Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwenza imifino ekhulayo ibe nzima. Ungayinakekela kanjani iklabishi emhlophe ezimweni zezinto zemvelo ezingejwayelekile futhi uthole isivuno esihle?
Iklabishi elimhlophe yisitshalo esingavimbeli ukubanda, isithombe. Ngokukhula ngokuphelele nokuvuthwa, kudingeka amahora angama-daylight okungenani amahora ayi-13. Ngokuya esifundeni, izinhlobo zokuqala nokuvuthwa kokuvuthwa kuvuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-70 noma ngaphezulu. Ungakhula kanjani iklabishi emhlophe ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kunoma yisiphi isifunda? Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele unamathele emithethweni ethile.
Ungayikhetha kanjani futhi ulungiselele imbewu emhlophe yeklabishi?
Isifunda esikhulayo sidlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni imbewu yokuhlwanyela. Enyakatho isiza, lapho uvuthwa ngokwengeziwe khona udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo. Kokufakwa kwencazelo kuqukethe isikhathi sokutshala nokuvunwa okulinganiswayo kwesitshalo.
Kepha, njengomthetho, le mininingwane ikhonjisiwe uma kwenzeka kugcinwa ngobuchwepheshe ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhathalela nokulima. Ukwephulwa okunjalo, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle ezimweni zezulu - isomiso, izimvula ezinamandla nezinde, ukubanda okuhlala isikhathi eside - kuthinta kabi ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhulisa iklabishi elimhlophe.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungiselela imbewu emhlophe yeklabishi ukukhulisa ukuhluma kwazo kanye nokuthuthuka okunempilo kwamahlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza uchungechunge lwemicimbi ngembewu:
- Ukulinganisa
- Ukuphatha;
- I-Stratification - ukugcina imbewu emanzi yesikhathi esithile emazingeni okushisa aphansi;
- Ukufakwa kwisisombululo segciwane;
- Ukufudumeza;
- Ukucubungula micronutrient;
- Ukuhluma.
Inqubo ingachazwa kanjena. Ngemuva kokulinganisa, imbewu emhlophe yeklabishi emile ibekwa emanzini ashisayo (cishe ama-45-50 C) imizuzu engu-15. Bese umzuzu ucwiliswa ku-ketshezi olubandayo. Letha isixazululo ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo bese uzifaka kuwo amahora angu-12. Ngemuva kokugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese ufakwa esiqandisini usuku. Kuhlala ukomisa imbewu nokuhlwanyela.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yokutshala nezithombo
Kuzithombo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini. Kepha ukwenza izitshalo kube lula ukudlulisela ukuthutha zingene emhlabathini ovulekile, kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngayinye esitsheni esihlukile.
Zingathengwa uma kungeke kwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngokuzimele amakhasethi okufika. Uhlelo lwezimpande kuleli cala alubekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ngoba ngalo inqwaba yomhlaba ithuthelwa ngokucophelela emgodini olungiselelwe. Yize iklabishi lingakhethi ngokutshala, le ndlela yokutshala izokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno phambilini.
Lapho uhlela indawo yokutshala izithombo zeklabishi elimhlophe, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi iyiphi inkambiso eyandulelwa yiyo. Kungcono ukuthi u-anyanisi, amasawoti, okusanhlamvu, izaqathi, ukhukhamba namazambane kukhule lapha ngaphambi kwalokhu.
Kuyadingeka ukukhipha ukutshala kwesitshalo semifino endaweni yomndeni obethelwe - isithombo, isithombo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zeklabishi, ama-beet, ama-turnips kanye notamatisi.
Isakhiwo seklabishi silungiswa kusengaphambili, mhlawumbe ekwindla. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, khona-ke izinto ezinomkhawulo zethulwa. Okuhle kakhulu yinhlabathi engathathi hlangothi.
Entwasahlobo, engeza umanyolo we-organic namaminerali nge-1 m2:
- Umlotha wezinkuni - izingilazi ezi-3-4;
- Izinto eziphilayo ezi-overripe - ibhakede eli-1;
- I-Urea - isipuni esingu-1;
- Superphosphate - 2 wezipuni.
Inhlabathi iyambiwa, isulwe izimpande zokhula bese imibhede ilungiswa ngokufaka umquba. Kunezinketho eziningi zokwakha imibhede, konke kuncike kokuncamelayo namandla omzimba wensimi. Ukutshala emabhokisini, umbhede ohlukile wesithombo ngasinye, imibhede engunxantathu ku-1 no-2 imigqa, njll. Kubalulekile ukuthi lapho uthambisa amanzi ungahle ungene esihlahleni esisodwa, kepha usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo wonke umhlabathi, unisela zonke izitshalo.
Uma kuvunguza imimoya eyomile esifundeni noma kuba nezinkinga ngamanzi, ukukhuliswa okufika ngesikhathi kanye no-mulching kuzosiza ukwelula umswakama wenhlabathi.
Ungatshala kanjani izithombo zamaklabishi amhlophe
Emibhedeni elungiselelwe, umgodi wenziwa ngophawu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukujula kwabo kukhulu kancane kunokuphakama kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo. Uma umgodi uphume ngaphezu kwesidingo, khona-ke kufakwa umhlaba omncane kuwo. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukujula akufanele kube ngaphansi kwezimpande. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo siyawa sithathe izimpande kahle.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile. Lapho utshala isitshalo, kudingeka uqinisekise ukuthi i-rosette yeklabishi ayimbozwe umhlaba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhula kwalo kuzophela futhi isiko lishabalale.
Ngaphambi kokutshala iklabishi elimhlophe, liyaniselwa. Uma isithombo sihlala ebhodweni elihlukile, bese kuthi lapho umhlaba usugcwele umswakama, uphendulwe ngobumnene phansi ngesandla esisodwa, ubambe ingaphezulu lesitsha sesitsha ngensimbi yesinye isandla. Kulokhu, isiqu kufanele sihlale phakathi kweminwe. Lapho ushukumisa ibhodwe ngobumnene, kuzophuma inqwaba yomhlaba kanye nezimpande futhi zihlale zinjalo entendeni yesandla sakho. Kuhlala kuphela ukuyicekela phansi, ukuyibeka emgodini, kufafazwe kahle ngomhlaba bese uthele.
Isikimu sokutshala kwezinhlobo zokuqala singama-40X25 cm, aphakathi nendawo sekwephuzile - 40X60 cm.
Uma ukushisa ngokweqile kulindeleke ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo, khona-ke ukugcinwa kweklabishi elimhlophe, ngaphezu kokufaka umhlabathi, kuzovikela amaqabunga amancane ekushisweni yilanga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungenza i-canopy encane, eyisisekelo sayo okuyipulangwe yokhuni noma yensimbi, embozwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe noma iyiphi indwangu ekhanyayo.
Izimo ezidingekayo zokutshala iklabishi elimhlophe
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukuthi ulondoloze izimo eziyisisekelo zokukhulisa iklabishi:
- Izinga lokushisa lomoya nenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa; uma kungenjalo kuzokwenza ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqhume nezinye izinkinga;
- Ukukhanya okwanele; musa ukutshala izitshalo eduze kwezihlahla nakwezinye izindawo ezinezithunzi; iklabishi lizolula; lokhu kuzodala ukubopha kabi imfoloko noma ikhanda leklabishi;
- Ukunisela; iklabishi lifunwa kakhulu ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi; kodwa kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthambisa ngokweqile nsuku zonke kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemfoloko;
- Ukulima - ukukhulula, ukufaka i-mulching kuzonciphisa inani lokunisela futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela kwamahhala komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande;
- Ukugqoka kwamaminerali kanye ne-organic;
- Ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
Ukukhula iklabishi elimhlophe, kubalulekile ukubheka izimfanelo zokumelana nokubandayo zesitshalo. Isibonelo, ukumelana nesithwathwa kuhambisana nobudala kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngokubukeka kwamahlumela, ama-degrees angama-2-3 ngaphezulu kwe-zero anele. Kepha amahlumela anobungani azovela ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-20 degrees Celsius.
Ngethonya lesithwathwa sasebusuku, izithombo ezilukhuni zikwazi ukubhekana nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe noma olutshalwe emhlabathini akukho ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Kulokhu, inkomba ye-thermometer akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwama-degrees ama-3-5 weqhwa. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kwezithombo ezikhulayo kubhekwa njenge-13C C, kanti inhlabathi - ama-2-3 degrees aphansi.
Uma kunzima noma kungenzeki ukulondolozela izimo ezidingekayo endaweni evulekile yokuthuthuka nokutshala iklabishi elimhlophe, khona-ke kufanele unakekele ukwakha i-greenhouse. Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifuyelwe ukulinyelwa endlini. Lokhu kuzogwema izifo eziningi, ikakhulukazi isikhunta, isimilo somndeni obethelwe esiphambanweni.
Lapha ungabona izinhlobo zeklabishi elimhlophe elinesithombe.
Kuyini ukonakala kokukhula kweklabishi ngendlela engenasithombo?
Iklabishi elimhlophe elitshalwe ngendlela engeyona inzalo linika isivuno esikhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12 ngaphambi kokuhlela. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa izingcezu ezi-3-4 esidlekeni esisodwa futhi ngokushesha ziye endaweni ehlala njalo. Kuyini ukwahluka kwale ndlela?
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha ngokucophelela isiza, ngoba izithombo zezitshalo ezingavikelekile ngokuphelele zizovela lapho. Ukuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunakwizimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzwe izimpande eziningi zokhula nezinambuzane eziyingozi ngangokunokwenzeka. Iklabishi elimhlophe likhule ngale ndlela liqina kakhudlwana, linamafutha futhi likhiqiza.
Imbewu zenziwa futhi zihlwanyelwe enhlabathini elungile enomswakama, efafazwe nge-peat. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwezithombo, izitshalo ziba mncane, zishiya eziqine kakhulu.
