Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izinsuku zokutshala i-dahlia zenzeka kuphela lapho ukusongela okuncane kakhulu kwama-frost okubuyela emuva kunyamalala. Kepha ukulungiselela ukufika kwabo kuqala kudala ngaphambi kukaMeyi-Juni. Ukuqala kokusebenza nama-rhizomes of ubusika be-dahlias kuma-storages kuyahlangana nokuqala komsebenzi wasentwasahlobo osebenzayo. Ukulungiselela kahle izinto zokutshala zokuqhakaza ngempumelelo kwezimbali nokugcina impilo yezitshalo ibalulekile njengokulungiselela indawo yokutshala. Ukuze ama-dahlias aqhakaze, ama-rhizomes awo adinga ukuvuswa kusengaphambili, futhi inqubo yokutshala ngokwayo idinga izici ezithile, ukunemba nokunakekelwa.
Ukutshala i-dahlia.
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo nge dahlias
Ama-Dahlias aphakathi kwezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ze-tuber kanye nesinye sokwenza okukhulu ekwindla okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwengadi. Kodwa ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule izinkanyezi zikanokusho kuphela ngokumba kwazo ebusika. Isidingo sokugcina izitshalo zingaphakathi endlini futhi ukutshala nokumba ama-rhizomes minyaka yonke kuyinani elincane kangako lokuqhakaza kwazo okunethezeka. Kepha ukutshala noma ukumba lezi zitshalo ezikhulayo i-dahlias akuhlisiwe.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu lokunakekelwa kwe-dahlias. Noma ngabe i-Rhizomes hibernate, idinga ukunakekelwa: ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ukwenqatshwa, ukulwa nezilonda, ukulungiswa kwesikhashana kwezimo zokuboshwa - lezi yizinyathelo zokubonga lapho i-dahlias ingalindela isizini entsha.
Ebusika, zihlolwa kaningi njengesitshalo esigciniwe. Ingozi ethile isikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo kwentwasahlobo, lapho izinguquko emazingeni okushisa, izinga lomswakama, ukuguquguquka kwezimo kuvame ukuholela engcupheni eyandayo yokulimala kwama-rhizomes ngezifo zokukhunta noma ukuhluma kwazo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izigaba eziphambili zokulungiselela i-dahlia yokwakha
Ukulungiselela kokuqala kwe-dahlia yokutshala kuyisethi yezinyathelo ezivumela izitshalo ukuzivumelanisa nokuqukethwe okufudumele futhi kusebenze izinqubo zokukhula nokuthuthuka. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obuthambile, asikho isidingo sokumila ngama-rhizomes, kepha emgqeni ophakathi nendawo awunakukwenza ngaphandle kwawo.
Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwentwasahlobo nokuhluma, isikhathi sokukhula kwe-dahlia asiqali ngesikhathi sokutshala, kodwa emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, isikhathi sokulinda izimbali sincishisiwe futhi isikhathi siyanda lapho kungajatshulelwa kuze kufike lapho kubanda khona ekwindla.
Ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo ka-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kubandakanya izigaba eziningana:
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-dahlia kube yizimo lapho izohluma khona;
- Ukuhlola kanye nokusebenza kwama-rhizomes;
- Ukuhluma kwama-dahlia rhizomes ngaphambi kokutshala;
- Ilungiselela ukufika.
Isikhathi esifanele sokuhluma
Ukuhluma kwi-dahlias kuthatha isikhathi esifushane. Ukufinyelela esigabeni sokuthuthuka lapho izitshalo zidinga ukuthululiselwa enhlabathini, izinsuku eziyi-10-15 zanele. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, bakhetha isikhathi sokuqala sokulungiselela kwentwasahlobo - izinsuku eziyi-14 - 20 ngaphambi kosuku okulindelwe ngalo.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, ukuhluma kuthathwa njengento efanelekile ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noMeyi (uma abalimi bengakulungele ukukhosela i-dahlias ekutshalweni kwangaphambilini). Lapho isimo sezulu sincanyana, kuqala ama-dahlia rhizomes aqala ukuvuka.
ENingizimu, ukuqala kokulungiselela kwe-dahlia ngokutshala kungahlehliswa kuze kufike izinsuku ezingama-6- 6 ngaphambi kokutshala, bese iphuzu lesithathu - ukuhluma - lisuswa ezinhlelweni, kushiya kuphela ukucacisa, ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kuqala.
Kuyadingeka ukuzulazula ekukhetheni izinsuku zokuhluma ngokuya ngesimo sezinambuzane: lapho ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuvuvukala, awukwazi ukungabaza futhi uqhubeke nokugcina ama-dahlias ebumnyameni nasebandayo, ngoba amahlumela azoba buthaka kakhulu futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuwagcina kuze kube sekutshaleni.
Uma izimpawu zokuvuka zivame ukubonakala kuma-rhizomes ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, kufanele zilungele ukutshala okungenani emabhokisini noma ezitsheni.
Izici zokuvuka kwe-dahlias ethengiwe
Isikhathi kulula ukusilawula lapho usebenzisa ama-dahlias akho, ahlolwa phakathi nobusika. Uma uthenga izinhlobo ezintsha, khona-ke ama-rhizomes kufanele afunwe kuphela kusukela eshumini lesibili noma sesithathu sika-Ephreli, ukuze ukwazi ukufeza ukulungiselela ngokugcwele kokutshala.
Ukuthenga i-dahlias ngaphambili, kunengozi ephezulu yokungazigcini izitshalo kuze kufike isikhathi esifanele. Lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala, kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezisezindaweni ezishisayo: noma yiziphi izimpawu mayelana nokuqala kokukhula, ukulahleka kwezicubu zomzimba noma ukubukeka kwamahlumela kungathandeki. Ukuthengwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivusiwe kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi izitshalo zingase zingasindi ekutshaleni, ngeke zitholakale ngenxa yobuthakathaka babo.
Izimbali dahlia.
Isikhathi sokuguqula ngaphambi kokuhluma kwe-dahlia
Njengasiphi isitshalo sengadi ebusika ebusika hhayi emhlabathini, kepha ngaphakathi, ngama-dahlias, noma iziphi izinguquko ezisheshayo ezimweni nomehluko kufanele zigwenywe. Njengama-cadre exotic, ama-dahlias azodinga "ukuhlala yedwa" - isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nendawo eshintshayo - ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhluma kwentwasahlobo. Kuliqiniso, amaviki ambalwa aphelelwe ngumbuzo: izinsuku ezimbalwa zanele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Lapho udlulisa ama-rhizomes we-dahlias ekushiseni nasekukhanyeni, izitshalo kufanele zishiywe izinsuku ezingama-2-3 emazingeni okushisa aphakathi. Lokhu kwanele ukuvikela ukwehla okushisa okubukhali nokunciphisa izingozi.
Ukuguquguqulwa kuzimo eziguqukayo kuyadingeka kuphela uma umehluko phakathi kokushisa kwesitoreji nokuvuka kwentwasahlobo ulingana noma weqa ama-degree ayi-10.
Ukuhlolwa ngemuva kokuqeda ubusika nokwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuphumula okuphelele, ngaphambi kokususwa kwama-rhizomes nokukhuthaza ukuvusa, kubalulekile ukunakekela izindlela zokuhlanzeka, uhlolisise izitshalo ngokucophelela futhi uvikele ukusakazeka kokubola noma izifo. Lolu luhlobo lokuqapha kokugcina lwezinto zokutshala - ukuhlolwa okuningana, okufana nalokho okwakumelwe kwenziwe esikhathini sonke sasebusika.
Into esemqoka ekwelapheni i-dahlia rhizomes ngemuva kobusika ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokususwa kwayo yonke indawo eyonakalisiwe, efile, eyomile, amabala asolisayo nezimpande ezingakhiqizi (ezahlukanisiwe, ezixhuma kwi-rhizome esemqoka kuphela nezimpande ezacile ze-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphandle kwamahlumela okukhula). Ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma izinqubo zenhlanzeko bezingenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sezimpande ze-dahlia, ukubona izilonda ezincane, kungcono ukuhlamba yonke into yokutshala.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali ukuncipha izicubu ezomile noma ezilimele. Ngokuqondene nama-bulbs, izihlahla azenziwa hhayi kwizicubu ezinempilo, kepha ngokuthwebula ingxenye ethile yezendlalelo ezijwayelekile.
Qedela inqubo yokuhlanza nokulungiselela nge-prophylactic etching kusisombululo sokubulala isikhunta. Nge-dahlias, isisombululo esilula se-potanganum permanganate ene-1% siphelele. Rhizomes cwilisa yonke into ngokuphelele (isigamu sehora).
Uma ufuna ukusabalalisa i-dahlias, ivuselele, ikhuphule izimbali ezihlahleni ezindala, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuthola isifo magciwane, ama-rhizomes ahlukaniswe. Izandla noma ngommese izindawo ezihlukanisiwe nezinso ezi-1-2, kuzovela kuzo iziqu ezinamandla. Zonke izigaba ziphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni futhi zomile.
Funda imininingwane yethu enemininingwane: Ungayihlukanisa kanjani kahle i-dahlia rhizomes?
Ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa dahlia.
Ihluma uDahlia
Labo abatshala i-dahlias ezifundeni ezinobusika obumnene akudingeki ukuba bahlume noma bavuse izitshalo (ama-rhizomes) ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, izitshalo zifakwa emabhokisini abanzi “aphefumulayo” futhi zigcinwa engadini kuze kube yilapho zitshala phakathi nosuku, zibavumela ukuba bajwayele amazinga okushisa futhi bazivikele ekuqothulweni ngamakhaza ubusuku bonke ngokuzifaka egumbini. I-moisturizing yesikhathi, evimbela izitshalo ukuthi zome, konke okudingwa yi-rhizomes.
Ukuvuka kwama-rhizomes we-dahlia ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima akuyona inqubo enzima kunazo zonke, kepha kuthatha isikhathi nokubekezela. Ukuhluma kwangaphambili kuvumela ama-dahlias ukuthi aqale ukukhula ngokushesha, aqinise futhi aqinise, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi ekuvumelaniseni kokuqala. Kepha into esemqoka ukuthi ifushanisa isikhathi sokukhula “ngokudlulisela” isigaba sayo sokuqala (ukuhluma kokuqala) okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini.
Inketho elula kakhulu yokuhluma ukugcwalisa amabhokisi noma iziqukathi ngesendlalelo esiphansi sendawo yonke, uyithambise bese usabalalisa ama-dahlia rhizomes ngaphezulu ukuze kube nokucaca okwanele phakathi kwawo, bese ufafaza izithonjana phezulu ngenhla ye-sawdust, i-peat noma enye into engenhla yokukuvikela.
Ungathatha isinyathelo lula - qala ngokubeka ama-rhizomes e-dahlia ezitsheni ezinempande yentamo phezulu, bese ugcwalisa inhlabathi phakathi kwawo. I-Peat, i-sawdust, isihlabathi noma i-substrate ekhanyayo ye-moisten ngemuva kwenqubo yokugcwalisa. Isendlalelo sokumboza kufanele sishiye ngaphezulu kwe-substrate noma sawdust kanye nentambo yezimpande, kanye nokuqhakaza kokukhula, kanye nengxenye ye-rhizome.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezifakiwe, ezomisiwe ze-dahlia zifafazwa cishe ngokuphelele futhi zilondoloze umswakama ozinzile ukuze kufezekiswe zombili izitshalo zokuvuka nokubuyiselwa kwe-tuber turgor endaweni enomswakama ngokwengeziwe. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimanzi zitshalwa kangcono esihlabathini noma sawdust. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezomile kakhulu zingafakwa emanzini amahora angama-10-12 ngaphambi kokuzitshala ukuhluma.
Ama-Dahlias agcwele emabhokisini agcinwa efudumele emazingeni okushisa angaba ngama-20 degrees. Ukukhanyisa okuhle kuzodingeka kuma-dahlias ekuhlumeni kuphela lapho amahlumela eqala ukuvela. Sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, umswakama okhanyayo ugcinwa ngokufafaza njalo, okunembile. Ngezinsuku ezinhle, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zomgogodla kufanele zenziwe lukhuni engadini, zithwele amabhokisi noma iziqukathi zomoya omusha.
Uma kungekho ithuba lokubeka amabhokisi anama-rhizomes, khona-ke ukuhluma kwenziwa emiseleni, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo ezishisayo, ezikhwameni ezihlukile, kuthululelwa ngokhuni noma ngesihlabathi.
Ukuhluma kwe-dahlias kudinga ukuqashelwa ngokucophelela. Ezitshalweni, udinga ukusula ngokushesha iziqu ezengeziwe, ungashiyi amahlumela ama-3 aqinile kwisitshalo ngasinye. Ngaphambi kokutshala, amahlumela kufanele akhule ngo-4-5 cm ubude. Ukuphakama okukhulu kwamahlumela kungama-10 cm.
Uma esigabeni sokuhluma siphuma, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha ithuba ngokwenza ukutshala kwasekuqaleni nendawo yokukhosela kunokulahlekelwa izitshalo ezintekenteke. Kungenzeka unciphise ukukhula kwamahlumela ngokuhamba kweziqukathi ezinama-rhizomes ezimweni ezipholile (ubuncane obuvumelekile buyi-12 degrees Celsius).
Ukuhlwitha kumele kwenziwe kuyo yonke inhlama yokuhluma. Okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo kufanele zikhiphe umoya omusha.
I-Dahlias embhedeni wezimbali ngemuva kokutshala.
Izimfihlo Zokutshala I-Dahlia
Ukukhethwa kwezimo ezintofontofo nakho akubalulekile njengokuhlangabezana nezinsuku zokufika. AmaDahlias atshalwe ezindaweni ezinamakhaza, ezifudumele, ezinelanga, ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona umoya omkhulukazi, kepha futhi akukho moya onamandla. Bayasaba ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi nokuqina kwamanzi, bangakubekezeleli ukujikijelana. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yondlekile, ephezulu, ingathathi hlangothi, i-loamy noma i-sandy loam enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo.
AmaDahlias awatshali endaweni efanayo iminyaka emibili ilandelana.
Indawo yokutshala i-dahlia kumele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Bumba inhlabathi kabili - ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Umanyolo we-organic, umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, futhi, uma kunesidingo, izengezo zokuvula zengezwa emhlabathini noma ngaphambi kokutshala noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Okukhethwa kukho kokugcina kungcono, ikakhulukazi uma inhlabathi incishisiwe. Imvamisa kuyanconywa ukuthi ama-dahlias asebenzise umquba obolile noma umquba, i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate kanye nomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali. Ukwengezwa komlotha wezinkuni kukhulisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezimweni ezingathandeki.
Ekwindla yokumba, izinto ze-organic, umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus zengezwa, entwasahlobo - yinkimbinkimbi noma i-nitrogen nomlotha wezinkuni. Umthamo we-Fertilizer - 10-15 kg wezinto eziphilayo kanye no-1 isipuni salowo nalowo manyolo wamaminerali kwimitha ngayinye yesikhula.
Isikhathi sokutshala i-dahlia sincike ngqo kwisimo sezulu. Zingatshalwa emhlabathini kuphela uma isimo sezulu esifudumele esimisiwe sesisunguliwe bese ikhefu lishiyile. Izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi nosuku ngesikhathi sokutshala i-dahlia kufanele ligcinwe uphawu oluzinzile lwama-degrees angama-14-16, futhi inhlabathi kufanele ifudumale ekujuleni kwama-25-30 cm.
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, ikakhulukazi kulayini ophakathi nendawo, ukufika kenziwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni. AmaDahlias angatshalwa ngoMeyi, kepha amafridi okubuya amafushane, izitshalo zizodinga ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana. Kungcono ukuqeda ukutshala phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi, ngoba kamuva ama-dahlias atshalwe, isikhathi esifushane sezimbali sizoba. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obuthambile, ukutshala kwe-dahlia kuqala kusuka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli futhi kuqhubeke konke ngoMeyi.
Umthetho oyinhloko wokutshala i-dahlia ukunemba. Intamo yezimpande futhi ihluma kuma-tubers izimpande kulula ukuyilimaza, izitshalo zidinga ukufakwa ngokucophelela nokulawulwa kwezinga lokungena. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukuthi ngqo ama-rhizomes azofakwa kanjani hhayi ukubenza balimale ngokungadingekile, hhayi ukuthi baphuthume noma kuphi futhi bangakhombisi budedengu.
Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokutshala i-dahlia:
- Kwizitshalo, bamba imigodi yokufika ngakunye, izimbobo zokujula kangokuthi i-rhizome engene ngokujulile ibabukele ngaphandle kokulimala. Imvamisa, lapho betshala i-dahlia, bmba izithombo zokutshala ezijulile ngo-40 cm. Ibanga lezitshalo ezingomakhelwane naphakathi kwamasethi libalwa ngokuya ngobude obulinganiselwe besihlahla. Ibanga elijwayelekile lisuka ku-30 liye ku-80 cm.
- Uma inhlabathi ingakenziwa ngcono ngaphambi kwesikhathi, umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral oxutshwe nenhlabathi ufakwa ezansi kwemithombo (1 isipuni samanyolo agcwele wamaminerali, umlotha omncane odonsa cishe ingxenye yesithathu yebhakede lomquba). Baxubene nenhlabathi futhi babekwe emgodini wokufika.
- Uma izinhlobo ezinde nezinsakazayo zikhulile, izixhaso ze garter dahlias zifakwe ngokuthembekile emgodini. Ukusekelwa kungafakwa ngaphambi kokufika kuphela, ngakho-ke noma ngabe ngokungabaza isidingo sayo, kungcono ukufaka isikhonkwane kusengaphambili.
- Izimbobo zokufakelwa ziniselwa kakhulu.
- Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlumayo zisuswa ngokucophelela emabhokisini bese zifakwa ngokucophelela emgodini, zizama ukulungiswa nokuhlelwa kwentamo yezimpande. Zigcwalisa inhlabathi, zigcobhoza ngobumnene bezungeza ama-rhizomes, kepha zingalali entanyeni yezimpande. Ibanga ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande kuya endizeni yenhlabathi kufanele lisuke ku-2-3 cm liye ku-5-6 cm. AmaDahlias ahlala etshalwe ngokujula okuncane, okuvumela ukubekezelela ukupholisa ekwindla futhi kuqinise ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa.
- Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziboshwe ngokusekelwa futhi zifeze ukuthambisa okuningi. Ukuze kube lula futhi usatshalaliswe ngempumelelo komswakama ozungeze umgodi wokufika dala umgodi wokunisela (ohlangothini).
Ama-dahlias atshaliwe, kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi ozinzile, okhanyayo. Izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe njalo ukunxephezela isikhathi sesomiso. Njengoba inhlabathi ihlanganisiwe, idedelwa ngokucophelela. Kusuka emavikini okuqala emva kokutshala, kufanele ubheke ngokushesha ukukhula kwezokhula uvikele ukukhula kwazo.
Ukufaka umquba kuqala ngemuva kokuba izitshalo ziqale ukukhula ngokugcwele - hhayi ngaphambi kwesonto ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuqhakaza amahlumela angeziwe, ukucindezelwa, ukulawula inani leziqu kuzokuvumela ukuba uthole izimbali eziningi. AmaDahlias aboshwe lapho ekhula, enoxha lwamahhala wezinto ezithambile.
Ingabe ukhula i-dahlias engadini yakho? Ngabe ubalungiselela kanjani ukufika emhlabeni? Yabelana ngesipiliyoni sakho esikhulayo se-dahlia kumazwana endatshana.
