I-Gloxinia, omunye wabameli abahle kakhulu bomndeni wamaGesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae), eYurophu imbali ye-gloxinia yaqala ukukhiqizwa ekhaya ngengxenye yesibili yekhulu le-19. Isitshalo esidabuka emahlathini emvula akude kweBrazil. Igama le-botanical le-gloxinia yi-hybrid sinningia (Sinningia hybrida).
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Ubuhle bezindawo ezishisayo butholile ukuhlonipha uWilliam Sinning, umlimi waseBoston University "owathandana" nembali futhi wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekukhetheni kanye nasekuhlanganiseni kabusha. Igama elithi Gloxinia livela kwigama lesiGerman elithi "Glocke", elihumusha njengensimbi. Ngempela, ukuma kwezimbali zesitshalo kufana kakhulu nezinsimbi.
I-Gloxinia-sinningia iyisitshalo sangemuva esidonsa esinesiqu esifushane esinamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza velvety. Izimbali, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zibunjiwe njengensimbi futhi ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene nemibala ehlukahlukene.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-gloxinia zinesicucu esikhanyayo, esivelele engaphakathi kwezimbali, kanti ezinye simangala ngobuhle bazo obungenamikhawulo imbali edwetshwe ngombala ohlukile. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, i-gramophone yezimbali ingaba lula noma kabili.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-Gloxinia
IGloxinia iyisitshalo esingamisi futhi ngisho nomtshali ongenalwazi angayikhulisa. Imbali ithanda ukukhanya okuningi, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ngoba ingadala ukushiswa kwamaqabunga. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kungama-degree angama-18- 21 ehlobo namadigri ayi-10 ebusika.
I-Gloxinia lapho isuka ekhaya lapho isaba khona kakhulu “ngokufafaza” nokufafazwa. Ukusuka ekutholeni amanzi emaqabunga akhe ngesikhathi sokufafaza, kungabonakala amabala amnyama nokubola emaqabungeni nasezimbali.
Ukuqinisekisa umswakama odingekayo, izitshalo zibekwa emgqonyeni wamatshe agxotshwe emanzini. Amanzi azoshintsha futhi azoncibilikisa umoya eduze kwezimbali.
Ukunisela i-Gloxinia
I-Gloxinia ithelwa ngamanzi athambileko afudumeleko ukuze angawi emaqabungeni noma ezimbalini. Ungathela amanzi epanini bese ushiya izitshalo ukuthi "ziphuze" isigamu sehora. Amanzi asele ngemuva kwenqubo esekhishiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, i-gloxinia iniselwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula - hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga. Lapho unisela imbali ye-gloxinia, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awukho umswakama owedlulele, ngoba lesi sitshalo singabola futhi sife.
Isikhathi sokuphumula seGloxinia
I-Gloxinia ijabulisa ukuqhakaza kwayo kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, bese kuba nesikhathi sokuphumula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingxenye yesitshalo iyafa kanti nezilimo eziyizigaxa “zilala” izinyanga eziningana (3-4). Ngemuva kokufa okuphelele kwengxenye ephezulu yesitshalo, iyanqunywa, ishiye cishe 1 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
Izimbiza ezinezilimo eziyizigaxa "ezilele" zihlelwe kabusha endaweni eyomile, emnyama futhi epholile, iqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile ngaphandle. Ngokulandelana, ngezikhathi ezithile wanisela. Awukwazi ukuzikhipha izitshalo, kodwa mane uzigcwalise ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngesendlalelo esikhulu sesihlabathi esihlanzekile nesomile bese ushiya egumbini.
Abanye abatshali bezimbali, ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-2-2 emva kokushona kwezingxenye zasemoyeni, bambe nezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi, lapho sebezihlanze ngezimpande ezifile, bazigcine nge-sawdust noma i-peat endaweni emnyama epholile. Ama-Tubers ahlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ome noma umswakama ophezulu, osuswa njengoba kudingeka.
I-Gloxinia ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuphumula
I-Gloxinia iqala ukuvuka ndawo ndawo ngoJanuwari-Mashi. Uma imbali ibanda ebhodweni, iyambiwa, ihlanzwe inhlabathi, bese kususwa nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesifo nezomile. Uma kutholakala amabala abolile, anqunywa ngommese obukhali, afafazwe ngocezu lwamalahle oluyimpuphu. Ngemuva kwalezi zinqubo, ishubhu lishiywa usuku ukuze lome.
I-Gloxinia yokutshala tuber
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-gloxinia tuber, kungakuhle ukuwucwilisa imizuzu engama-30 kusisombululo se-ejenti ye-fungicidal (ngokwesibonelo, iFunzadol, iMaxim) noma isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ngombala omnyama opinki ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokubola.
Kukhethwa izimbiza ukuze zibe ngu-1-1,5 cm ubukhulu ubukhulu kunalezi zangaphambili, ngoba, lapho imbiza enkulu kakhulu, i-gloxinia izoqala ukukhula izimbali, futhi ukuqhakaza kukwazi ukulinda. Kuyadingeka ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngendlela yokuthi ingxenye engenhla ye-tuber kancane "amakhasi" angenhla kwenhlabathi.
I-Gloxinia primer
Inhlabathi yokufakelwa ingathengwa esitolo sezimbali. "Saintpaulia" noma "uViolet ofanele" ofanelekile Ungalungisa nengxube yokutshala ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanganisa isihlabathi, i-humus kanye nenhlabathi eshidi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 4: 4. Kudingeka amanzi amdaka omuhle.I-gloxinia etshaliwe ibekwa efasiteleni futhi iniselwe kanye ngesonto.
Umanyolo we-gloxinia
Qiniseka ukuthi uzalisa isitshalo. Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-liquid, lokhu kwenziwa njalo ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Uma usebenzisa umanyolo ngendlela yezinti, khona-ke induku eyodwa enjalo yanele cishe izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
I-Global gloxinia ekhaya
I-Gloxinia ingasakazwa kusetshenziswa imbewu, ukusikwa kwamaqabunga nokuhlukaniswa kweshubhu. Ukuthola imbewu ekhaya cishe akunakwenzeka. Kulula ukuzithola esitolo.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoNovemba-uFebhuwari emabhokisini aphansi, agcwalisiwe, athathwe ngenani elilinganayo futhi kuxutshwe ngokucophelela, nesihlabathi, i-peat neqabunga lomhlabathi. Imbewu imane ihlwanyelwe phezu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokufafaza bese ibekwa endaweni enokhanya kahle.
Fafaza njalo ngamanzi afudumele futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa lika-24-26 ° C. Amahlumela angalindelwa ngaphambi kwamaviki ama-2. Ngokukhula kwezithombo kanye nokuvela kwamaqabunga ama-2, atshalwe endaweni eyi-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi ngokuvela kweqabunga lesithathu lamaqabunga, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lenyuka laya ku-5-7 cm.Lidluliselwe ezimbizeni ngesikhathi lapho izitshalo ziqala ukuthintana namahlamvu akho. Ububanzi bezimbiza kufanele bube yi-10-12 cm.
Ukusakazeka kwe-gloxinia ngokusika
I-Gloxinia ekhaya kulula ukuyisakaza ngokusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhethwa amaqabunga amakhulu futhi anempilo, asikwe ngokungacacile ngommese obukhali futhi afakwe isisombululo esikhanyayo se-pink of potanganum permanganate amahora angu-8. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusikwa okunamaqabunga kufakwa ezingilazini ngamanzi ahlanzekile, aguqulwa masonto onke.
Lapho izimpande zivela, ubuhle benkathi yesikhathi esizayo butshalwa ezindebe ezinomhlabathi noma ezibhebheni ze-peat futhi zimbozwe ngamasaka epulasitiki. Amaphakethe asuswa kanye ngosuku imizuzu eminingana ukuqinisekisa umoya omncane. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane emaphethelweni wokusika, amaphakethe asuswa ngokuphelele, futhi isitshalo esikhulile singathokozisa umgcini ngokuqhakaza kwawo ngonyaka ofanayo.
Ukusakazwa kweqabunga le-Gloxinia
Kungenzeka futhi ukwanda kwe-gloxinia kanye neqabunga elilodwa leqabunga ngaphandle kwesibambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sika iqabunga elinempilo bese ulinquma emithanjeni ephakathi kwamagatsha.
Okulandelayo, ishidi libekwa nge-incisions phansi ku-peat noma enhlabathini enomhluzi bese imbozwa ngesikhwama. I-"young" gloxinia yakhiwa kusuka kumanothi ephepheni. Zitshalwa ezimbizeni lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso angaphezu kuka-3.
Ukusakazeka kwe-gloxinia ngokwehlukaniswa kweshubhu
Ukusabalalisa i-gloxinia ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber, kuyadingeka ukukhetha ama-tubers akhula kakhulu. Banqunywa ngommese zibe izingxenye ukuze ngamunye wabo asale namahlumela ama-1-2. Izingxenye ezintsha zimbozwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe futhi zitshalwe ezimbizeni ezinomhlabathi omanzi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Njengazo zonke izimila ezindlini, i-gloxinia ichayeka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. 'Kothandi' bokugcina bentyatyambo ngama-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid, amacimbi kanye nematode. Zibhubhise ngama-insecticides akhethekile.
Kulokhu, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho ukhetha ikhambi, ngoba ezinye zazo azikwazi nje ukubhubhisa izinambuzane, kodwa futhi nesitshalo uqobo.
Phakathi kwezifo, ezivame kakhulu ukubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, i-blackleg, i-fusarium ne-grey bola. Imvamisa imbangela yokuvela kwabo ukuthambisa ngokweqile.
Ngokuvimbela ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala, baphathwa ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, "Immunocytophyte" noma omunye ukhunta. Ngokuthola "ukwelashwa", izicubu zezitshalo ezinesifo zisuswa ngommese, amaphuzu asikiwe embozwe ngamalahle aqoshiwe futhi aphathwe ngama-ejenti afanele we-fungicidal.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-gloxinia yobuhle bezindawo ezishisayo ingaphila iminyaka eyi-10, ijabulise abanini bayo ngezimbali ezimibalabala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo esidala nesihlakulele ngokwengeziwe, izimbali eziningi zizoba kuso. Kwesinye isikhathi inani labo lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-50!
