Ngokuphathelene nokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zamaplamu akhona emvelweni, kunzima ukufika ekuvumelaneni. Kweminye imithombo, inani elilingana no-30 liyakhonjiswa, kokunye lingaphezu kwama-40. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kuhlobo lwe-plum kuyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
Ngokwesiko, iplamu akuyona neze into yokuncintisana kumagilebhisi nama-apricots alinywe ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, noma kunjalo, ngokuya kokusetshenziswa komuntu kwezinhlobo zawo ezinhlobonhlobo nokwanda kwezimo zezemvelo, kuholela lapho kuqhathaniswa nokufana nezinye izitshalo zezithelo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-plums
Iplamu yasekhaya - uhlobo lwamasiko nje, oluhlala ezwenikazi elilodwa. Izithombo zasendle zale plum kuphela azitholakali emvelweni, kodwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwabantu, lokhu kungenzeka. Echaza lolu hlobo, umuntu angeke ehluleke ukusho ubungqayizivele bokusetshenziswa kwezithelo zalo, ezifanele futhi ukomiswa, ezenza ziveze ngokufanele kwabanye.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zamapulangwe enziwe yizinhlobonhlobo zama-dessert. I-Volga plum Owesifazane omuhle onovuno lwakuqala nezithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu-ezibomvu (34-50 amagremu), embozwe ngogqinsi oluxhaxha lwe-wax, omuncu-ukunambitheka Ngokuqondene nokuqina kobusika, izinhlobonhlobo zisesimweni esiphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso, kepha zimelana nesomiso - phezulu (isimo sezulu esomile asesabi izihlahla). Ikhombisa ukuthambekela okuphakathi kwezilokazane (amacala angajwayelekile wokugaya kanye nokubola grey kwezithelo aqoshwe). Ukuzilolonga kuphezulu, kungcono kuthunyelwe impova ngezinhlobo ze-plum iZhiguli nokubomvu kwasekuqaleni.
I-plum yesiShayina - ummeleli wohlobo olungavamile ovela enyakatho nasempumalanga yeChina. Ukhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba ngamamitha ayi-12! Inomqhele oyindilinga, amagreythi ansundu ampunga yemifino nezithelo eziyindilinga engu-2,5 cm ububanzi, obomvu, ophuzi noma oluhlaza ngombala, ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax. I-pulp yama-plums ama-juicy itholakala ngephunga le-melon. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo kusukela eminyakeni engu-7; ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ine-average hardiness hardness, ematfuba ezithombo angama-67%.
I-Pissardi iplamu (ipulamu elibomvu elibomvu)
Ukhula emithambekeni evulekile yezintaba entshonalanga ye-Asia. Ngamagama okuhlobisa, lolu hlobo lusebenza kakhulu phakathi kwabo bonke, luhlukaniswa ngumthunzi obomvu wamaqabunga futhi, okuheha ukunakwa ikakhulukazi, ngezimbali ezinkulu eziphinki ezivela ngaphambi kwamaqabunga aqhakaza futhi ekugcineni kwezimbali zithole i-hue ebomvu emnyama. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-6. Izithelo kakhulu, umbala wezithelo ubomvu onsundu.
Izinhlobo ze-Plum zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezimpawu ezi-2 ezibalulekile - ukumelana nesithwathwa nokubekezelela isomiso. Izinhlobo zokulwa neqhwa zifaka phakathi, isibonelo:
- ukukhula kusenesikhathi, ukumelana nezifo, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo i-plum alyonushka (ukumelana neqhwa eliphakathi nendawo);
- izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa i-plum Eurasia 21 ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo kakhulu, kepha ezingahambi kahle impova (ukumelana nesithwathwa esikhulu);
- futhi kusenesikhathi, ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo ikakhulukazi, ezinhlobonhlobo iplamu yakuqala (ukumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa).
Ngenkathi ukumelana nokubandayo kukhombisa inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-plum, ukubekezelela isomiso ezinhlwini zazo kuwukutholakala. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo akukubi kwisomiso kulezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- okufika sekwephuzile okufika sekwephuzile, okunezithelo ezinkulu, okunhlobonhlobo iplan stanley (noma UStanley) ngezithelo ezi-oval-round (ukubekezelela isomiso esihlobene);
- ingenye yezithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke (isisindo sezithelo - amagremu angama-60-100), izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakamuva zezimboni ezikhiqiza isivinini umongameli we-plum nge, nokho, hhayi izithelo ezimnandi kakhulu.
Kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubheka lezi zici lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwentuthuko esizeni, njengoba iplamu elishiwo ngenhla likhula ngokushesha, i-plum Eurasia 21, futhi futhi i-peach plum Michurin, empeleni basenyakatho nasezifundeni eziseningizimu bangagcini nje ngokuziqhayisa ngobumnandi bezithelo, kodwa bangahle balahlekelwe nokuqina kwabo kobusika bemvelo.
I-Plum greencloth Altana
Enye into izinhlobo zendabuko zakwamanye amazwe, ezifana iplamu greengage Altana, okuthi, ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa, kanye kuphela njalo emuva kweminyaka emihlanu angeke kukhiqize isivuno, noma kube nokuzinza okuthe xaxa plum hungarian azhanskaya ngezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Umqondo we-plum osususelwe ezingqondweni zabantu abaningi usho izithelo eziyindilinga noma ezi-oval ezigxotshwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi. Lapho ingxoxo iqala ukuvela iplamu eliphuzi, esithombeni kungenzeka ukuthi ivele i-cherry plum. Kepha empeleni, kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphuzi ze-plum ngokuqondile (ungakhumbula i-plum yesiShayina eyingqayizivele echazwe ngenhla - phakathi kwemibala yezithelo zalolu hlobo kukhona ophuzi), futhi ihlukile ekunambithekeni nasosayizi.
Isibonelo ukuthi iplamu lezinyosi emhlophe, oqanjwe kanjalo ngoba ukunambitheka kwakhe uluju, lumnandi kakhulu, kepha alunambithisi. Ngendlela, umsuka wezinhlobonhlobo unezimpande zase-Ukraine. Kubonakala ngokungathobeki, amagremu angama-30-50 wezithelo eziyindilinga, zemvelo eziphuzi ngombala omhlophe omncane.
Kokunye kokuvuthwa kokuqala kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-plum (ukuvuna kungaqala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi), kepha-ke kuyazenzela futhi kudinga ipollinator, iqhaza lawo elingadlalwa yiplamu yokuqala yaseHungary ne-plum yeKarbyshev eluhlaza. Umuthi ufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-5, unikeza isivuno esiningi, esimelana nobusika.
I-Yacht plum
Enye iplamu ephuzi enobutha obheke kumbala wegolide - i-yacht plum - I-protagonist yalesi sihloko, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokutshala kwaso ngezansi. Le nhlobonhlobo eqinile yathuthukiswa abafuyi bezinkukhu H.V. Enikeev noS.SN.Satarova. Imiphumela emihle yazuzeka ngokuwela i-plum Izinhlobo i-Eurasia 21 ne-plum resin. Uhla lwezinzuzo zalo, ngaphandle kokweqisa, okuhlaba umxhwele - kucatshangelwa ukuqina okuqinile kobusika obuphakeme, izimbali zezimbali zale plum cishe azesabi ukubuyela kupholile, futhi nesihlahla sibekezelela isomiso kalula, futhi asithinteki izifo ezivamile nezinambuzane.
Umuthi onamandla, okhula ngentshiseko uze ufike kumamitha ayi-5.5 ukuphakama ungena esigabeni esithelayo seminyaka engu-3-4 yokuphila, ukhulisa umnikazi ngesivuno unyaka nonyaka. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, ukusuka kwelinye ipulamu elinjalo, ungaqoqa ama-45-50 kg we-round-elongated, golide elikhanyayo, izithelo ezimnandi ezinomuncu okhuthazayo, onesisindo esingu-25- 35 amagremu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo zine-drawback eyodwa encane - ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile ngonyaka, ama-pollinators afiseleka (ngokwenxenye yokuzala), okuyi-plum yaseHungary plum, ukuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni kwaseMoscow kanye nememori kaTimiryazev.
I-plum sketch
Luyizinhlobonhlobo zetafula elakhiwe ngesisekelo se-Eurasia 21 iplamu nobuhle be-plum ubuhle be-Volga, okuhloselwe izinhloso zobuchwepheshe. Iguqulwe ngokuphelele ukuze itshalwe endaweni ephakathi yeRussian Federation ezindaweni ezincane zomhlaba. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungaphezu kwesilinganiso, kuyazikhandla. Izithelo ezi-oval-round zine-burgundy-lilac noma i-reddish-violet hue enhlanganisela ye-wax emnyama kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi ngokuthinta ukoma.
Izithelo ziqala eminyakeni engu-3-4 ubudala, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngo-Agasti, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzinza njalo ngonyaka. Ucwaningo lunganikeza kuze kube yi-20 kg yesivuno esihlahleni, futhi inhloso yayo yobuchwepheshe inquma izinkomba eziphezulu zempilo yeshelufu esiqandisini (kufika ezinsukwini ezingama-60) kanye nokutholakala kwezithelo ezivunwayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhulise ukuqina kobusika kuzo zombili izinkuni nezimbali, nokubekezelelana kwesomiso. Kepha okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuphawula iqiniso elithokozisayo lokuthi esimweni sezulu esibi sithelo yaso ithatha ubumnandi obukhulu kakhulu.
Ipipi ipipi - I-Ultra-early, mapema. Ukuvula kabusha kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi! Ngasikhathi sinye, izithelo zinambitheka kamnandi futhi zibukeka zinhle. Isisindo sazo singama-30-35 amagremu, futhi isihlahla esisodwa singakhipha ama-plamu angama-25 we-plums. Ngekhwalithi yokugcina ephansi, awudingi ngempela ukubekezelela, ngoba sonke isivuno sizodliwa.
Ekunambithekeni okuhle kwamapulangwe, ubuhle bawo bokuhlobisa bufanelana kahle nendlela - nomuthi ngokwawo uqobekile (ngamamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama) futhi ungena kunoma yikuphi ukuboniswa engadini, okokuqala uyihlobise ngezimbali ezimhlophe ezibilayo (entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza) bese kubomvu-burgundy izithelo ezihlanganiswe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ehlobo). Konke lokhu kuya ekuhambisaneni kwamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza okotshani.
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuphezulu, njengoba, noma kunjalo, kungukuphikiswa kwezifo / izinambuzane ezisezingeni elijwayelekile kuma-plums. Ukuzizala kusho ukuhlala kwepulazi elihlanganyelwe elisondelene lamanzi ahlanganayo, owokuqala komfula noma wekoloni, okuyindlela, ozochazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Blueberry plum
ENyakatho Melika, lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lunconywe ngamandla nangengqondo eyinhloko i-blueberry plumesikubiza ngothandoisuphamakethe yezitolo" Lesi sihloko sanikezwa izilinganiso ezinkulu zezithelo - 70-75 amagremu. Anombala onsomi omnyama onamachashazi acashile, ahamba kakhulu futhi angahanjwa.
Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi ukunambitheka kungathinteka kulokhu - indlela okuyiyo, kepha uma ubheka ukuthobeka kwezinto zasendulo zezinhlobonhlobo, kuvela ukuthi le plum ivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi (ekupheleni kukaSepthemba eKrasnodar) futhi ithola ubumnandi kakade ezinsukwini eziyi-7 zokugcina iba ntofontofo), ngakho-ke iqoqwa nje hhayi ukuvuthwa, kodwa ngesethulo.
Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo siphezulu, kepha ezimweni zeRussia Federation kuzoba njalo ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ngeke kube yinto engelutho ukucacisa ukuthi i-bluff iyiplamu yeStanley, umongameli wawela ne-plum.
Iplamu ebunjiwe ngekholomu Kufunwa kabanzi ku-CIS namuhla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo, okwenza lula ukukha izithelo nokunakekelwa. Ama-plums anjalo awunamagatsha akamuva, futhi ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kwenzeka, ngokulandelana, kokusemqoka, kumbozwe ngezithelo.
Lesi sihlahla sincane ngosayizi, kepha sithela izithelo kakhulu, sinikeza abahlali ihlobo ngama-20 kg we-plum unyaka ngamunye (ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kunjalo) iminyaka engama-7-10. Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo kufanele futhi zifake ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele isivuno emva kweminyaka engu-2 kuphela kusukela esikhathini sokutshala. Amaplamu abunjwe nge-Colon aphila iminyaka engaba ngu-17.
Ukutshala iplamu entwasahlobo
Ukwenza ukutshala ngempumelelo kwama-plums, udinga ukukhetha intwasahlobo yokuqala yokusebenza ngenkathi izihlahla zisesimweni sokuphumula ebusika. Indawo kufanele iboniswe kahle, futhi amanzi asemhlabathini akufanele alale ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,5 ebusweni.
Ububanzi bomgodi wokufika cishe imitha eyi-1, ukujula kungamamitha ayi-0,5, kungcono ukuyilungiselela izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokwehla. Izithombo zePlum ezinezimpande eziqondile zisethelwe zibheke enkabeni yomgodi, bese zifafazwa ngenhlabathi ye-turf exutshwe nomanyolo wamaminerali nowe-organic.
Ukuphonsa inhlabathi akuseluleki, njengoba kunjalo nokulala okuphelele kwentamo yezimpande, okuthi, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka kahle, kuphele amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka kumhlabathi wenhlabathi. Ekupheleni, kufanele mulch umbuthano oseduze-isiqu nge peat noma humus bese uthele ipuleti kahle, usebenzisa amabhakede ambalwa amanzi ngesithombo ngasinye.
Ukuzwela kwesihlahla esincanyana ukuya emimoyeni eqinile nokunetha ngalesi sikhathi sempilo yayo kungancishiswa ngosizo lokuxhaswa (kunconywa ukuyifaka ohlangothini olusenyakatho).
Okunye okumnandi kakhulu futhi okunempilo futhi isitshalo se-berry is peach. Kungatshalwa ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile, uma ulandela imithetho yokudinga efanelekile. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo zokutshala nokunakekela lesi sitshalo kulesi sihloko.
Ukunisela amaplamu
Kokubili ukufaka amanzi kanyeokomisa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi kuyizinqubo ezingathandeki ngokulinganayo. Kungakho umuthi udinga ukufakwa umswakama kuphela uma kunesidingo, ngenkathi ugcina izinga lokuqina lomswakama.
Ngokwesilinganiso, izikhathi eziphakathi kokunisela ngenkasa zingamaviki ama-2-3, kuthi ehlobo, umuthi wonke uhlinzekwe ngamabhakede wamanzi angama-3-6.
Inhlabathi yeplamu
Kunemfuneko eyodwa kuphela yenhlabathi, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi isinki sithanda ukungathathi hlangothi kwesihlabathi noma inhlabathi ethambile futhi ayithandi ubumba olunzima. Isimilo sokuqala sinqumayo, ngakho-ke, ngokukhula kwesihlahla, inhlabathi ihlolwa njalo nge-acidity.
Ngokwesimo esejwayelekile, i-acidity yenhlabathi ijwayelekile ngokungeza i-lime eyenziwe nge-hydrate kanye eminyakeni eyi-4-6 (yokumba, ukuthola amakhompiyutha akhanyayo - amagremu ama-300-400 nge-1 sq. M., Kumakhompiyutha asindayo - amahlandla ama-2 ngaphezulu. Ukuze inhlabathi ithambekele ekuqinisekisweni kwe-acidization, le nqubo yenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela isidingo.
Ukufakelwa kweplamu
Labo bantu kuphela abangabudala obunguvile kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-5 ukuya kokudluliselwa. Kubantu abadala, uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula kakhulu kangangokuba ukugaya isihlahla kungadala ukulimala kithina. Noma imaphi amanxeba athinta i-drain kabi, okumele kubhekwe lapho uyihambisa endaweni entsha, inakekela izimpande kanye namagatsha. Esokuqala kungcono “ukufaka” esikhwameni, kanti okwesibili kuboshwe kahle ngezintambo.
Lapho uqala ukufakelwa, kufanele uqale uthambisa kahle umuthi omncane (amabhakede angama-4-5 azoba anele) - ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukumba. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sihlahla simbiwa endaweni engaba amasentimitha angama-70 sisuka esiqwini sisiya endaweni ebunjiwe enesigaxa enezimpande.
Ngokuqapha ngokweqile, ukhishwa emhlabathini bese edluliselwa kwenye indawo ngokuya ngemithetho yokubekisa echazwe ekuqaleni. Ngokuya ngezincomo zokutshala iplamu, isikhathi esidingekayo sokufakelwa izilonda entwasahlobo.
Ukugqoka kweplum
Kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi ngendlela ethile. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ukondla akudingeki, okwesibili izikhathi ezi-2 ze-nitrogen (ezinsukwini zokuqala nezokugcina zikaJuni).
Kepha ngonyaka wesi-3 kuya phambili (kusukela esikhathini sokuzala) - i-nitrogen (izinsuku zokugcina zika-Ephreli), i-nitrophosk (Juni), phosphorus-potash (Agasti nangemva kokuvunwa).
Ukuthena izihlahla
Elinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ekunakekelweni ukuthena iplamu. Kuqala entwasahlobo ngokwakhiwa komqhele nokuphakama kwesiqu esingama-27- 40 cm.Ingatsha ezi-5 - 7 ezinhle zisele kwesobunxele, ezifinyeziwe ekuqaleni, ukuze kuvikeleke ukukhula kwazo okungalungile.
Ngemuva kokuqala kwesigaba sokwenza izithelo, umqhubi wesifundo unqunywa ngaphezu kwamahlumela asohlangothini olungaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela enomthelela ekukhanyiseni okuhle komqhele.
Ukuthena okucwengekile nokucwengeka ngokususwa okuphelele kwamagatsha owonakele, amahlumela neziqu ezikhula zibheke ngaphi kwesiqu sesiqu futhi kuphazamisana kwenziwa ngendlela efanelekile.
I-Plum ebusika
Kwisigaba sokuqala sokuthuthuka, kanye nasebusika obunzima, ukuminza kudinga indawo yokukhosela. Bangasebenza njengesembozo se-peat noma amaqabunga awile.
Isembozo seqhwa esaphonswa endaweni yombuthano oyindilinga futhi inketho enhle yokuhlala, futhi izonikeza umswakama esihlahleni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Plum ngokuxhunyelelwa
Amapulangwe angasakazwa kusetshenziswa imbewu, amahlumela, ukusika okuluhlaza noma okuvela ezimpandeni kanye ne-inoculation. Kuzo zonke izindlela zemifino, okuthe, ngendlela, ethembeke kakhulu kunembewu, ezithandwa kakhulu kulezi zinsuku ukusikwa okuluhlaza, okucaciswa ukuthi izinga eliphakeme lokusinda kwezilwane ezisencane. Kodwa kude nazo zonke izinhlobo ze-plum zingaqala ngezimpande ngale ndlela (izinhlobo ezinokukhula okugcwele kwezimpande zigawulwe kahle), okuthi, ikakhulukazi, zisebenze ku-yakhontov plum - isatshalaliswa kungaba ngokugoma noma ngokuhluma.
Njengompande isiphunzi, ihlumela lezimpande lokuvuthwa okufanayo kokuqala okutshalwe eduzane lokuvota kufanelekile.Ukungena ngaphakathi kwe-cleavage kwenziwa ngokususa isigaxa sosiphulelo, okwenza i-cleavage engxenyeni ephakathi yesisekelo ifike ku-3 cm, ukusika isiqu kusukela ezansi emaceleni womabili kuya ekwakhekeni kwegabha, ukusifaka ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi kwe-cleavage nokusonga indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polyethylene.
Ukwenza i-budding on the butt (kusebenza esimweni sezulu esomile, lapho kunzima ukugoba i-bark), i-7-centimeter (ende) incision yenziwe ku-bark isiphunzi, ithumba ungqimba oluncane lwezinkuni. Isiqu silolwa kahle ukuze ingxenye yaso engezansi isikwe nge-oblique yobude obufanayo ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezinso kuqukethe isengezo esifakwe esitokisini ngaphansi kwamagxolo ngezinkuni ngokhuni.
Futhi, ngemuva kokuba umsebenzi wokugoma wenziwe, ukuhlangana kufanele kuboshwe kusetshenziswa i-polyethylene efanayo futhi kushiye i-scion fig free. Lapho kudlula amasonto amathathu, ifilimu kufanele isuswe. Isihloko sesiphunzi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kufanele sisikwe ukuze isikhumbuzo esilingana nesenti-15 (ubude) sihlale siphezulu ngenso.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Plum ngokusika okuluhlaza
Ukubuyela emuva kusihloko sokusikwa okuluhlaza, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi inqubo kufanele yenziwe ngoJuni, lapho amahlumela ekhula ngenkuthalo. Ubude besibambo kufanele bube ngu-30-40 cm, kufiseleka ukuthi unqunywe esimeni sezulu esinamafu esitshalweni esincane.
Ngemuva kokubeka isibambo emanzini, sisebenzisa ithuluzi elilolwe kahle, sidonswa kusuka phansi ngokususwa kanyekanye kweshidi elingezansi size sibe yingxenye ye-petiole. Kulokhu, indawo yokusika ephezulu isethwe ngokushesha ngemuva kweshidi le-3. Okulandelayo, isixha sezisiki zesikhathi sobusuku sehliswa ngamaphethelo aphansi esixazululweni se-heteroauxin esingama-1.5 cm.
Inqubo yonke yokubamba iqhaza kufanele yenzeke ekushiseni okuluhlaza okotshani, ukuhlelelwa kwayo okufanele kunakekelwe kusengaphambili. Ukulungiselela i-substrate yokuhluma kuqukethe ukuxuba i-peat nesihlabathi ngokulingana okulinganayo, kufafaza le ngxube ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi size sibe yi-1 cm, ukuthambisa nokukhanya okulula.
Kuyadingeka ukutshala ukusikeka, ubheke i-angle engu-45, ukujula okulingana nobude kusukela ezansi ukusika kuya kokusalayo kuqembe 1st le-petiole, ibanga elihambisanayo lobude obuyi-5-7 cm kanye negebe elingamamentimitha amahlanu. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa isembozo esisobala sithuthelwe endaweni ekhanyiselwe isivikelo elangeni eliqondile.
Ukuchelela kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-divider, ukugqoka phezulu kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-30 ngemuva kokutshala, kusetshenziswa isisombululo somanyolo we-nitrogen (amagremu ama-30 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ukulandela ukubamba imbala, udinga ukususa isembozo.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kuncishiselwa ukulondolozwa okusikiwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, okubandakanya ukubabumbela ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaSepthemba, ukusonga izimpande nge-moss enomswakama, ukuyisonga nge-foil bese kuyigcina endaweni ethile esibayeni. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, ziphinde zitshalwe enhlabathini. Ukukhula ngaphambi kokufika esizeni kuthatha iminyaka emi-2.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Impilo enhle ye-iplamu, futhi ikakhulukazi iplamu ebunjiweyo, iyikhulula ezifweni eziningi zezihlahla zezithelo. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa ngokunganakekeli kanye nokuhlukahluka okuhlukile kusenza buthaka izindlela zalo zokuvikela kumathonya athile angaphandle.
Isibonelo, ukutholwa kwezinsini - Enye yezifo ezivame kakhulu phakathi kwezihlahla zeplamu, kepha ikakhulukazi iplamu le-yachon alihlushwa yilokho. Izimbangela zayo ziyiziphene ekunakekelweni, njengokulimala komshini esiqwini ngenxa yokusebenza ngokunganaki ngethuluzi, ngokweqile ekutheneni izihlahla, kanye nezinto zemvelo njengokuqhekeka kwegxolo ngemuva kokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.
Uma uqala lesi sifo, iplamu ingafa. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, i-resin ngayinye eyakhiwe esihlahleni ngasinye kufanele ihlanzwe ngommese kuze kube kuvulwa izinkuni ezingalungisiwe futhi nezindawo zesilonda kufanele zangcoliswe nge-sulfate yethusi (1%), khona-ke kufanele imbozwe ngezinhlobo zezingadi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-plum aphid kubeka ingozi enkulu kuma-plums kanye naku-yachting. Lezi zinambuzane, ezidonsa ngamahlamvu aluhlaza, zincela ujusi esihlahleni, esinamakha ukomisa nokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ngemuva kokuthola izimuncagazi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezibandakanya ukwelashwa okulambisa izinambuzane (1 ithebhulethi ye-Intavir ilitha elilodwa lamanzi) kanye nokuhlanza ekwindla kwezihlahla zamagxolo amadala kanye nezinambuzane zobusika kuwo. Kulokhu, njenge-prophylaxis, ukwenziwa mhlophe kwamaqhubu namagatsha wamathambo, kanye nokubhujiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwamahlumela (yiqiniso, ezinhlotsheni eziyakha ngenkuthalo) kuyanconywa.
Isiphuzo Sokuphekela sePlum
Kukhona izindlela eziningi zokupheka ezinama-plums. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-dessert ama-classic, ama-pastries neziphuzo. Lesi sithelo senziwa kahle ngokomqondo futhi sihamba kahle nenyama.
Ungaqala ukupheka izitsha ezimnandi ngamaplamu afakwe emanzini anosawoti, esiwathatha:
- Ukudonsa okungama-6.5 kg
- Isikhwama esingu-1 sama-clove
- Isikhwama esingu-1 sesinamoni
- 2,5 amalitha amanzi
- 1 kg kashukela
- uhhafu welitha uviniga amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye.
Sigeza izithelo, sisuse umhlanga wazo, sibe yi-blanch emanzini ayi-80 imizuzu engama-2-3 futhi sisheshe sipholile ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo.
Emabhodleleni amathini, ubeke ama-clove nesinamoni bese usakaza izithelo kuwo, bese uthele u-marinade oshisayo lapho, umboze ngamabhodlela bese ubulala inzalo ngamazinga okushisa angama-90 half (amathini wehafu-litre - imizuzu eyi-12-16, ilitha - 17 - 20-litre - 30-35).
Siyasigingqa, siyiguqule sibheke phansi bese siyishiya ukuze ipholile emoyeni. Lawa ma-plums amnandi nje ngenyama. Isisindo esiphelele sezithako kanye ne-marinade kufanele sanele amathini wamalitha ayi-10.
Iresiphi yeGumbo kusuka ku-plum jam
Ukwenza i-plum jam ebizwa nge-Gumbo kulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:
- Ukukhishwa okungu-2 kg
- ikhasi elisikiwe elicwengekile lamawolintshi ama-2,
- ikhasi elikhethwe kahle eli-1 kalamula,
- 1.5 kg kashukela
- Amagremu angama-250 omisiwe omile ongenambewu,
- Amagremu ayi-125 ama-walnuts asikiwe angagayiwe.
Kwi-epanini elikhulu, usakaze zombili amakhasi, ushukela, ushukela, omisiwe bese ucwilisa amaqunube kalamula norenji phezulu. Ngomlilo othule, izithako ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zibiliswe cishe isigamu sehora, kuze kube yilapho yonke into iba mkhulu futhi nama-plums athambile.
Okulandelayo, engeza amantongomane, uvuselele ingxube ebilayo eminye imizuzu eyi-10 (umlilo uhamba kancane), nobuningi bawo buzoba sebabizwa kakhulu. Ijamu Ready ingathululelwa ezitsheni ezifudumele ezingcolile bese ziboshwa.
I-Homemade Plum Wine
I-Plum newayini, njengewayini lomvini, lehluke kakhulu kuye ngombala, kulokhu, izithelo. Ngakho-ke kusuka ku-plums eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-onsomi ungathola iwayini elikhulukazi le-ruby, futhi elimhlophe neliphuzi (njenge-plamu eyi-yachting) lilungele ukukhanya, cishe okumhlophe.
Kunoma ikuphi, udinga ukuqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe noma ezivinjiwe, vele, kumele zibe zintsha, zingapholi futhi zingaboli. Kulokhu, kungcono ukubayeka "baqambe amanga" elangeni izinsuku ezi-2. Akudingekile ukugeza izithelo ezenziwe ekhaya, ngoba zizulazula kakhulu, kepha ezitolo kufanele zigezwe.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze silungiselele newayini elenziwe elenziwe ekhaya kusuka kuma-plums, sithatha izithelo, sikhandwe ngamatshe, ngesisindo esiphelele sama-6 kg, esisikwe futhi sanyathelwa kancane, sithululela amalitha ama-vodka angama-2-3 phezulu, sigcizelela amasonto ama-3, bese hlanganisa komunye umkhumbi.
To the pulp esele esele ephakeme kunezinga layo sifaka amanzi ashushube kakhulu, akuyeke kuphole, kucwenge futhi kunciphise. I-ketshezi ephumayo ixubene noshukela ngokulingana okulinganayo. Hlanganisa isiraphu nge-vodka tincture, uyivale ngesihlakala samanzi bese ushiya iwayini likulesi simo kuze kube uqeda ukuzulazula.
