewu. Ngokutshala kwekwindla, le nqubo yenzeka ngendlela yemvelo. Amahlumela aqhakaza kulezi zinhlamvu abekezelela ukuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu. Abancane, njengomthetho, abesabi ukubuya kubanda kwentwasahlobo ngisho nesithwathwa, okungaba yingozi kuzithombo ezikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ukushisa.
Izimbali ezitshalwe ekwindla zinenye izinzuzo:
- baqala ukuqhakaza cishe isigamu senyanga ngaphambili kwalabo abahlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, futhi balondoloze ukuhlobisa kuyo yonke inkathi;
- ukungatheleleki kwabo kunamandla, bamelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane;
- ngokuzayo abadingi ukufakelwa okuvamisile, njengama-perennials akhule ngendlela yendabuko (anele kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3);
- nikeza izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezitholakala ngokuhlukanisa isitshalo ezingxenyeni eziningana;
- bathembekile ekushiya.
Ukwelusa omncane kungabhekwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwembewu ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla kukhuphuke kancane kunokuba kusentwasahlobo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngenxa yokuhlakazeka, imbewu engasebenzi iyafa. Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ukuxazulula inkinga ngokunjulisa imbewu ekujuleni kwenhlabathi - lokhu akubavikeli eqandeni, kepha entwasahlobo kuzokwenza kube nzima ukuthi amahlumela athuthele elangeni.
Yiziphi izimbali zaphakade ezingatshalwa ekwindla: izinketho ezi-7 ezinhle kakhulu
Abalimi kudala bejwayela ukuthi amahlamvu okuhlobisa nezihlahlana atshalwe ekwindla. Iqiniso lokuthi ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule ama-perennials ngaphandle kokugcobhoza kwama-windows sill entwasahlobo eneziqukathi ezinezithombo kungukutholwa okuhle kwabaningi. Into emqoka ukuthi ungalona iphutha lesikhathi sokutshala ezweni: maphakathi neRussia kuvame ukuba maphakathi no-Novemba, ezifundeni eziseningizimu - ukuphela kwenyanga, enyakatho - ukuqala kwayo. Ngokuya ngezinhla zesimo sezulu, izinguquko zesheduli zingenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungazi nje ukuthi iziphi izimbali ezitshalwe ekwindla kuphela, kepha futhi futhi unake nezimpawu zokutshala nokutshala kwazo, futhi futhi ubheke nesikhathi okuyodingeka usisebenzise ekuzinakekeleni.
I-aster yangaphakathi
Ama-Asters awafani kuphela ngokuya ngezimbali nokuphakama, kodwa futhi nokwakheka kwezimbali - zingopinki, peony, chrysanthemum
Lesi siko sokulima ngokuhlobisa sisezingeni lokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zazo, kepha izinhlobo zezimbali zokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, i-alterine aster (izimbali ezifika sekwephuzile zivame ukutshalwa entwasahlobo) zikulungele kakhulu ukuhlwelwa ekwindla.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoNovemba. Imfuneko yokutshala inhlabathi efriziwe. Kwesinye isikhathi i-aster yaphakade ihlwanyelwa ngisho ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, khona kanye eqhweni. Ukuze amahlumela entwasahlobo abonakale enobungane, akunakwenzeka ukujula imbewu nge-0.5 cm emhlabathini.
Ekukhuleni okuphumelelayo, ukuhambisana nezimo eziningi kuyadingeka: umswakama akufanele ume ujiye esizeni, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukubola, futhi indawo kufanele ibe yilanga ngokwanele - ama-asters azofa emthunzini.
Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla ziqala ngoMeyi-Juni (amasonto angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo). Uma imbewu yezitshalo ezigeleza sekwephuzile isetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela, izimbali zizokwenzeka ngoSepthemba-Novemba.
Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kuqukethe ukuncipha: uma amahlumela esekhule kakhulu, ezinye zazo kuzodingeka zisuswe - ama-asters azoqhakaza ngokufanele futhi ngokukhanyayo uma ibanga eliphakathi kwawo lingama-20-30 cm. Futhi, ukutshala kungadinga ukuthambisa lapho umswakama owenziwe ngemuva kokuqedwa kweqhwa usuqediwe . Uma indawo yokugcwala obukhulu iba phezu kwenhlabathi, kufanele ikhululwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izimbali zizodinga ukhula ojwayelekile, futhi kanye ngonyaka zidinga ukugqokwa okuphezulu ngomanyolo onamaminerali.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile, ochwepheshe baphinde batusa ukuhlela ukwenziwa kabusha kwama-aster zisetshenziswa kusetshenziswa izithombo - ngaphambi kobusika, batshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo. Izimbali zinesikhathi sokumpande kahle, inqobo nje uma umhlabathi ulungiselelwe zona emavikini angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala, nendawo ekhethiwe ilanga.
Delphinium
Ukutshala i-delphinium kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kushibhile kakhulu futhi kulula kunokuthenga izinto zokutshala ezenziwe ngomumo.
Ukutshala ubusika kuyikhambi elinamandla kulabo abangathanda ukuthi lezi zimbali ziqhakaze ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Kwi-delphinium, lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi, kusukela lapho lesi sitshalo sinethuba lokujabulisa umlimi ngokuqhakaza okuphindaphindeka ekwindla (inqobo nje uma ukusika kwe "wave wave" kuqala).
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesimo sezulu sekwindla, imbewu ye-delphinium ihlwanyelwa endaweni evulekile ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Bafafazwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana sengxube ye-peat nesihlabathi futhi simbozwe ngamagatsha wefir ebusika, noma kunjalo, isilinganiso sokusinda kwesithombo sisazokwehla kancane kunangemva kokutshala kwentwasahlobo. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe batusa ukukhulisa inani lembewu edliwe ngu-20-30% ekwindla. Amahlumela azoba namandla futhi abe nobungane, inqobo nje uma kukhethwe indawo enelanga, futhi inhlabathi ilungiswe kahle - yakhiwa futhi yahlanganiswa.
NgoSepthemba, ama-delphiniums asatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa ama-rhizomes. Ezitshalweni ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala, sinqunywa ezingxenyeni ezingama-7-10. Isidingo wukuba khona kwengxenye ngayinye yezinso noma okungenani ihlumela elilodwa. Isitshalo sibekezelela ubusika kahle futhi siqhakaza kakhulu ngoJuni.
Ekunakekelweni, ama-delphiniums awathobeki, kepha ukunisela, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eyomile, kubalulekile kuwo.
I-Grassy peony
Ukuze ugcine izihlahla ziqhakaza isikhathi eside, udinga ukususa amahlumela eziqhakaza ngommese
Lesi sitshalo sandiswa ngamasheya, futhi, njengomthetho, ekwindla. Entwasahlobo, i-peony ayikayilungeli le nqubo - uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luphelile, ngoba wonke amandla esitshalo achithwa ekwakheni inqwaba eluhlaza futhi akha ama-buds. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokukhwabanisa, i-peony ngeke isithole isikhathi sokuqhakaza ngenkathi esanda kuqala.
Uma ukusakazeka kwama-codulets kwenzeka ekwindla (kumgwaqo ophakathi nendawo - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba), ama-inflorescence okuqala azovela ngoMeyi. NgoSepthemba ukwakheka kwezihlahla ezintsha ze-peony kuhle ngoba ukushisa kuyaphela, amazinga okushisa ebusuku ahluke kakhulu kunesikhathi sasemini (isitshalo sihamba ngokuqina), lina kakhulu, okunomphumela omuhle esimweni senhlabathi.
Ezifundeni ezihlukile, isikhathi sale misebenzi sihluke kancane:
- eSiberia, isikhathi esisuka ku-Agasti 20 kuya kuSepthemba 20 sithathwa njengento ephezulu kakhulu;
- kuma-Urals - kusukela ngo-Agasti 20 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba;
- esifundeni saseVolga naseMoscow - kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba.
Isimo esiyinhloko ukuthi izinsuku ezingama-35-45 kufanele zihlale ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuba i-peony ikhule izimpande ezengeziwe futhi iqinise ngokuqinile emhlabathini. Ukwehlisa isikhathi esibekiwe kugqame kakhulu ukuthi isitshalo esinezimpande ezingekho kahle sizophuma ebusika singenawo amandla omzimba futhi ngeke sikwazi ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo.
Ukunakekela isitshalo esisanda kutshalwa kufaka ukunisela kuze kufike kumalitha ayi-10 ngesihlahla ngasinye. Esikhathini esizayo, izimvula zisiza ukuxazulula inkinga, kepha uma ekwindla sekomile, isitshalo singadinga ukunisela okungu-2-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika. Ukugqoka okuphezulu akudingeki kuphela lapho kwenziwa umanyolo enhlabathini lapho kusalungiswa khona ukutshala. Kunoma ikuphi, i-nitrogen ifakelwe i-peony ngalesi sikhathi - lo manyolo wenza kusebenze ukukhula kwamahlumela aluhlaza, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ngaphambi kobusika.
Labo abahlela ukusabalalisa le mbali ngosizo lwembewu evuthwa emabhokisini esikhundleni sebhali langaphambili kunconyelwa ukuba bayeke lo msebenzi. Izici zokuhlukahluka kwe-peony zivame ukungagcinwa, futhi kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ukulinda ukuqhakaza.
I-Primrose
Amabhasi kufanele atshalwe ngendlela yokuthi ekugcineni kokutshala kokutshala avala: i-primrose isho okungafanele ibhekisele endaweni esetshenzisiwe eyeqile
Abalimi bayayithanda i-primrose ngoba iphakathi kokuqala kokuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali ngemibala egqamile. Ukuqhakaza kwaqala ngoMeyi, ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla (emgqeni ophakathi nendawo - ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba). Imbewu ijule kancane - ngu-0.5 cm, okutshalwe embozwe ukuvikela kusuka eziqandeni ezinzima ebusika.
Izimo ongabheka ngaphansi kwazo ukukhula okuphumelelayo kwezitshalo ezizayo yindawo ekhethwe kahle yokutshala (i-primrose ithanda umthunzi osendaweni), ukuzala kanye nomswakama owenele wenhlabathi.
Uma ukutshala izimbali kuhlelwa umhlobiso wensimu yamatshe, kufanele ugweme uhlangothi oluseningizimu.
Uma ukutshala nokufakelwa akudingeki, khona-ke ekwindla lokhu kusebenza kufanele kuphathwe ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma u-Okthoba ukuze iprrrose ibe nesikhathi esanele sokusuka ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngaphandle kwalokho ubusika buzoba yingozi kulo. Kulokhu, kulula kakhulu kubahlali basezifundeni eziseningizimu, banokuhlala isikhathi esengeziwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezihlahla nakho kwenziwa ekwindla, ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwesigaba sokuqhakaza. Kunconywa ukumboza izitshalo ezincane ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu.
I-Phlox
Lapho uthenga izinto zokutshala, udinga ukunaka ukuba khona kwamahlumela anemibala efanelekile ka-5, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-6 cm
Ama-pehlox asatshalaliswa ukusikwa, ngoba anezimpande ezinhle, futhi lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla: Amahlathi entwasahlobo ahlehlisa ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke, futhi "ekwindla" kuqhakaza izimbali ehlobo elizayo.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, i-phlox yaseRussia yayibizwa ngokuthi "obizayo."
Ngokunembile, izinsuku zokutshala zinqunywa ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali: ekuqaleni kwamaphakathi no-ekuqaleni kwakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amahlamvu wokuvuselela" ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitshalo sesingavele sikhiqizwe. Ezimalini zamuva ze-phlox, lesi sikhathi sinwetshwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba. Kunoma ikuphi, ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokufakelwa kwezihlahla kufanele kuqedwe maphakathi no-Okthoba ukuze izitshalo ezincane zingabi nesithwathwa. Ukuzisika kwe-midzi ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-30- 40.
I-Phlox etshalwe ekwindla idinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, ngisho nokunisela kaningi akudingeki, ngoba izimvula zasekwindla zinikeza isitshalo umswakama. Kepha ukugqoka okungaphezulu kuzofika okusebenzayo - umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi uxutshwe nomlotha bese usakazeka phezu komhlabathi owakhiwe yiqhwa. Entwasahlobo, ukutshala kuniselwa ngamanzi kuxutshwe nomanyolo wamaminerali kuwo, ngenxa yalokhu, izimbali ziya ngokucebile, futhi isikhathi sazo zinde.
Izitshalo ezitshalwe ekwindla zivikelwe kwisithwathwa nge-mulching - nge-sawdust kanye ne-peat. Entwasahlobo, lapho nje iqhwa liphela, lo mulch ususwe ngokushesha.
I-Astilba
I-Astilbe ibukeka ihlaba umxhwele ngokuqinile ngemuva kwesizinda se-ferns kanye nasethunzini lama-conifers, kepha ukutshala okukodwa kuyenzeka.
Lesi sitshalo esihle, esiqhakaza ukusuka kuJuni kuya ku-Agasti, sitshaleka kangcono ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Kunconywa ukwenza umsebenzi ekwindla, lapho kungakapheli amasonto angama-2-3 izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke lingawa ngaphansi +5mayelanaC. Enkabeni yeRussia, ukuqala kukaSepthemba kubhekwa njengesikhathi esifanele sokutshala i-astilbe.
Izimbali ziqala ehlobo elilandelayo (engxenyeni yayo yesibili), kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukungakuvumeli lokhu, ukusika izithungo zezimbali ezakha. Izinyathelo "zokuhlinzwa" ezingathandeki kufanele zithathwe ngoba isitshalo esinamandla ngokungenasici kwesinye isikhathi siyafa, sinikeze wonke amandla aso kwizimbali.
Okunye okufakiwe kwalesisiko ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande ngesimo sesiqhingi esikhuphuka ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Lokhu kwenza buthakathaka isitshalo, ngakho-ke ama-astilbe njalo emva kweminyaka engama-4-5 adinga ukufakelwa. Ibanjwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kanti isihlahla esikhulu sihlukaniswe saba yincane. Uma umsebenzi uhlehliswa kuze kube usuku lwakamuva, inhlabathi ezungeze okutshalekile okusha kufanele ifakwe i-sawdust, utshani noma amagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi)
Ukunakekela i-astilbe kuvame ukwehla ukuchelela: ngokushesha lapho kuthola amanzi amancane, ama-inflorescences aba mancane, amaqabunga abuna.
I-Astilba ibekezelela kahle ubusika obubandayo baseRussia (kufika ku-37 ° C), empeleni akuguli, futhi izinambuzane zasengadini azinankinga nakho ikakhulukazi.
Iphuzu leVerbeynik
Isikhathi sokuphila ngokunakekelwa okufanele singaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10
Lesi sitshalo, eminyakeni yamuva, sithola ukuthandwa phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, sivame ukusakazwa ngembewu noma ngokuhlakulela imbala. Zombili zivame ukwenziwa ekwindla, kepha ukukhetha kusanikezwa indlela yesibili, yingakho: isitshalo esikhulwe kusuka imbewu kuphela siqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu. Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kokutshala ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla, izimbali ziyavela ekuqaleni kukaJuni olandelayo bese ziqhubeka nokujabulisa ngemibala ekhanyayo kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti.
I-China ibhekwa njengekhaya lezimbali ezi-loosestrife, lapho ungathola khona izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zale mbali.
Umsebenzi wokutshala wenziwa ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ukwenza isitshalo silungiselelwe kangcono ubusika, akufanele kube namaqabunga amasha kuso ngesikhathi sokutshala. Uma isihlahla sonke sidluliselwe endaweni entsha, ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa sibambalwa, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umgodi olungiselelwe ujule kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lesi yisimo esidingekayo ukuze izimbali zingephuthi, kodwa kuqala unyaka olandelayo.
Ezinye izimo lapho i-loosestrife izogcina ukusebenza kwayo kokuhlobisa isikhathi eside ingumhlabathi ovundile futhi kunomswakama omningi womhlaba. Kepha akesabi amakhaza asebusika, futhi akadingi ukumboza izimbali.
Njengoba esekwazi ukutshala okwindla kwentwasahlobo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, umlimi uqinisekisa ukuthi entwasahlobo akachithi isikhathi sokukhulisa izithombo, kodwa ekuqaleni kwesizini unemibhede yezimbali enezitshalo eziqinile eziqedwe ubusika obubandayo. Azidingi ukujwayela emhlabathini ovulekile, zinamandla anele okuqala ukuqhakaza ngaphambili kwalokho okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo.
