UPlantain (uPlantago) ungowomndeni ka-plantain. Uhlobo lolo lufanekiselwa izihlahlana, kanye nezitshalo ze-herbaceous zonyaka nezonyaka. Ngokwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-150-250. Abamele i-genus Psyllium ezimweni zemvelo bangatholakala kunoma yiliphi ikhona leplanethi enguMhlaba. Izinhlobo eziningi zikhula. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwazo kukhona lezo ezinempahla yokwelapha, okungukuthi: i-flea plantain, noma i-flea, ne-plantain emikhulu noma enkulu. Emvelweni, leli siko likhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezinamagquma, emaqeleni, emigwaqweni, ngisho nasezihlabathini. Ezinye zezinhlobo zama-plantain zifakwe ku-Red Book.
Izici ze-herb plantain
I-Plantain ine-rhizome emfushane, lapho kusuka khona izimpande ezicijile njengezintambo. Ukuphuma kweqabunga le-basal kufaka amapuleti eqabunga le-petiolate. Njengomthetho, abamele balesi sihlahla sembali yohlobo olunamaqabunga futhi baqondile. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunezinhlobo lapho ama-peduncle angamaqabunga futhi aqhakaza. Isigaxa sokugcina esiminyene noma i-spike inflorescence siqukethe izimbali ezincane kakhulu, ezingameleli noma yiliphi inani lokuhlobisa. Izithelo zalesi sitshalo yibhokisi enezithombo eziningi. Njengomthetho, umoya ubandakanyeka enqubweni yokucoliswa kwephunga.
Ukutshala okulinywayo
Ungatshala kanjani
Uhlobo olunjalo njengotshani omkhulu luhlukaniswa ngokwakheka komhlabathi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye akutuswa ukuwukhulisa emhlabathini osindayo noma oswakeme. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi endaweni efanayo lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sikhulile hhayi iminyaka emi-2 noma emithathu.
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuqondisa imbewu, isiza kufanele silungiselelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukumba, futhi Umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe emhlabathini, ngokwesibonelo, amagremu ama-30 we-superphosphate, ama-kilogram angama-4-6 womquba kanye namagremu ayi-15 omanyolo we-potassium athathwa imitha ngayinye yesikwele. Ngemuva kokuba indawo yokumba isiqediwe, hlela indawo yayo, futhi nayo kufanele inyathelwe.
Abalimi batusa ukuthi kutshalwe imbewu ye-plantain enhlabathini evulekile ebusika. Kulokhu, kufanele kulungiswe ama-grooves, ukujula kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-0.5, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele lisuke kumamitha ayi-0,45 liye ku-0.6. Ngemuva kokuba imifino isilungile, idinga ukusabalalisa imbewu ye-ukhula, embozwe ungqimba lomhlaba oluningi. Izinzuzo zokutshala ubusika ukuthi emhlabathini obandayo imbewu ihamba ngokudalwa kwemvelo, bese kuthi lapho kuvela amahlumela entwasahlobo anobuhle avele esizeni. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwanqunywa ukuthi kuhlehliswe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, lapho-ke zizodinga i-stratation. Okokuqala, imbewu iyahlanzwa izinsuku ezimbalwa endaweni lapho ukufudumala komoya kusuka ku-18 kuye kuma-20 degrees. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ibekwa embizeni yengilazi noma esikhwameni se-polyethylene, esigcwele isihlabathi esithambile lapho isilinganiso 1: 4. Ngemuva kwalokho ingxube edingekayo kufanele ibekwe eshalofini lesiqandisi izinyanga ezi-2 zasebusika, eyenzelwe ukugcina imifino. Ngokuhlelekile, isitsha sembewu kufanele sisuswe esiqandisini futhi okuqukethwe kugungulwe ngokuphelele. Futhi, ngezikhathi nesikhathi kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sesihlabathi, futhi uma kunesidingo esinjalo, bese siyanyiswa.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo emva kokuncipha kwenhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele ikhululwe ngokuphelele ibe ngamamitha ayi-30 kuye kwangama-40, emva kwalokho ingaphezulu layo ligingqiwe. Lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini kufanele kungcwatshwe kuphela amasentimitha ayi-1.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
I-Plantain ekhule engadini kulula kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ukuze lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sikhule futhi sikhule ngokujwayelekile, kufanele sinikeze ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi, ukhula kanye nokukhulula umhlabathi womhlaba phakathi kwezihlahla. Kufanele kubhekwe ikakhulukazi ukhula emasimini ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwawo, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi izihlahla azisenamandla kangako, futhi zingabulala utshani bokhula ngokushesha. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukhulula ingaphezulu lesakhiwo, futhi usadinga ukukhipha wonke ukhula ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala. Izilimo ezinotshani obudingiwe azidingi ukuncipha, noma ngabe ziminyene ngokweqile.
Isitshalo esinjalo esidlekayo sidinga ukondliwa njalo. Isikhathi sokuqala sokondla i-plantain siyadingeka ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Okwesibili ukugqokwa phezulu kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngemuva kokuthi kuqoqwe iqoqo lokuqala lamapuleti amaqabunga. Ungondla i-plantain neNitrofos, kuyilapho kukhombisa umthamo owuthandayo ekuhlanganisweni kwalomanyolo. Futhi, esikhundleni seNitrofoski, kuyo yonke imitha eyodwa yesikwele yendawo, ungenza amagremu ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 wanoma imuphi umquba oqukethe i-nitrogen.
Ukhula ngokutshala isiza endaweni yakho ngeke kube nzima kumlimi onesipiliyoni noma owokuqala. Into esemqoka ukunamathela kuyo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi siko futhi uyiphathe kahle, khona-ke nakanjani ngeke ube nezinkinga ngalesi sitshalo.
Isivuno se-Plantain
Ochwepheshe baluletha ukuqoqa izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha ezihlahleni zamapulangwe kuphela lapho imvula isidlulile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuvuna, kufanele ulinde ukuthi isitshalo some kahle. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula kwe-plantain, kuvunyelwe kuphela isikhathi esiyi-1 ngesizini. Ezitshalweni ezineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, isivuno kufanele sisuswe izikhathi ezi-2 phakathi nenkathi, ngesivuno sokuqala masisha ngemuva kokuqhuma kwesiqongo, bese kuthi isonto lesishiyagalombili ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sekwindla. Iqiniso ngukuthi emabhusha ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula kufanele abe nesikhathi sokukhula amaqabunga amasha.
Yilawo kuphela amapuleti amaqabunga angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10,5 ubude okufanele anqunywe. Ukomisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlanganisiwe, kufanele zibekwe endaweni enomthunzi, zingabekwa futhi egumbini elinomoya omncane noma onomoya omningi, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elifanele lokomisa lisuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-50 degrees. Uma kufiswa, amapuleti eshidi angagoqwa futhi alengiswe ophahleni ukuze omiswe. Lapho ususa amahlamvu lapho kuqoqwa izinto zokwelapha zokwelapha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungalimazi i-rhizome, kanye ne-rosette yamaqabunga. Lapho umuthi wokwenziwa okuluhlaza woma, kufanele ube nombala onsundu-onsundu noma oluhlaza okotshani bese inephunga elibuthakathaka nokunambitheka okumunyu.
Ngemuva kokuba ingxenye engezansi yama-inflorescence ivuthwe kahle, kuyadingeka ukuqoqa imbewu yalesi sitshalo, iqiniso ukuthi, njengamapuleti amaqabunga, anezindawo zokuphilisa. Udinga ukusika ama-inflorescence ezansi, ngemuva kokuthi omile izinsuku ezingama-3-5, kufanele abhule.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-plantain ezinezithombe namagama
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-plantain kusiko, yi-2 kuphela etshaliwe ekhiqiza izinto zokuhlanza zokwelapha. Incazelo enemininingwane izonikezwa ngezansi.
Isihlabathi sikaPlantain (i-Latin Plantago arenaria), noma i-rough, noma i-Indian, noma i-flea, noma i-flea
Lolu hlobo lwe-plantain luboniswa isitshalo se-herbaceous sonyaka. Ukuphakama kwama-branchy amahlumela kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.4. Engxenyeni engenhla, amahlumela yi-glandular-pubescent. Izingcezu zamaqabunga eziphikisayo zalolu hlobo zilayini futhi ziqinile-emaphethelweni, ngobude zifinyelela cishe ngamamilimitha angama-70. Engxenyeni engenhla, amaqabunga abekiwe. Ama-inflorescence akhona, anesimo se-ovoid, aqukethe izimbali ezincane. Phezu kwe-inflorescence kukhona ne-pubescence eminyene, enezinwele ezigwinya. Izithelo zesitshalo lesi yibhokisi lomumo we-ellipsoidal, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona imbewu. Kokubili utshani kanye nembewu yalolu hlobo lwe-plantain zinezakhi zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kwenye umuthi.
I-Plantain inkulu (i-Latin Plantago enkulu), noma i-plantain yona inkulu
Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo esitshalwa emithini, esiyi-anime. Izimpande ezingcolile zisuka kubhejane elifushane. I-basalqabunga le-rosette liqukethe amaqabunga amaqabunga anobukhulu obukhulu bokuzungeza kanye ne-petioles ende. Ukuphakama kwe-peduncle eqondile kusuka ku-0.15 kuya ku-0,45 metres, ithwala i-inflorescence enomumo omfushane womoya, onomumo we-cylindrical futhi uqukethe izimbali ezincane. Izithelo zalolu hlobo yibhokisi enezithombo eziningi. Izici zokupholisa zalolu hlobo lwe-plantain zinotshani obusha, kanye namapuleti awo eqabunga.
Izakhiwo zikaPlantain: ukulimaza nezinzuzo
Izici zokupholisa ze-ukhula
Ukuthi i-plantain inezokwelapha sekuyaziwa kumuntu kudala. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni okuhlukile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-pleurisy, izifo eziphefumula kakhulu, isifuba somoya, umugqa wepheshana lokuphefumula, kanye nesifo sofuba. Ukulungiselela okwenziwe ngesisekelo se-plantain kusiza ukudambisa ukuvuvukala, ukuthuthukisa ukucasha kwesisu kanye nokuhlanzwa kwegazi. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sokwelapha sisebenza kakhulu ku-gastritis, ulcer peptic, ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela, i-enteritis, i-enterocolitis, umalaleveva, ukuvuvukala kwezifo, izifo zesikhumba, kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala kwesinye.
Ijusi elisha elitholakala otshanini obumile kusiza ukusheshisa izinqubo zokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezilimele, kanye namanxeba okubulala amagciwane futhi lisuse ukhunta. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sinomphumela wokudabukisa, maqondana nalokhu sisetshenziselwa i-neurosis, ukuqwasha nokuqwasha okwandayo. Ukulungiselela okwenziwe ngesisekelo salesi sitshalo kufaka isandla ekucindezelweni okuvamile, kanye nasekususweni kwe-edema.
Izici zokwelapha zalesi sitshalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezifweni ze-gynecological. Ngakho-ke, i-plantain isetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwama-mucous kanye nemisipha yesibeletho, futhi bayamisa ukopha kwesibeletho futhi kuqede ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwesibeletho. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile i-potency emadodeni. Enye i-plantain ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-jade, enisa kanye nohudo
IPlantain nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona imifantu noma ukusikeka izithende, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizoba nomthelela ekuphulukisweni kwabo okusheshayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukumiliselwa okulungiselelwe kusuka ku-plantain, kufanele kuhlanganiswe namanzi, okusetshenziselwa ukugeza izinyawo. Uma kukhona ama-scuffs nama-callus, khona-ke kulokhu kunconywa ukunamathisela amaqabunga amasha alesi sitshalo ezindaweni eziyinkinga ebusuku. Ngakusasa kakhulu, isikhumba esonakele kufanele sibuyiselwe.
I-Plantain nayo isetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngesandla. Ukusuka kulo ekhaya, ungapheka ukhilimu osebenza kahle onempahla yokupholisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlanganisa ibhotela lenkomo noma uju ne-infusion ye-plantain. Ijusi entsha etholakala kulesi sitshalo ilungele isikhumba esomile. Ngaphambi kokufaka ijusi esikhunjeni, kunconyelwa ukuyifaka emanzini ahlanzekile. Ukusuka kwisisombululo esiphumela, ungalungisa imaskhi yobuso, ngoba lokhu, uthele inani elidingekayo lesitashi engxube yejusi namanzi. Isisindo esikhona kufanele sisetshenziswe esikhunjeni sobuso futhi simelane nengxenye yesithathu ukuya kwengxenye yehora. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubuso bugezwa kahle ngamanzi apholile agobhozayo.
Amaqabunga amaqabunga alesi sitshalo aqukethe ama-flavonoid, i-proitamin A, i-ascorbic acid, i-Vitamin K, ama-enzyme, ama-polysaccharides, ama-uronic acid, ama-tannins kanye nolaka. Futhi imbewu ye-plantain ifaka owoyela abanamafutha, i-mucus, ama-carbohydrate, ama-amino acid, ne-oleanolic acid.
Kuqondiswe kubani?
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-plantain, isitshalo esisebenzayo esinezokwelapha, yona, njengazo zonke izitshalo zokwelapha, inezimpawu eziningi zokuphikisana. Ngakho-ke, amalungiselelo enziwe ngesisekelo se-plantain ayenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuyisa kubantu abaye bakhuphuka ekusithekeni kanye ne-acidity yejusi yesisu. Uma umuntu enyuse ukwanda kwegazi, izidakamizwa ezifanayo nazo zingamlimaza. Ngeke futhi zisetshenziswe yilabo abanokungabekezeleli komuntu ngakunye okwenziwa ngotshani. Ochwepheshe balule, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-psyllium okokuqala ekwelapheni noma yikuphi ukugula, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nochwepheshe ofanelekayo.
