Ngokuthengisiwe kunenombolo enkulu yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemifino ebomvu futhi kaningi encazelweni yesikhwama ungathola into enjalo njengohlobo lwesitshalo esinqumayo noma olungangeneki. Yini le Kwabalimi abaningi bokuqala, la magama akacaci ngokuphelele, futhi, uma kukhethwa izinhlobo ezintsha, akuhlali kukucabanga lokhu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, utamatisi ongatshaliwe ongaziwa unganikeza ukuqina okuqinile noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo ecishe ingenalutho. Lokhu kuthinta isivuno esizayo ngendlela engeyiyo impela. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlobo zezitshalo zihluka kanjani komunye nomunye?
Yini uhlobo lwetamatisi olunqumayo
Igama elithi "Detinant" lisho "ukukhula okulinganiselwe," futhi "ukungena ngaphakathi" kusho "ukukhula okungenamkhawulo."
Yini emelela utamatisi wohlobo lokuqala? Zine-ovary ezinezithelo ekugcineni kwehlumela, kamuva iyeka ukukhula. Izithelo ziyaqhubeka nokukhula kusuka endodaneni enamandla kakhulu esifubeni seqabunga eliphansi.
Olunye uhlobo utamatisi alunamkhawulo onjalo; i-apex yabo emaphakathi iyaqhubeka ikhula ngaphandle komkhawulo nge-burashi yezimbali.
Ukwehluka kwabanye kusuka kwabanye
Kulula ukwahlukanisa la matamatisi komunye nomunye ngaphambi komzuzu lapho enezimbali nezithelo. Ezinsukwini ezine ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, idolo le-cotyledonary liqala ukuqondile futhi ngobude balo sekuvele kungenzeka ukwahlulela ngokungaqondile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezizokhula ngokuzayo.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingangeneki, kuba ngu-3-5 cm, kanti kwezinye kungama-1-3 cm. Kodwa-ke, uma kunokukhanya okunganele, isithombo esinjalo siqala ukwelula kakhulu kanti kulokhu kunzima ukuthola ukuthi isihlahla sizoba yini.
Ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela ibhulashi yokuqala yezimbali ezitshalweni, sekuvele impela Kulula ukukhomba ibanga isihlahla esizayo. Ezinhlotsheni ezingafakwanga, ibhulashi lokuqala lakha ngemuva kwe-8-9 kuleliqabunga nangaphezulu, futhi ngezinhlobo ezinqumayo, ngemuva kwamaqabunga ama-6-7 nangaphansi.
Uma utamatisi watshalwa kudala, ukhule kahle futhi unezandla eziningana eziboshwe ngezithelo, sekuvele kunzima ukuthola inani lamaqabunga ngaphambi kwe-ovary yokuqala, ngoba izithombo zivame ukujula futhi ingxenye yesiqu ingahlala ingaphansi komhlaba.
Ibhukumaka lebrashi lembali ezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakubalwa livela ngamashidi ama-3. Ezinye izinhlobo phakathi kwamabhulashi zihlala zinazo ngaphansi kwesithathu amaqabunga angempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule zinhlobonhlobo kuhlala kuphunyuka okuphela esibelethweni.
Izinhlobo
Le nhlobonhlobo yetamatisi inezinhlobo ezine ezinezimpawu zayo:
I-Semi-desinantant - utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo uyeka ukukhula ngemuva kokukha amabhulashi wezimbali ayi-10-12, abekwa kuwo wonke amaqabunga amabili eqiniso, kepha kungahle kube nezikhala ngamaqabunga amathathu. Ibhulashi lembali yokuqala iqala ukubekwa emacembe angama-7-8.- Ukuzimisela - ukwakheka kwamabhulashi wezimbali kutamatisi anjalo kwenzeka kuwo wonke amaqabunga amathathu, kodwa kuphela uma bekhula izingcezu ezi-5-6.
- I-Superdeterminant - lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluvuthiwe, futhi amabhulashi ezimbali aqala ukubekwa emaqabungeni angama-1-2, kuthi lapho nje sekwakhiwe izingcezu ezi-4 noma ezi-5, kuqhume ihlumela elikhawulela ukukhula kwesiqu sombali wezimbali.
- I-Supersuperdeterminant - izinhlobo ezi-super-early and super-dwarf. Imvamisa akha amabhulashi wezimbali angama-2-3 ngokulandelana ngaphandle kwezikhala ezivela emaqabunga. Ukukhula kwesibhamu kukhawulelwe ngemuva kokuvela kwe-peduncle ka-3-4 Ibhulashi lokuqala livela ngemuva kweqabunga langempela lesihlanu.
I-Semi-desinantant - utamatisi walezi zinhlobonhlobo uyeka ukukhula ngemuva kokukha amabhulashi wezimbali ayi-10-12, abekwa kuwo wonke amaqabunga amabili eqiniso, kepha kungahle kube nezikhala ngamaqabunga amathathu. Ibhulashi lembali yokuqala iqala ukubekwa emacembe angama-7-8.Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Izici ezinhle zale nhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikatamatisi zifaka:
Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba ukubeka ibhulashi lembali kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga ambalwa kunezinhlobo eziphakathi, ngakho-ke izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa kusenesikhathi.- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu okuphezulu, ngoba ama-ovaries abekwa ngamaqabunga ambalwa futhi kuneningi lawo kwimitha eyodwa yesiqu, ngakho-ke isivuno singacebile.
- Ukubuya okunobungani esivunweni, ngoba amabhulashi amaningana angaboshwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, ngoba ukubeka ibhulashi lembali kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga ambalwa kunezinhlobo eziphakathi, ngakho-ke izithelo zokuqala zivuthwa kusenesikhathi.Amaphoyinti angalungile:
- isivuno esiphelele sincane, ngoba ukukhula kwesihlahla kukhawulelwe ngamabhulashi, kungaqedwa ngokuphelele, lesi sitshalo siyayeka ukukhula futhi ama-ovari amasha ayeke ukwakha;
- ngenxa yokuthi amabhulashi akhiwa kaningi ngokwanele, okuningi okunamaminerali kuyadingeka ukwakha isivuno;
- ngoba ukukhula kwesihlahla kukhawulelwe yi-peduncle, ukuze singalayishi kakhulu lesi sitshalo ngenqwaba yamaqanda amaqanda, kuyadingeka ukususa ama-stepons;
- ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla sigcwele kakhulu amaqanda, lokhu kunciphisa ukumelana kwayo nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kudinga ukuhambisana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
ukwanda kwentshisekelo;- inqubo efanelekile yokuqola;
- ukukha iziqu ukuvusa inqubo yamagatsha;
- ukufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo ahlukahlukene, owenziwa ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqothula;
- ukuchelela njengoba kudingeka;
- ukuphathwa kwezilokazane nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
ukwanda kwentshisekelo;Ukubopha kanye ne-stepsoning chitha zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo. Uma ungasusi izingane zokutholwa ezakheka emajikeni amaqabunga utamatisi ngesikhathi esifanele, izithelo kulokhu zizovuthwa isikhathi eside, futhi ukukhula kwezitshalo kuzokuma ngokubonakalayo.
Izingane zokutholwa kumele zisuswe njalo ukuze ukukhula kwesihlahla kube kuhle. Ukunisela izitshalo akuvamile, kodwa kakhulu nangokuhlelekile. Inhlabathi ngaphambi kokunisela okulandelayo kufanele yome ngokuphelele.
Amaconsi amanzi akufanele awele emaqabungeni, ngaphandle kwalokho isifo sikhunta esifana nokulimala sekwephuzile singakhula, okuholele ekuthini mnyama kwesitshalo nokufa kwaso. Kuyadingeka ukunisela utamatisi ngaphansi kwempande, usebenzisa uhlelo lokunisela lokunisela.
Ukuvikelwa kwamatamatisi ezinambuzaneni nasezifo
Ukuvikela lesi sitshalo ezifweni kanye nasezifweni zokukhunta, kufanele siphathwe ngokulungiswa okukhethekile, njengeTattu, i-Infinito, i-Aliette, i-Ridomil Gold.
Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu ukubola kwe-vertex, okubangela ukuba mnyama kwezibonda zesiqu. Kulokhu, amahlumela ifafazwe nge-calcium nitrate ngesikhathi sokutshala izithombo.
Izilokazane eziyingozi kakhulu yiBhungane lamazambane eseColorado, aphid, scoop ebusika, lapho kusetshenziswa khona le mithi elandelayo: "UFitoverm "," Aktovit "," Confidor"Ungalwa futhi nama-aphid ngale ndlela elandelayo: thumela umfudlana oqinile wamanzi endaweni yokuqongelela izinambuzane bese uphonsa amaqabunga ngomlotha.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokunquma
Hlobo luni utamatisi olunganikeza isivuno esihle? Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi:
I- "Oak" isithelo esihlwabusayo futhi esinenyama esinemibala ebomvu ekhanyayo. Ivuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi imelana nesifo esifana nokulimala sekwephuzile. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kumnandi futhi kumnandi.- "I-Yamal" - inokunambitheka okumnandi, uvuthwe kusenesikhathi futhi igcinwe kahle.
- "U-ayisikhilimu" - izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zibunjiwe nge-plum. Ngaphezu ukunambitheka kwabo okuhle, bakulungele kahle ukulondolozwa, ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi kugcinwa isikhathi eside.
- I- "Grotto" iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala ne-ukunambitheka okumangalisayo okunesimo esiyindilinga. Izithelo zinesisindo esincane - iminyaka engama-50−80.
I- "Oak" isithelo esihlwabusayo futhi esinenyama esinemibala ebomvu ekhanyayo. Ivuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi imelana nesifo esifana nokulimala sekwephuzile. Ukunambitheka kwakhe kumnandi futhi kumnandi.Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwetamatisi oluqondayo futhi umehluko walo kolunye uhlobo. Utamatisi onjalo unabo izinhlangothi ezinhle nezingalungile. Zitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo futhi endaweni evulekile.
Lokhu ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kumangalisa nje, futhi izithelo zihlukaniswa ukukhula kwazo kokuqala. Kuyazuzisa ukuzihlakulela ngokubuka kwezomnotho, ngoba azidingi indawo eningi futhi zona masinyane unikeze isivuno esihle.
