Ukukhula okufanele kwembali ye-calceolaria

Indoor calceolaria isihlahla esincane esikhula enkabeni naseNingizimu Melika. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatini, elithi "calceolaria" lisho "ukunyakaza", futhi laba negama ngenxa yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sembali. Ihlukaniswe yaba ngama-perennials, biennials kanye ngonyaka, kuphela okugcina kuvame kakhulu ukukhula ekhaya.

ICalceolaria Indoor Flower Characteristic

Endle, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-400 ezingokwaluphi uhlobo lweCalceolaria (iCalceolaria) yomndeni wakwaScrophulariaceae (Narichnikova). Le mbali yayiyintandokazi phakathi kwenkathi yeVictoria yaseBrithani, lapho kuze kube namuhla ingumndeni ohlukile weCalceolaria.

Izinhlobo zokukhula: utshani, isihlahlana nesihlahlana. Amacembe alembali, avela kuhlangothi olungafanele, anomumo wenhliziyo noma iqanda, afinyelela kubude obuyi-5 kuya ku-10 cm. Ezitshalweni ezinamakhambi, aqoqwa yi-rosette, futhi maqondana nezihlahlana.

Izimbali zine-calyx emine. I-corolla ye-calceolaria inezindebe ezimbili, kanti izindebe eziphansi zaziwa ngokuvuvukala, ukugqama nosayizi omkhulu, kanti izindebe eziphansi azibonakali kalula. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kungabala izimbali ezingama-50.

Izici zezimbali

Njengoba lesi sitshalo endaweni yemvelo sikhula emithambekeni yezintaba ezimweni ezibandayo, isici saso umuzwa wokuzwela kwaso emazingeni okushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lekamelo liphakeme, lilahla izimbali ngokushesha futhi liguga.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Hybrid (iCalceolaria herbeohybrida Voss) - Leli gama lihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ezivame ukukhula kakhulu ezindlini. Amaqabunga eCalceolaria anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo, oxhunywe endaweni yokuphuma odongeni. Izimbali zingaba nombala omhlophe noma ohlanganisiwe ngokuhlanganiswa kombala ohlukile.
• IsiMexico (iCalceolaria mexicana) - Ingakhula ibe ngu-0-0-0,5 m ukuphakama. Inezimbali ezincane ezinemibala yelamula ezinobukhulu obuyi-5 mm. Lesi sitshalo sakha imbewu eningi, sizizwa kahle ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokunisela okuningi.
• I-Wrinkled (iCalceolaria rugosa) - Isitshalo sangemuva, isici saso esiyisiqu esihlotshiswe kakhulu esinobukhulu obukhulu obuphakathi (15-20 mm ubukhulu) wezimbali eziphuzi nokuhlangana kokuhlanganiswa. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuze kufike frost yokuqala.
• I-Multiflora (iCalceolaria multiflora) - Itshalwa njengeplanethi yasendlini, ibonakala ngokuqhakaza okugcwele ngezimbali ezinkulu ezinamabala, ahlukaniswa ngokukhanya nombala ohlukile.
• I-Purple (iCalceolaria aimurea) - Isitshalo sangemuva esifinyelela ku-0.5 m ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga angama-ovoid, akhonjwe kancane ekugcineni futhi enamamaki emaphethelweni. Izimbali ezincane zesitshalo zinombala obomvu onsomi, ophuzi, onomlomo ophansi ophakeme onama-grooves ashiwo.

Isitshalo singatshalwa ekhaya.

Ukufakelwa

Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule, sinikeze ukuqhakaza okuningana futhi singagugi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kubalulekile ukudala izimo zaso ezisondele kokukhona esimweni semvelo.

Ukukhetha, ukulungiselela kanye nokutshala imbewu

Isitshalo sisakazeka ngembewu. Ukufezekisa ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo, imbewu itshalwa ngoMashi, futhi entwasahlobo - ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi. I-algorithm yokutshala imbewu imi kanje:

1. Lungisa umhlabathi. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi imbali ikhula emhlabathini onamaqabunga noma inhlabathi enosawoti enesihlabathi esincane. Ingxube yezitshalo ingalungiswa ngokuzimela ngalendlela elandelayo:

• Heat peat kuya kuzinga lokushisa, ulixube ne-chalk (20 g yetshisi nge-1 kg ye-peat). Bese ufaka isihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-150 g yesihlabathi nge-1 kg y Peat. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebusweni be-substrate etholakele.

2. Dala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amboze isitsha ngembewu etshalwe ngenhlanganisela enama-airtight esobala enjenge-polyethylene noma ingilazi, ifakwa egumbini elinokukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile. Bheka ukuthi izinga lokushisa komoya alikhuphuki ngaphezu kukaC.
3. Lawula umswakama. I-Peat kufanele inyiswe kancane. Uma ukuvela kube ngaphezulu kwefilimu, kufanele kususwe kuguqulwe ukuze kuvikeleke umswakama ungangeni amahlumela.

Izimbiza ezine-calceolaria efulethini zibekwa kahle emafasiteleni abheke empumalanga nasenyakatho.

4. Ngemuva kwenyanga, izithombo kufanele zidonswe okokuqala, bese kulandela ezinye izinyanga ezi-2 - okwesibili. Ngemuva kwalokho faka isitshalo emabhodweni amancane (7 cm ukuphakama).
5. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, izimbali zincipha. Amaqabunga ambalwa amaqabunga ahlala esiqwini ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela asebusweni futhi abuye atshalwe ebhodweni elikhudlwana (9-11 cm ukuphakama).
6. Ekuqaleni konyaka olandelayo (Januwari -Febhuwari), zithathelwa indawo ezimbizeni ezinkulu ngokufakwa kumanyolo wezimbiwa. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, isihlahla sakhiwa ngokunamathisela amaqabunga noma amahlumela akamuva.

Isitshalo siqhakaza izinyanga ezingama-8-10 ngemuva kokutshala.

Ukunakekelwa ngemuva kokutshala: ukukhanyisa, ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu

ICalceolaria ayikubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Uma ukukhanya kuhlale kuwela ewindini lapho ibhodwe limi khona, kungcono ukulixhoma ngendwangu ecwebezelayo. Izimo ezifanele zokukhula:

• izinga lokushisa lomoya hhayi eliphakeme kune-C;
• umswakama efulethini awungaphansi kuka-45%;
• ukukhanya ukukhanya;
• ukuthambisa ejwayelekile: izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto (esimweni sezulu esishisayo - nsuku zonke).

Ukuze i-calceolaria ingafi emoyeni owomile wefulethi, kubalulekile ukugcina imbiza yezimbali ebhodweni elinosayizi omkhulu kangangokuba ungqimba lw Peat olunomswakama luhambisana phakathi kwezindonga zalo nembiza. Kuyadingeka ukubeka amatshe ku-pallet futhi uqaphe njalo umswakama wayo.

Ngokweqile komswakama, kanye nokuntuleka kwawo, lesi sitshalo siyafa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa. Ebusika, ngokuntuleka kokushisa kwelanga, kunconywa ukuvula isibani se-fluorescent eduzane ne-calceolaria.

Kungcono ukuthi ufake umanyolo ngomanyolo wamaminerali njalo emavikini ama-2 kusukela esikhathini sokufakelwa ebhodweni kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kunconywa ukunamathela izinti ezi-4 ebhodweni ebangeni elilinganayo kusuka komunye nomunye ukugcina umqhele wesitshalo.

Imithetho yokuzala kanye nokufakelwa

Ngaphezu kokutshala imbewu, ukusakazwa kwe-calceolaria kungenzeka ngokusikwa. Basikwa noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Noma ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - Mashi. Ukususa izimpande, kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxube yezakhi. Isikhathi kusuka kokusika izingcezu kuya ekubukeni kwezimpande kuyizinsuku ezingama-21-28.

Isihlahla sizovunguza kakhulu uma ukusikwa okuningana okutshalwe ebhodweni ngasikhathi sinye.

PNgemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-calceolaria inganqunywa bese ubeka endaweni emnyama izinsuku ezingama-45-60, usuthisa umhlabathi njalo. Bese ulethe ekukhanyiseni ukuze uqale ukuqhakaza. Isihlahla esikhulwe ngale ndlela sizoba ngaphezulu kunokuba sikhula imbewu futhi siba sihle.

Ukudlulisa imbali akunconyiwe, ngoba kulahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwayo nokuheha.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ngokuphula umbuso wokunisela kanye nokushisa komoya okuphakeme, isitshalo sithinteka ngokubola okungwevu noma okumhlophe, okulimaza sekwephuzile. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, iZaslon, amalungiselelo e-Barrier ayengezelwa endaweni engaphansi. Kwi-calceolaria ethelelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ususe izindawo ezithintekile bese uzelapha nge-2% insipho ne-sulfate yethusi, isisombululo esingu-0,2% se-fundazole noma i-0,1% Topsin-M fung fung.

Ukuze lesi sitshalo singonakaliswa yi-whitefly, sifafazwa intuthu kagwayi, amalungiselelo aqediwe aqukethe isibabule.

Ukunakekelwa okufanele kuyisihluthulelo sokukhula kwe-calceolaria ekhululekileyo nevumayo ezimweni zamakamelo.