Abakhethi bomushini abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi phakathi kwezipho zasehlathini kunezinhlobo ezinjalo ezingeke zilimaze, kepha ngeke zilethe injabulo. Sikhuluma ngamakhowe angenakuphikwa. Azinabo ubudlelwano bezinhlobo ezinoshevu, kepha futhi akunakwenzeka ukudla “isivuno” esinjalo. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amakhowe, i-pulp yawo engaqukethe ubuthi obuyingozi obangela ubuthi obukhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye inhlanganisela yezimpawu noma enye yazo:
- isakhiwo esiqinile kakhulu;
- ukunambitheka okungathandeki (amakhowe amaningi abuhlungu kakhulu);
- iphunga elinyanyekayo, okungenzeka ukuthi likhona ku-mushroom eluhlaza, noma libonakala lapho lilungiselela.
Ezinye izinhlobo, ngaphezu kwencazelo engenhla, zinokuhluma okubi ezigqokweni zazo.
Sikulethela uqaphele uhlu olufushane lwamakhowe angadumile owaziwa ngegama, incazelo nesithombe. Siyethemba ukuthi kuzosiza ukugwema amaphutha acasulayo futhi ukhethe amakhowe amnandi kakhulu.
Isakhamuzi sasehlathini elihlangene - ukugoqa
Amakhowe amakhowe angenye yezinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlukahluka kwazo kungadida nomuntu okhetha amakhowe onolwazi. Ngaphezu kobuthi obumnandi obudliwayo nobunobungozi, kukhona futhi izinhlu ezingafinyeleleki. Abadume kakhulu kubo yilaba:
- I-Ryadovka spruce. Ikhula ngamathanga omswakama weConifers kanye nezikhala. Isigqoko sincane, sifinyelela ku-10 cm ubukhulu, sifana nensimbi ekhanyayo onsundu ene-bulge encane phakathi nendawo. Ingaphezulu limbozwe izikali nemivimbo engabonakali kangako, futhi nezigqoko zamakhowe ezigcwele, ziveza ipulpula elinamanzi olunambitheko obukhali kakhulu nephunga elingathandeki. Umlenze uphakeme impela, ugobile, awunalutho ngaphakathi.
- I-Ryadovka isibabule-aphuzi. Kutholakala emahlathini aqobayo futhi anobuhlakani. Amakhowe amancanyana anezicucu eziyindilinga zombala wesibabule-ophuzi, ezindala ziqondaniswe, bese kwakhiwa ibhulashi enkabeni, umbala ube mnyama. Ngemuva kwemvula, isikhumba siqala ukugoba, kanti esimweni sezulu esomile kushelela, kube velvety. Umlenze ocwebezelayo engxenyeni engenhla uphuzi ngokugqamile, une-thickening noma ama-tiles, futhi eduze komhlabathi kuba mnyama kakhulu ngombala. Izinyawo zamakhowe amadala zihlotshiswe ngesikali esimnyama, kodwa hhayi njalo. Uginindela uluhlaza ophuzi, unephunga le-acetone, futhi umunyu.
Imigqa ye-spruce emincane ingadidaniswa nama-greenfinches ahlelekile anempilo, kepha, ngokungafani neyokuqala, imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikhula esiqwini esifushane esinamanzi kanti umbala ungaphansi kokuluhlaza.
Abanye ososayensi bathi umugqa we-spruce nowesibabule ophuzi unobuthi. Ngempela, uma uzidla ungathola inkinga yokudla okuncane, kepha inani elincane lobuthi ngokuvamile aliholeli ekufeni.
I-Russianula yinhle noma ukubukeka kuyakhohlisa
Phakathi kwama-russula owaziwa yibo bonke, amakhowe amaningi athathwa njengokudliwayo futhi okumnandi kakhulu, futhi abanye abakhiqizi bekhowe abayingozi bayawasebenzisa ngaphandle kokubilisa kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezinjalo phakathi kwabo ukuthi ngisho nomuntu odla kakhulu ngeke alinge ukunambitha, futhi isizathu ukunambitheka kwe-caustic.
Ama-russulas angabonakali, kodwa, amahle kakhulu ngokubukeka, afaka:
- I-Caustic (ibuye ihlanza noma i-caustic evuthayo). Emlenzeni omhlophe omhlophe, ongenalutho ngaphakathi, kunesigqoko esimnyama sepinki esinemiphetho elula, embozwe ngesikhumba esinamathelayo. Kukhona namakhowe anombala obomvu noma onsomi. Uginindela umhlophe, mncane futhi ungamafrimu, awunawo iphunga, kepha umunyu kakhulu.
- Kubomvu igazi (she is sonyonyx). Ibuye ibe nesigqoko esibomvu ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwalombala, kepha iyahluka emlenzeni opinki we-pink mejamo seklabhu noma isilinda. Imiphetho ye-cap is wavy kancane, isikhumba sicwebezelisiwe futhi singasuswa kalula. Ipulpiti imhlophe, iminyene, ibukhali ekunambithekeni futhi ayisho lutho.
- Iboshwe ngokucijile. I-mushroom ekhanyayo kakhulu futhi ebonakalayo, ngokuqinisekile engenakudluliswa: isigqoko sombala onsomi ojulile onsomi ngesikhungo esimnyama, i-convex yokuqala, bese idonswa. Umlenze obushelelezi upinki omnyama. Uginindela namapuleti aphuzi. Ukunambitheka ku-caustic kakhulu.
- I-Birch. Enye i-russula ebabayo kunazo zonke, ukunambitheka kwe-pungent ayinyamalali ngisho nangemva kokugcwala okungapheli. Kepha ubukeka muhle impela futhi unephunga elimnandi, njengezithelo, enothi lwenyosi. Umlenze umhlophe, isigqoko sithebekile, inyama ilula futhi ibuthaka.
Kokunambitha okubi ngisho
Abantu abaningi abaqala amakhowe bacabanga ukuthi bangaqoqa futhi badle yonke into ngokulandelana bese bezibuza ngobuqotho ukuthi kungani i-mushroom ebusayo ehlelelwe ngaphansi kwe-birch ibukeka imunyu. Lokhu kwenzeka uma uthola amakhowe obisi angenakonakala, abizwa nangokuthi abizwa ngokuthi abasebenza ngophuzo lwawo olune-viscous Milky oluthole ngesikhathi sekhefu.
Ama-lacticians angenakubalwa afaka:
- Ngobuhlakani. Ikhowe liphakathi nendawo nge-convex noma ngesigqoko esivulekile esinemiphetho engafani nalutho; umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokupinki kuye kube nsundu. Kumacabango amadala, izikali ezibomvu ezibukeka njengezikhala ezincane zivame ukwakheka ngaphezulu kwesigqoko. Umlenze oyize wombala ofanayo, ogobile, amapuleti aphuzi ngaphansi kwesigqoko ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile kuwo. Inyama yale amakhowa engashintshi iphuzi noma ithephu eluhlaza, ayinaphunga, kepha ibukhali kakhulu.
- Ixinile (iluhlaza grey noma imile). Igama liyahambisana nokubukeka: umlenze wokukhanya unamathela ezandleni zakho, ngaphezulu kuhlotshiswe ngotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza, noma ompunga, onamabala amnyama. I-Sticky nejusi elinama-milky, okuvela ekuqhekekeni kwe-pulpile ezintekenteke, emhlophe nebukhali, enephunga.
- I-Hepatic Amakhowe amancane apendwe ngokuphelele ngombala omuhle onsundu, isigqoko simise okokubukeka okuncane, abushelelezi. Inyama ibuye ibe nsundu, kepha ilula, icwengekile kakhulu, ayiphunga, i-ratid enyanyekayo.
- Uphuzi wegolide (akagolide). Isigqoko sinombala onsundu, obushelelezi, obomvana-golide ngombala, ngemivimbo emnyama noma amabala amnyama. Umlenze ulula kancane, okokuqala ube mnene, bese kuba mnyama. I-pulp nejusi kumhlophe, kepha phuzi lapho usikiwe. Akunalo iphunga elivimbayo, kepha amakhowe anambitha okumunyu kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwe-lactarius kufana nesafroni, kepha eyokugcina inejusi lewolintshi enokushintshwa ku-tint okuluhlaza okotshani.
- Grey-pink (aka amber noma roan). Isigqoko esimise okomshini womlenze kanye nomlenze zipendiwe njengombala opinki, eduze nsundu. Amapuleti amhlophe-apinki ngaphansi kwesigqoko ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile emlenzeni othambile. Isici esibonakalayo sesinkwa esinjalo siyiphunga elibi elingathandeki eliqhamuka kupulpiti ophuzi futhi lifana nokwehla noma i-chicory.
- I-Resin-black (aka tar). Isigqoko si-brown brown ne-velvety surface, cishe isicaba. Umlenze oqinile unesimo sesilinda esinwetshwe engxenyeni engenhla futhi simbozwe nge-fluff light. I-pulp nejusi kumhlophe, kepha phenduka upinki lapho usikiwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okumunyu, leli khowe likhiqiza iphunga elimnandi lezithelo.
Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, umuntu onamathela obisini ungowamakhowe anobuthi: inani elikhulu lobuthi lingadala ubuthi obukhulu.
Amakhowe amahle kodwa abuhlungu
Phakathi kwamakhowe amahle we-boletus kukhona "ama-comrade" lawo, noma ngemuva kokupheka isikhathi eside, angabi ukunambitha. Inyama yabo eminyene iqukethe umunyu omningi, okwenza kungabonakali ngokuphelele.
Amakhowe angenakubalwa afaka:
- Muhle (unyawo kahle noma umile ngonyawo). Umzimba we-mushroom ubonakala ezinhlotsheni futhi unenyama kakhulu, isigqoko sinsundu ngombala, simbozwe ngesikhumba esomile. Umlenze ubomvu okwe-pinkish ngokuphelele noma uphuzi ngenethi epinki. Inyama enomunyu iyaphenduka iblue lapho isikwa.
- I-Chunky (aka isongwe noma i-spongy ebabayo). Isigqoko esimise okomlilo sivele simhlophe, sibushelelezi, imvamisa ngemifantu. Umlenze onombala we-leemon onomugqa okhanyayo, eduze komhlabathi une-tuber thickening. Inyama ibuye ibephuzi, uma icindezelwa, iphenduka ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ibe nephunga, imunyu.
Umhlali we-metad chlorophyllum lead-slag
Le khowe elingabonakali eligama elinzima libukeka njengamambule, futhi ososayensi abathile bathi yizinhlobo ezinobuthi. Izici ezinobuthi ngokuphelele ze-lead-slag chlorophyllum azingafundwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke namanje kusabizwa ngokuthi amakhowe angenakonakala.
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokudla kungenzeka, kungcono ukungabeki engcupheni noma uthinte amakhowe ohlangane nawo lapho uhamba.
Amakhowe anesigqoko, njengesambulela. Ezimeni zakudala, kuyawa ngobuso, kepha ebusheni bakhe bunjengomfanekiso wensimbi. Isigqoko sipendwe ngombala ompunga, maphakathi neshubhu elincanyana, kumnyama. I-peel engaphezulu kwekholopholi ye-lead chlorophyllum isomile, nezinsalela zokubekwa kombhede. Umlenze omude mncane, umhlophe, kepha lapho wephulwe, uphenduka onsundu. Ku isikhunta esincane, sihlotshiswe ngendandatho ngaphezulu. Uginindela umhlophe, lapho uhlangana nomoya, uphenduka upinki.
Isithandwa esintekenteke se-stumps alder flake
Ezingxenyeni ezibolile zezinhlobo zezihlahla ekupheleni kwehlobo ungathola amakhowe amancane anamahlwili wenyama - i-alder flake. Isigqoko esimbala ophuzi phakathi nendawo sinombala omnyama, futhi emaphethelweni - izinsalela zokubekwa kombhede. Umlenze onsundu kuqala unamarhe, kepha bese ubushelelezi. Inyama ephuzi iphuka kalula futhi imunca kakhulu.
Ngemibala evuthayo, amakhowe abizwa nangokuthi i-alder ognevka.
I-Earthikazi Gebeloma izimpande
Yebo, awukwazi ukuyixubanisa namanye amakhowe, yi-goebeloma ebunjiwe ngezimpande, futhi konke ngenxa yokuthi umlenze wayo omude ompunga, owembozwe isikali esincane esinsundu, ufihlwe emhlabathini. Kepha isigqoko sincane impela, okokuqala ngqa, sabe sesakhiwe. Isikhumba sikhanyile, sitini esikhanyayo, esinamazinga okufika. Inyama ye-hebeloma encane imnandi, kepha-ke ubumnandi buyashiya, bube ubumunyu. Akanayo kabili, ngoba ukunambitheka kwayo ekudleni akudliwanga.
Amakhowe amancane kunazo zonke - inyama eyi-ascokorin
Izimbali ezinsundu ezinsomi ezimpunga ze-Violet onsundu ezihlahleni naseziqwini, kuvela ukuthi zingamakhowe abizwa nangokuthi inyama eyi-ascocorin. Ngempela, ngombala zifana nenyama entsha. Amakhowe ngokwawo mancane kakhulu, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1,2 cm, ekuqaleni akhula ngawodwana, kepha asheshe ahlangane ekhaphethini eliqinile. Isimo se-mushroom esidala sehlukile: singaba nesicoco enkabeni sesigqoko esikhanyayo noma sibe yi-convex. Umndeni omkhulu wamakhowe ongenakufinyeleleka, i-ascocorinus, okhula esihlahleni, ubukeka njengengxenyana enezithelo eziningi, "nesitezi" ngasinye esilandelayo sikhula sibe esedlule. Ukhunta futhi unemilenze, kepha mancane kakhulu, angaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi 1. Yize inyama yamakhowe ingenawo ukunambitheka okumunyu noma iphunga elingajabulisi, zithathwa njengezingenakubalwa ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, okunzima kakhulu ukucubungula ngaphambi kokupheka.
Ukuya ehlathini, khumbula - ubuhle bangaphandle bumsungulo bungakhohlisa, futhi bunikeze usizi okungenani. Tadisha ngokucophelela izithombe zamakhowe angenakungena akhethwe kumbhalo ngaphambi kohambo. Qikelela futhi ukhethe ngokucophelela ama-amakhowe adliwayo kuphela, futhi ngokungabaza okuncane kungcono ukubuyela ekhaya ungenalutho kunokuletha isimanga esingathandeki. Iba "ukuzingela" okuhle!
