Muva nje, ama-streptocarpuses asedume kakhulu - abameleli bomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae, ukunakekelwa nokutshala kwe-streptocarpuses ngeke kube nzima kunoma ngubani, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zezimanga ziyamangaza.
Emvelweni, lezi zitshalo zitholakala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo nasemithambekeni wezintaba e-Afrika, e-Asia naseMadagascar. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, abamele zasendle bangaba unyaka nonyaka, izitshalo ze-herbaceous kanye nezihlahla.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nesitshalo i-streptocarpus
Isici esibonakalayo sanoma yimuphi ummeleli wohlobo lwezithelo yisithelo esisebhokisini yembewu egobekile. Ngenxa yokwakheka okungajwayelekile kwengane, uhlobo lwayo lwabizwa ngokuthi "yi-streptocarpus", elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini ngokuthi "ibhokisi elisontekile".
Izindlela ezilula ezingezona ezi-hybrid zokunakekelwa kwesitshalo i-streptocarpus kanye nokutshala kwazo kwenziwa ezimweni zasekamelweni kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zobuhle obumangalisayo zavela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.
Ama-nzalo wesimanje we-streptocarpus ayizinto zasendlini ezingaboli. Amaqabunga ayakhuphuka futhi aqoqwe ngerosette eyisisekelo. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuya kumasentimitha angama-30. Izinamba zawo ezihlukile nazo zingenzeka: ezinye izinhlobo zamaqabunga zinokuningi, ezinye zibonakala ngeqabunga elilodwa. Umbala wamaqabunga ungaba luhlaza okotshani noma ogqamile.
Izimbali ze-Streptocarpus zingaba kabili, zibe zimbili futhi zilula. Kuya ngohlobo, yiba nosayizi ohlukile - kusuka kusentimitha 2 kuya ku-9 ubukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bezimbali buba buncane, okukhona kokukhona, futhi okuphambene nalokho, izimbali ezinkulu zivela ngezicucu ezimbalwa.
Iphalethi elinombala wezimbali zalesi sitshalo lihlukahlukene ngokumangazayo: limhlophe, liphuzi, wonke amathunzi wezimbali ezibomvu nezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lavender ngisho ne-velvety-nsomi futhi icishe ibe mnyama. Kukhona nzalo enezitoni ezimbili, ezinamachashazi, amachashazi noma izimbali ezinetha. Kunemibala ethandekayo yemibala engu-3-4. Ama-petals anesimo esihlukile, esiyindilinga noma semiphetho ye-wavy.
Ukunakekelwa nokutshala kwe-Streptocarpus ekhaya kuzojabulisa abanikazi bayo ngokuqhakaza kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, nangokukhanya okwengeziwe, unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ukuqhakaza okuningana kwesitshalo kuqinisekiswa ukuphuma okuvela esonweni seqabunga ngalinye kuze kufinyelele kuma-peduncle ayi-10, lapho izimbali eziningana zingatholakala khona.
Ngobuhle bayo nokuhlobisa kwayo, i-streptocarpus ayiphansi kune-senpolia (violet), futhi ezinye zezinhlobo zayo zize “zizishaye”. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukukhula kwe-streptocarpuses kulula kakhulu. Azona zibukeka kangako, azidonsi amaqabunga ebusika, zingakhula ngokukhanya kwemvelo nangokwenziwayo, kufasitela nangemuva kwegumbi.
Ama-hybrids amancane asayizi omncane afanela abalimi abanesikhala esilinganiselwe sezitshalo - iqoqo lonke lama-streptocarpus amahle amancane alingana kalula efasiteleni elilodwa.
Lezi zimbali zidlangile eMelika, kepha okwamanje, ukuthandwa kwazo nokwenyuka kwethanga lemfashini sekuqala ukwanda.
Ukunakekelwa nokutshala ekhaya kwe-Streptocarpus
Ama-Streptocarpuses ayizitshalo ezithwebula izithombe, akhetha ukukhanya okuthambile okungatheni. Indawo yabo emafasiteleni asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga kufaneleka kangcono. Uma ibekwe kumawindi aseningizimu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe umthunzi olula ehlobo. Emafasiteleni asenyakatho, izitshalo zingahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya hhayi ukuqhakaza. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Streptocarpus futhi kukhula kuma-sills e-windows ngesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukukhanyisa okungeziwe ukuthola izimbali unyaka wonke.
IStreptocarpuses izokhula kahle lapho usebenzisa ama-fitolamp akhethekile wokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngenkani. Ubude bokukhanya kosuku akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamahora ayi-14 ukuqinisekisa izitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Isitshalo esivela ezindaweni ezishisayo, sithanda imfudumalo. Izinga lokushisa elilungile ehlobo lisuka ku-2020 liye ku-25º С, futhi ebusika - lingaphansi kune- + 15º С. Ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme, lesi sitshalo siyocindezelwa futhi-ke, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhambisa ukunakekelwa nokukhula kumawindi aseningizimu ama-streptocarpuses ehlobo kuya ngaphezulu indawo epholile noma ihlinzeke umoya omncane ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
Ukuze kulinywe ngempumelelo i-streptocarpuses, kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama esifundeni ka-50-70%. Izitshalo zisabela kahle ekufafazeni. Kungcono ukuyifeza ngesifutho esincane - inkungu, kusihlwa, amanzi abilisiwe noma axazululiwe.
Ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa kwe-Streptocarpus ngesikhathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okuningana, kepha okulinganiselayo, ukuvimbela ukoma ngokweqile komkhuba obumba. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Okokunisela thatha amanzi athambile ahlala emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, njengoba izitshalo zizwela kakhulu ubulukhuni bamanzi. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngaphakathi ngenhla komphetho webhodwe noma amanzi kuthululelwa epanini kusuka ngezansi.
Ukweqa ngokweqile kuboniswa kangcono esitshalweni kunomswakama ngokweqile, ogcwele ukugcwala kwezimpande. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka womisa ukuphuma odongeni lobumba, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuziswe ngezingxenye ezincane futhi singafafazwa ngalesi sikhathi.
IStreptocarpus isitshalo "esihlakaniphile", yena ngokwakhe uphakamisa uma kunesidingo "sokuyinisela". Kulokhu, amaqabunga ancishiswa futhi ayabila, kepha lapho eniselwa, ayabuyiselwa ngokushesha.
Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi, ukunakekelwa kwe-streptocarpus nokutshala kuyadingeka ngomanyolo womanyolo ojwayelekile wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Zenziwa masonto onke ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Streptocarpus nenhlabathi edingekayo
Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo luthuthukiswa kakhulu futhi lukhula ngokushesha futhi luqukethe wonke umthamo webhodwe. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke ebhodweni elikhudlwana, futhi ezivuthiwe ngokwengeziwe njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Izimbiza zingcono ukuthatha kubanzi futhi ziphansi.
Bakhetha iziqukathi zepulasitiki, ngoba uma usebenzisa izimbiza zobumba, izimpande ezondile zesitshalo zingena kuma-pores wezindonga bese zilinyazwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Lonke ibhodwe elilandelayo kufanele libe likhulu ngo-1-2 cm kunelokuqala.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Ngezansi kwembiza kufanele kubekwe ungqimba lwamasentimitha amabili.
Ama-Streptocarpuses adinga inhlabathi evulekile nephefumulayo ukuvimba amanzi amaningi ukuze angahlali kuwo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesitolo se-violet kungasebenza. Kunconywa ukufaka i-peat yamahhashi kuyo.
Ungalungiselela i-substrate ye-streptocarpuses ngokwakho. Kunezindlela zokupheka eziningana:
- Umhlabathi we-Clay-soddy - izingxenye ezi-2, i-peat - ingxenye eyi-1, amaqabunga e-humus - ingxenye eyi-1, isihlabathi somfula (ama-coarse) - 1 ingxenye.
- I-Peat - ingxenye eyi-1, i-perlite - 1 ingxenye, i-vermiculite - 1 ingxenye.
- I-Vermiculite - ingxenye eyi-1, izwe elijikayo - 1 ingxenye, i-sphagnum moss (inqunywe) - 1 ingxenye, i-peat - 1 ingxenye.
Ukugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile kwenhlabathi yomswakama, kuyanconywa ukwengezwa kwamalahle amahle. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi umhlaba we-turfy ukuthutha izitshalo ezincane.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Streptocarpus ngembewu, ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla nokusikwa
Indlela elula yokuzala ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlahla somuntu omdala sakha i-Delenki eminingana ngohlelo oluvamile lwezimpande. Isitshalo esinjalo siyaniselwa, sikhishwe emhlabathini, sisuswe kancane bese, usebenzisa ummese, sihlukanise ihlathi libe izingxenye ukuze ngalinye lihlale linamaqabunga amaningana. Izimpande ezindala ezifile kufanele zisuswe, futhi izindawo zokusikeka kufanele zome futhi zifafazwe ngamalahle aqoshiwe.
I-Drainage ithululelwa ebhodweni, ungqimba we-1 cm, bese u-2/3 ugcwala umhlaba, emva kwalokho leyo ngxenye esanda kwakhiwa ibekwe enkabeni bese inhlabathi ithululelwa ezingeni lentamo yezimpande. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswa kancane futhi iniselwa ngamanzi afudumele.
Ngakho-ke i-streptocarpus entsha etholwe nge-cellophane ukuze ikhule kangcono. Amaqabunga amakhulu kufanele afinyezwe noma asikwe ngokuphelele ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqabunga asemancane kanye nokubangelwa kwezitshalo ngokushesha. Ngale ndlela, esitshalweni esisodwa ungafinyelela ezintsha ezi-4 phakathi nonyaka.
Yize ukusakazeka kwe-streptocarpus ngeqabunga kungobunzima obuthile, kuyathandwa kakhulu, ngoba, kwesinye isikhathi, ukuthola isitshalo esisha, kuphela iqabunga lezinhlobonhlobo ezifunwayo kuthathwa ekuqoqweni kwalo. Isikhathi esifanele sokuzala okunjalo kusentwasahlobo.
Ungasusa iqabunga emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lola kancane ukuphela kweshidi, okuzoba emanzini ngommese. Okubi ngale ndlela ngamaphesenti aphezulu okubola kweshidi.
Ukususa phansi izingcezu zamaqabunga endaweni engaphansi kwe-violet exutshaniswe ne-vermiculite ne-peat kuzokhiqiza kakhulu.
Iqabunga elincane, elikhuliswe kahle lihlukaniswe yisitshalo, libekwe ebhodini ngasohlangothini lwaso olungaphezulu bese lisikwa ngento ehlanzekile ebunjiwe yokusika (ummese, i-blade) perpendicular kuya emthanjeni ophakathi kuzigaba ezi-3-5 cm ububanzi.
Izingcezu eziphumayo zitshalwe kungxenyeni engaphansi kwe-6-8 mm ngesisekelo sesibambo phansi kude ngebanga elingaphezu kwama-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Iphathwa nge-fungicide futhi imbozwe isikhwama sepulasitiki. Ukushisa okunconyelwe kokukhula okuyimpande kwethanga kungama-20-22 degrees.
Kwesinye isikhathi izingxenye zamaqabunga ezihlwanyelwe zilahlekelwa yi-elasticity, noma kunjalo, ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu, ezenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili, zizophinda zibuke futhi.
Izingane zakhiwa kusuka emithanjeni eguqukayo, ngakho-ke, lapho kutholakala imithambo engxenyeni enkulu, izingane eziningi zakhiwa ngenxa yalokho. Isikhwama sivulwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kungene umoya.
Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuvikeleke ukubola kwamaqabunga. Ungafaka izitshalo ezincane ezimbizeni ngemuva kokufika usayizi ongaphezulu kuka-2-3 cm.
Ukusakazeka kweStreptocarpus ngembewu, kuhlwanyelwa phezulu emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Isitsha simbozwe ngesikhwama noma ngengilazi futhi kuvalwe umoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva cishe inyanga nesigamu, ingilazi kuqala ligudluzwe bese likhishwa ngokuphelele. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili, ama-streptocarpuses amasha anakekela futhi akhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi anciphise, futhi ngemuva kokufinyelela osayizi abangaphezulu kuka-2 cm, atyale ezimbizeni ezihlukile.
Le ndlela yokuzala ayihlali iqinisekisa ikhophi esiqondile sesitshalo somama, ngoba iningi le-streptocarpuses izitshalo ezi-hybrid ezigcina ukuhlukahluka kuphela ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwezitshalo.
