Amazambane ayimifino ejwayelekile engadini. Muva nje, le ndawo ngaphansi kokutshala kwayo incishisiwe, yize izinhlobo zokuqala zisakhiwa cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Amazambane angatshalwa endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-8-9, kepha kancane kancane, uma kungenjalo okuvunwayo, ikhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa izokwehla kakhulu ngenxa yokukhathala kwenhlabathi nokuqongelela ama-microflora we-pathogenic. Kulokhu, ukushintshwa kwezinhlobo zamazambane akusizi okuningi, ngoba kudla izakhi ezifanayo ukwakha isivuno futhi kuvame ukuthwala i-microflora ye-pathogenic entweni yokutshala (iphunga elingathandeki le-putrefactive, imibuthano emnyama ku-tuber cut, njll.). Yebo, futhi ukuthenga izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala, azikho iziqinisekiso zekhwalithi yayo.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane likhule kusuka imbewu ngonyaka wesibili.
Indlela yokuphuma kulesisimo kungenzeka ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa amazambane avela ezinhlanyelweni zemvelo. Akhiwa nge-brush ye-apical friable enezimbali ezinemibala emhlophe-pink. Izithelo berry, ekuqaleni ukukhanya okuluhlaza ngombala, ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele kombala onsundu neminye imibala. Imbewu insundu omncane.
Izinzuzo Zokuphakanyiswa Kwembewu Yamazambane
- Imbewu yamazambane ethengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile ayinawo amagciwane we-pathogenic namagciwane. Bakhethwe ngokukhethekile futhi basebenza. Azivikelwa izifo.
- Amelana nokuguquguquka kwezimo zemvelo. Basheshe bazivumelanise nezimo zezulu zesifunda futhi bakha ezithela phezulu zezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo kungakapheli iminyaka engama-5-7.
- Izindleko zembewu yamazambane ishibhile kaningana kunezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngoba azikho izindleko zokuhamba, ukugcinwa, ukucubungulwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala ensimini.
- Imbewu yamazambane igcina ukukhula kwayo iminyaka engama-5-6.
Ubunzima bokusakazwa kwembewu yamazambane
- Ukunakwa nokubekezela kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula izithombo zamazambane futhi kusahamba emavikini okuqala emva kokutshala emhlabathini (enkundleni, endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ngaphansi kokuphephela).
- Isikhathi sokukhula seminyaka emibili. Ngonyaka wokuqala, sithola umthungo wamazambane (izindebe ezingama-20- 40 g), kanti ukuvuna kwalezi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zokusetshenziswa kwetafula kwakheka kuphela ngonyaka wesibili kusuka ku-potato sevc.
Izici zamazambane akhula ezinhlanyelweni zemvelo
Ubhatata usakazeka ngendlela engafaniyo (ama-tubers wonke nezingxenye zawo, ukusikwa, ukubekeka) kanye nendlela yembewu. Kuze kube yiminyaka yamuva, amazambane asakazwa yi-tubers. Enye indlela yesimo esikhona njengamanje ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale isivuno sekhwalithi ephezulu yamazambane amazambane ngokusatshalaliswa kwembewu, okungenziwa ngezindlela ezingenambewu nezesithombo.
Imbewu yamazambane.
Indlela engenanhlonipho yokukhulisa amazambane kusuka kunembewu yezinto eziphilayo
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, amazambane imbewu angatshalwa ngqo enkundleni evulekile. Imbewu ekhulayo inobunzima obuthile, ngakho-ke kulula ukuthenga eyenziwe eyenziwe ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Amazambane yisiko elithanda ukukhanya futhi imvamisa izindawo ezikhanyayo zabelwa ukufakwa kuwo. Emthunzini, ihlathi seluliwe, futhi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zakha ezincane.
Izimbangela ezinhle kakhulu zamazambane ziyizigaxa zokuqala (isivuno), ummbila, izimbotshana nemifino (hhayi i-nightshade). Ekwindla ngemuva kokuvunwa, sisusa indawo ebekiwe kusuka ukhula, sambe ifosholo eselungeni. Uma inhlabathi ingaphansi kwe-acidization, khona-ke ngaphansi kokumba senza ingilazi ye-lime, ufulawa we-dolomite noma izinkomishi ezi-2-3 zomlotha wokhuni ngemitha yesikwele. m isikwele. Sigaya ukugaya futhi sihlwanyele umquba oluhlaza, othi emva kwamaviki ama-5-8 utshalwe emhlabathini (uphizi, ibhali, irye, isinaphi, udlwengulwe) futhi ulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo.
Uma kwenzeka ulungiselela ngaphandle kwezimali zomxhaso zokwemba ekwindla, siletha i-sq. m 0.5-1.0 ibhakede le-humus, umquba. Uma kungekho-humus, khona-ke entwasahlobo ngaphansi kokutshala kuka-15 cm sethula umanyolo wamaminerali. Indlela elula ukusebenzisa i-nitrofos enamaminerali omanyolo ngesilinganiso sama-30- 40 g / sq. m isikwele. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyadabula, likhululeke ekuqothulweni kwenhlabathi.
Ukulungiselela imbewu yamazambane ukuze ihlwanyelwe
Ukuthola izithombo ezisheshayo, imbewu yamazambane ivuswa ekuphumuleni ngokufudumala kwangaphambi kokushisa egumbini elinomswakama ku + 40 ... + 42ºº imizuzu engadluli kwemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Ngokwengeziwe ungaphatha imbewu ngemicronutrients uma ibingacutshungulwa esikhungweni sokulungiselela imbewu.
Imbewu yamazambane eyomile yomiswa ekushiseni kwegumbi kuze kube ukugeleza futhi ihlwanyelwe yomile enhlabathini noma ifakwe ukuhluma. Epanini lokuthosa elinamanzi, fafaza imbewu ngokulinganayo, amboze ngebhashi elinamanzi nendawo endaweni efudumele. Kungenzeka ebhethri noma kufasitela elifudumele. Hlala uswakama njalo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, imbewu ebilisiwe yamazambane isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa.
Potato berry nembewu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamazambane emhlabathini ovulekile
Eminyakeni yokuqala neyesibili kaMeyi, lapho inhlabathi engqeshweni eyi-10 cm ifudunyezwa ifinyelele ku-14 ... + 16 ° C, umbhede owabelwe ukuhlwanyelwa imbewu yamazambane uyathukululwa futhi ebangeni elingama-30-40 cm silungisa izimbobo ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-3-4 cm. Sibeka imbewu engu-2-3 emgodini ngamunye bese siyiyisa ngembobo yenhlabathi efanayo noma nge-mulch encane ngo-0.5 cm.
Esikhundleni sezimbobo zokutshala, imisele engasetshenziswa. Sika imisele emi-4-5 cm ejulile, ugcwalise ngamanzi. Ngemuva kokungeniswa kwamanzi emhlabathini, sihlwanyela imbewu kanye ne-mulch engu-0.5-1.0 cm. Izithombo zamazambane zivele ngosuku 5-10. Izithombo zingaba zincane, ngakho-ke ukuhlwanyelwa kuqine. Esigabeni 2 salamaqabunga, lapho inqwaba yezithombo yezithombo iqala ukuvala, sincipha. Ngaphambi kokuncipha, sincwilisa inhlabathi. Izithombo zamazambane ezingadonswa kahle zingatshalwa njengezithombo ngemigqa noma izimbobo ezihlukile ngemuva kuka-20-25 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Izithombo zamazambane ekuqaleni zikhula kancane futhi zihlushwa ukhula, ukufakelwa kwenhlabathi nokushushuluza ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, badinga ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi okuqhubekayo, ukhula kanye nokunisela ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi samanzi.
Ngemuva cishe kwenyanga, izithombo zamazambane zizokwakha izihlahla ezinamatshe amaningi. Ukubanakekela ngaphezulu kuyafana nalapho utshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kuvunwe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Isilimo singaba sesincane (nezilimo eziyizigaxa 20-40 g).
Sifaka imbewu yamazambane ukuze igcinwe njengembewu enamahlumela, engenawo amagciwane nezinye izindlela zokutshala ngonyaka olandelayo.
Izithombo zezithombo zamazambane.
Indlela yesithombo yokukhulisa amazambane kusuka imbewu yemvelo
Ukulungiselela ukuxubana kwenhlabathi yokutshala imbewu yamazambane
Inhlabathi yokutshala imbewu yamazambane kufanele ivundile, ixege, ingene emanzini futhi ibe nokuphefumula. Ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi: engeza izingxenye ezi-2 ze-turf noma izingxenye ezi-4 ze-peat nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezi-2 zegadi (engadini) yomhlaba. Zonke hlanganisa kahle bese ukhipha isibulala-magciwane. Hlanganisa ne-10-15 g nitrofoski kanye namalungiselelo emvelo we-trichodermin noma i-phytosporin (10 g / 10 l wamanzi) ngengxube ngayinye yenhlabathi eyi-10 kg yokuvikela ezifweni zomhlabathi we-fungal (umlenze omnyama, ukubola kwezimpande). Ingxube iyavuselelwa futhi yomiswe ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ukucubungula ukuxubana kwenhlabathi nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kubaluleke kakhulu uma ingxube yenhlabathi ingangcolisiwe. Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo inempahla yokuqothula isikhunta se-pathogenic futhi ifake isandla ekwenzeni kabusha i-microflora enenzuzo. Ngomxube womhlabathi olungiselelwe sigcwalisa isitsha.
Ukulungiswa kwembewu yamazambane
Ukwandisa ukubekezelelana okubandayo kwesiko, sizenza lukhuni imbewu yamazambane, sizibeka ubusuku esiqandisini, naphakathi nosuku egumbini elifudumele. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, sicubungula imbewu yamazambane ngesivuseleli sempande, isixazululo se-epin noma i-rootin. Imbewu ephathisiwe imila ngendlela efanayo nangendlela yokutshala izithombo. Izinsuku ezi-3-5, imbewu ebethelwe ingahlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe izithombo.
Ukuhlwanyela nokunakekela izithombo zamazambane
Ekuhlwanyeleni, sisebenzisa amabhokisi angama-10 cm noma ezinye iziqukathi (izinkomishi, amakhasethi, amabhodwe we-peat-humus). Esitsheni, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe ezansi ukukhipha amanzi amaningi. Izithombo amazambane ugula ukuwohloka izimpande kusuka supersaturation nge umswakama.
Esitsheni esilungiselelwe, ngemuva kuka-10cm cm senza imisele ngokujula kwe-1,0-1,5 cm. Sisabalalisa imbewu yamazambane emgodini ngemuva kwesentimitha eziyi-5. Sifaka imbewu ethuliwe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi efanayo noma ngesihlabathi esomile bese sincibilikisa ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Isigatshana esimanzi esimanzi sidonsela imbewu ekujuleni kwenhlanganisela. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezithombo, simanzisa inhlabathi ngesifutho, ukuze singagezi imbewu enhlabathini nge-jet yamanzi futhi singakhi indawo enomswakama ngokweqile, ngoba izithombo zithinteka kalula ukubola kwezimpande.
Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu yamazambane ezitsheni ezihlukile, zibeke emabhokisini, ukulungiselela ukunakekelwa.
Sibeka iziqukathi ezinhlamvu ezihlwanyelwe zamazambane emashalofini ku-greenhouse evuthayo. Kungenzeka ukumboza ngengilazi noma ngefilimu egumbini lokuhlala, ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa okuncane, ukuhlinzeka izimo zomswakama ezifanele kanye nokushisa komoya + 18 ... + 22ºС. Inhlabathi yokwanda kokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo iyakhululwa ngokuhlelekile.
Izithombo zamazambane zivela ngosuku lwe-8-10. Esigabeni sesi-2 sala maqabunga, sikhetha (uma kunesidingo), sikhulisa isithombo sibe ngamaqabunga e-cotyledon. Izithombo ezitsheni ngazinye (izinkomishi nezinye iziqukathi) azihuduluki. Ukuze izithombo zamazambane zikhanye ngokulinganayo, isitsha esinezithombo siguqulwa ngokuhlelekile izinhlangothi ezihlukile size sikhanyise noma sikhanyiselwe.
Ukuze kwakheke kangcono uhlelo lwezimpande, izithombo zamazambane ziyaniselwa ngesonto elilodwa emva kokuhluma ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate noma i-urea (1 g / 1 litre lamanzi okushisa egumbi). Ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, izithombo kumele zigezwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukugqokwa okulandelayo okuphezulu kwezithombo zamazambane ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile isikhathi esijwayelekile kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali noma esinye sezidakamizwa ezinconyelwe izithombo zokugqoka eziphezulu: i-Kemira Lux, i-Agricola, ukukhula okungafakwanga, i-GUMI Kuznetsova, iBaikal EM-1 nezinye. Zishukumisa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nobuningi obungaphezulu komhlaba, zinezindawo zokulwa nesikhunta.
Izithombo zamazambane ezivela embewini ziyatshalwa ngaphandle kokukha.
Ukuphatha izithombo zamazambane
Izinsuku eziyishumi nambili ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo zamazambane emhlabathini siyazifudumeza, sibeka iziqukathi ezinezithombo ekuqaleni kwamahora angama-2-6, futhi isonto ngaphambi kokutshala sime ubusuku nemini egumbini elipholile (i-loggia ekhanyisiwe, i-kuvulandi, umhubhe ongashisiwe).
Ukutshala izithombo zamazambane emhlabathini ovulekile
Esifundeni eseningizimu enyakeni wesibili noma wesithathu ngoMeyi (kamuva ngemigqa ephakathi nenyakatho yeRussian Federation), izithombo zamazambane zakudala ezingama-40-55 zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Emibhedeni elungiselelwe engadini yomhlaba ovulekile, senza izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-8-12 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lincike emgomweni wokugcina. Uma sisebenzisa ukutshala konyaka wokuqala ukuthola imbewu yamazambane, silungiselela izimbobo ngamasentimitha angama-25-30. Ukuze sithole ama-tubers amazambane (ukunambitheka), sikhulisa ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo ukuya ku-40-60 cm, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo. Ungatshala izithombo ezi-2 emgodini owodwa.
Uma kunesidingo futhi kudingekile, engeza izinkomishi ezi-0,5 ze-humus ezivuthiwe emithonjeni, ezimbalwa wezipuni zomlotha, hlanganisa nenhlabathi, amanzi futhi ngemuva kokuthola amanzi, tshala isithombo samazambane. Izithombo zamazambane zivame ukulala bese ziphuka kalula. Ngokulala phansi ngokucophelela sibeka izithombo emgodini bese sizigcwalisa ngomhlabathi ukuze amaqabunga wangempela ayi-2-3 aqhubeke abe ngaphezulu.
Izithombo ezitshalwe amazambane zingambozwa nge-lutrasil noma nge-spandbond kusuka ekupholiseni okungazelelwe noma ngokweqile yimisebe yelanga entwasahlobo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho izithombo ziqala ukwakha amaqabunga amasha, sisusa indawo yokukhosela.
Ngenyanga yokuqala yokunisela ngemithamo emincane, senza kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, bese sikhuphula izinga lamanzi bese sishintshela isikhathi esingu-1 ngesonto. Imibhede enezitshalo ihlala idedelwa kusuka ekuqhekekeni kwenhlabathi, ukhula luyasuswa. Ngaphambi kokuvala isihlahla, siconsa inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela. Izithombo zamazambane zanyanga zakha izihlahla ezinamatshe amaningi, futhi ukuzinakekela akuhlukile ekunakekeleni isivuno esitshalwe nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Yondla izithombo zamazambane
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, sondla amazambane.
- Izinhlobo zokuqala zamazambane isikhathi 1 emva kokutshala enhlabathini, isigaba sokumiswa kweziqongo. Sihlanganisa ukugqoka okuphezulu ne-hilling.
- Sondla izinhlobo zamazambane aphakathi nendawo futhi sekwephuzile kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala esigabeni sokukhula kweziqongo kanye nesesibili - ukuqunjelwa kwenqwaba.
Isidingo sokondliwa kokuqala kwenzeka lapho ukuphakama kwezithombo zamazambane kudlula ku-10 cm. Ingxube yamafutha enitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium (non-chlorine) ilungiswa ngesilinganiso se-1: 2: 1 noma 1: 2: 1.5. Ungenza i-nitrofoska, i-nitroammophoska (30-35 g / bush) ekugqokeni kokuqala okuphezulu.
Abanye abalimi bayeluleka ukufaka isisombululo samanyolo we-organic ngaphansi kwempande yamazambane. Uma i-humus yethulwe ngaphansi kokulungiswa okuyisisekelo kwenhlabathi noma lapho ukutshala ngqo emigodini, khona-ke ukondla udaba lwe-organic nge-infusion akudingekile. Esikhundleni salokho, kungcono ukusebenzisa iKemira ngesilinganiso se-10 g / sq. m. Lo manyolo uqukethe izakhi zokulandela umkhondo, ezidingekayo kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwenani nekhwalithi yezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Egqokeni lesibili eliphezulu, elihambisana nokwakheka kwezinhlamvu eziningi, sikhipha i-nitrogen bese sengeza umanyolo we-potassium sulfate ne-phosphate ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1: 1.5. I-Potassium ithuthukisa i-tuberization kanye nokulethwa kwezakhi zomzimba ezithweni zesitshalo (yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-cabman). Ngalesi sikhathi, kuhle ukufaka i-ash (izibuko ezi-1-2 nge-sq. M) noma i-kemir. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungabuye kusetshenziswe ngendlela yezixazululo (izixazululo eziyi-10 zamakhambi ayi-15-20). Ubungako kanye nokulinganiswa kukamanyolo wamaminerali, osetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ekugqokeni okuphezulu, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi, izimo zezulu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamazambane esimweni ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungiselela ukutshala amazambane, funda izincomo zezazi zezolimo zezolimo.
Ukugqugquzela ukuphuma kwezakhi zomzimba kusuka eziqongweni kuya kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ekugcineni kwezimbali, isisindo samazambane amazulu singalashwa ngesisombululo se-superphosphate. Ama-20 g we-superphosphate ancibilikiswa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, afakwa ezinsukwini ezi-2, ahlungiwe bese izihloko zifafazwa.
Isithombo amazambane kusuka imbewu imbewu embizeni eyodwa yezithombo izinsuku ezingama-24.
Ukuvikelwa kwezithombo zamazambane ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Lapho kukhula amazambane kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, izinto zokutshala ezivelayo (imbewu yamazambane kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa eminyakeni elandelayo) zitholakala zinempilo, kepha izitshalo ngokwazo, ikakhulukazi izithombo ezisencane, ziyahlaselwa yizifo futhi zilinyazwa izilokazane, ezitholakala emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuvikela izitshalo zamazambane zombili lapho kukhula izithombo (ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi yezithombo ingakhiswanga magciwane) nasemhlabathini lapho itshalwe ngokuphelele.
Kulezi zifo, amazambane avame ukuthinteka kakhulu yi-fusarium, ukulimala sekwephuzile, umhlaza, umdlavuza we-tuber, izimpande kanye nokubola kwe-tuber nezinye izifo.
Kwezinambuzane, ibhungane lamazambane leColorado, ibhele lebele, i-wireworm, i-aphid, i-potato scoop, izinambuzane ezihlala zodwa, izimbotshana zamazambane, i-potato moth kanye nezinye zibhekwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu. Ama-aphid, ngaphezu komonakalo eziqongweni zamazambane, nawo ayizithwali zamagciwane, ezingasenazo izidakamizwa okwamanje.
Umkhakha wamakhemikhali unikeza uhlu olukhulu lwezidakamizwa ukuvikela kuzo zombili izifo nezinambuzane. Kepha ezindlini zakho akudingekile ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali uma udinga imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo. Muva nje, amalungiselelo e-biological athuthukiswe kakhulu angenabungozi kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo (izinyosi).
Ukulwa nezifo zamazambane, kunikezwa imikhiqizo elandelayo yemvelo: trichodermin, phytolavin, phytosporin, planriz. Lokhu kokugcina kungalashwa izitshalo ezinsukwini ezingama-1-2 ngaphambi kokuvunwa. Ngokuchithwa kwezinambuzane zemikhiqizo yemvelo, i-bicol, i-bitoxibacillin, i-phytoverin, i-acarin, i-boverin nabanye kuyanconywa.Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji ingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zethangi ngokusho izincomo, ezinciphisa kakhulu umthwalo ezitshalweni ngezindlela zokwelapha nezabasebenzi nezindleko zesikhathi.
Ukuvuna nokubeka izimbiza zamazambane ukuze zigcinwe
Ukuvuna okuhloselwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside, sikususa ngemuva kokuba iziqongo sezomile ngokuphelele. Imbewu yamazambane incane, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele lapho uvuna. Ngisho ne-10 g trifle izonikeza isivuno esihle ngonyaka olandelayo. Sisakaza izimbotshana ezembiwe endaweni eyomile (isibani, igalaji, ezinye izakhiwo zosizo), sizomise izinsuku ezingama-3-5, hlunga ngezingxenyana bese uzifaka engaphansi yokugcina izinto.
Potato nezilimo eziyizigaxa konyaka wokuqala lokukhula kusuka imbewu.
Izinhlobo zamazambane zokusakazwa kwembewu
- Kwasekuqaleni: U-Assol, uMlimi, unqoba, u-Empress, uVelina, uMilena. Ukuvunwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwakhiwa ngezinsuku ezingama-50-65.
- Medium: Ilona, Ballad, Revenge, Ubuhle, F1 hybrid Lada. Ukuvuna izinhlobo eziphakathi zamazambane ezisuswe ngemuva kwezinsuku 80-95.
- Mid-late: I-Virgo yakha ukuvuna kwe-tuber okuvuthiwe ngezinsuku ezingama-95-110.
Ngonyaka olandelayo sitshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitholiwe. Khumbula! Iminyaka engu-7, udinga ukubuyekeza okuqukethwe. Ukuze senze lokhu, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-5-6, siphinda sihlwanyele imbewu yemvelo futhi silungisa nezinto ezintsha zokutshala ezingenagciwane.
