Izivakashi zasehlathini

Kuyalingwa kakhulu ukuba ne-brown boletus ne-boletus, chanterelles kanye nama-porcini amakhowe engadini yakho, namakhowe e-saffron. Futhi kungokoqobo impela. Kudingeka isimo esisodwa kuphela - ukuze uzungu lube ne-birch noma i-spruce, uphayini noma i-oki. Yize kunjalo, lawo makhowe ahambisana kakhulu nezimpande zezihlahla futhi ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwawo akakhuli.

I-Boletus edulis (Boletus edulis)

Lapho ukhetha amakhowe amahlathi wokutshala engadini, okokuqala udinga ukugxila kulokho kwezihlahla zakho esizeni sakho. Uma kuyi-birch, lapho-ke ungakhulisa i-boletus, i-boletus, ifomu le-birch le-cep. Uma kuyi-spruce, lapho-ke udinga ukunikela ukukhetha ku-spruce mushroom noma ku-spruce mushroom of porcini mushroom. I-chanterelle ikhula ngalezi zihlahla zombili ezi-conifuras futhi eziqinile, futhi i-oiler yegolide ephuzi, njengokusho kwegama, ikhula kuphela ngezinhlamvu.

Kungani amakhowe asehlathini enobudlelwano obusondelene kangaka nesihlahla? Iqiniso ngukuthi, igoqa izimpande zayo futhi ingena ngisho nangamaseli, i-mycelium yakha uhlobo lwenkimbinkimbi - impande yesikhunta, noma i-mycorrhiza. Ngakho-ke igama labo - isikhunta se-mycorrhizal.

I-Mycorrhiza iyi-typiosis eyinkimbinkimbi yezihlahla nezihlahlana ezinezikhowe, ayixazululwa ngokuphelele. Kungakho sisafundile ukuthi ungawathola kanjani amakhowe wehlathi ezimweni zokufakelwa. Kodwa-ke, usengabathuthela engadini yakho, futhi abatshali bama-amateur asebeqongelele ulwazi olwanele kulokhu. Izindlela ezihlolwe kakhulu zokukhula kwe-ceps, ngakho-ke sizokhuluma ngabo ngemininingwane eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amakhowe amahlathi ofuna ukuwabona engadini yakho angatshalwa ngendlela efanayo.

I-Symbiosis yesihlahla enesikhunta - Mycorrhiza (Symbiosis ngesihlahla ukhunta - mycorrhiza)

Ukutshala amakhowe.

Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi i-mushroom yethu ethandekayo ye-porcini, kuya ngokuthi yi-mycorrhiza enomuthi onjani, inezindlela eziyi-18. Zingahlukaniswa ngombala wesigqoko. Isibonelo, ngefomu le-birch, licwebecwebe noma libe nsundu. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza izithelo yihlathi le-birch ngesembozo somhlabathi esihlanganisiwe. Futhi ehlathini likaphayini noma likaphayini elinesigqoko esibomvu esinsundu-ngokubomvu kanye nomlenze obukhulu kakhulu, izihlahla zikaphayini lapho kukhula khona amagwegwe, i-heather noma i-lichen. Lokhu kufanele futhi kubhekwe lapho ukhetha amakhowe we-porcini ngesakhiwo sengadi.

Njengoba sesishilo, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuzalela amakhowe we-porcini, ake siqale ngezakudala.

Indlela yokuqala.

Amakhowe agqitshiwe afakwe ezitsheni zokhuni futhi athululelwa ngamanzi emvula. Imela cishe usuku, bese uvusa, uhlunge ngendwangu engandile. Ukufakwa okuholele ezinenqwaba zezikhunta kwathela inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla kusuka esiqwini kuya emngceleni womqhele. Le ndlela ihlolwe ngempumelelo ngumlobi engadini yakhe, lapho kukhula khona ama-birches amaningi aneminyaka engu-25 ubudala.

Ngale ndlela, ochwepheshe bathi iminyaka emnandi kunazo zonke yezihlahla yokukhula amakhowe amahlathi we-mycorrhizal ngaphansi kwawo isukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kwengama-30.

I-Boletus edulis (Boletus edulis)

Indlela yesibili.

Lapho amakhowe adingekayo akhula khona, bhala ngokucophelela izingcezu ezincane (kusuka ebhokisini lomdlalo) izingcezu ze-mycelium. Engadini, babekwa ngokucophelela emigodini engashoni, embozwe ngombhede wamaqabunga abolile noma izinaliti futhi oswakanyiswe kancane (kepha awunamanzi!). Uma isimo sezulu sesomile, indawo yokukhosela ivame ukufafazwa kancane kancane ukuze umhlabathi ongezansi umanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Izingcezu ze-mycelium zitshalwa ngokuzungeza umqhele wobude obuyi-1.5-3 m ukusuka esiqwini.

Indlela yesithathu.

Kuqukethe ngokusebenzisa izingcezu zezigqoko zamakhowe avuthiwe. Kungenzeka kube nezinketho ezihlukile.

I-boletus ejwayelekile (i-Birch ibolile)

Inketho yokuqala.

Ngaphansi kwezihlahla, izingcezu zezigqoko zamakhowe asanda kuvuthwa zibekwe embhedeni okhululekile wamaqabunga abolile noma izinaliti. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, ziyasuswa, bese udoti uswakanyiswe. Izingcezu ezomile zezigqoko zingasetshenziswa. Kulokhu, sezivele zibekwe ngaphansi k udoti.

Inketho yesibili.

Kumakhowe e-porcini avuthiwe, ingxenye yeshubhu ye-cap ihlukaniswe, ichotshozwe izingcezu kuze kufike ku-2 cm, yomiswa amahora angama-1.5-2, ihlangana ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwalokho, nge-spatula yokhuni, baphakamisa ingxenye engenhla yezinaliti noma amaqabunga abolile abelele ngaphansi kwesihlahla, babeke izingcezu ezingama-2-3 zamakhowe lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho i-coniferous noma i-sheet udoti ihlanganisiwe futhi iniselwa ngokucophelela.

I-Lubricator (Suillus)

Ngazo zonke lezi zindlela, ngonyaka olandelayo kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe amakhowe ambalwa. Ngemuva komunye unyaka, ungabheka isivuno esicebile. Vele, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kanye nethonya lezinye izinto ezingabaliwe, futhi esivame ukusazi kithi, kungahle kube nezingqinamba. Kepha akufanele badideke abakhiqizi bamakhowe ama-amateur, ikakhulukazi ngoba ama-mushroom akhulayo awadingi izindleko ezibonakalayo, ngaphandle kwakho, kuleli cala, hhayi amakhulu kakhulu, umsebenzi.

Uma ugobe luncane futhi kuphela izihlahla zezithelo ezikhula lapho, lezi zindlela ezifanayo zingatshalwa ehlathini eliseduze noma emithini lapho kukhona khona amaphayinaphula, okhalweni, oki noma emifantwini eneminyaka eyi-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Ngasikhathi sinye, futhi udinga ukukhetha indawo efana nokuthi indawo yokutshala yathathwa kuphi (ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi, izinhlobo zezihlahla, uhlobo lwendawo engaphansi, ikhava yotshani).

Ukutshala kwama-mushroom owudalile, osehlathini eliseduze, ngeke kukuvunyelwe kuphela ukuletha ekhaya ibhasikidi eligcwele lamakhowe akhethiwe isizini yonke, kodwa futhi kuzosiza ukwandisa izindawo lapho zikhula khona. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi bahlala behla, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamadolobha. Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo zomlobi omangalisayo waseRussia u-A.S. Aksakov, maphakathi nekhulu le-19, ngokwesibonelo, baxosha imithwalo yezimoto, manje sebehamba nebhasikidi elilodwa kuphela.

Lapho kukhula amakhowe amahlathi, ungakhohlwa umthetho oyinhloko - kudingeka atshalwe kuphela ngaphansi kwesihlahla saleso zinhlobo, eduze nalapho kuthathwa khona amakhowe noma amakhowe ukuze kutyalwe, njengoba laba bantu basehlathini benamathele kakhulu komakhelwane besihlahla.

I-Chanterelle vulgaris, noma yangempela (Cantharellus cibarius)

Esigcini

Amakhowe ashisayo anosawoti.

Amakhowe ePorcini, i-boletus, i-boletus, izimvemvane, ama-chanterelles, amakhowe ahlanzwa kaningi ngamanzi abandayo. Amanzi athululelwa epanini ngesilinganiso senkomishi eyodwa nge-1 kg yamakhowe, uthele usawoti (1 isipuni nge-1 litre lamanzi) futhi, ngemuva kwamanzi abilayo, amakhowe. Ngesikhathi sokupheka, susa igwebu, engeza izinongo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20, baphonswa ku-colander, selehlile, ibekwe emgqonyeni noma epanini, ifafazwe ngamakha, bese ivalwa ngombuthano ngokucindezela okukhanya. Gcina endaweni ebandayo. Amakhowe ngeke alunge ngaphambi kwenyanga.

Imikhiqizo: ama-10 kg amakhowe, ama-500 g kasawoti, amakhasi angu-40 of pepper omnyama, amaqabunga e-bay, ama-clove kanye nama-inflorescence e-dill ukunambitha.

Amakhowe asongwe anosawoti.

Amakhowe, amadlingozi, ama-russule athululelwa ngamanzi abandayo futhi abekwe endaweni epholile yosuku. Ngemuva kwalokho amanzi ayakhishwa, amakhowe alungiselelwe agxotshwe ngamanzi, abekwe ezingxenyeni ezingxenyeni, athulule ngalinye ngosawoti nezinongo, kuvalwe ngomjikelezo wokucindezelwa futhi kugcinwe endaweni epholile. Amakhowe azobe eselungile ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5.