Isakhamuzi sendabuko saseCentral ne-Asia Ephakathi, i-amakhabe siya ngokuya sakha izindawo ezisenyakatho. Ngenxa yempumelelo yabafuyi bezithelo, izithelo zezinyosi zingatshalwa hhayi ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwe kuphela, kodwa nangomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezinambitheka okuhle kakhulu azikhiqizwa ngisho nasekugcotshweni kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, kodwa emhlabathini ovulekile nakulolo kuvulandi.
Kuyiqiniso, ikhabe lixakaniseka ngokwengeziwe futhi lifunwa kakhulu yizimo ukwedlula izihlobo eziseduze kakhulu - ukhukhamba namathanga, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lolu hlobo luthobela umlimi oshisekayo. Yini izici zamakhabe akhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile? Yibuphi ubunzima engahlangabezana nabo, futhi kanjani ukufezekisa izithelo zezitshalo ekhaya?
Ilungiselela imbewu yekhabe yokutshala
Imbewu eqinile, eyakhiwe kahle isetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa, ngenkathi ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthatha izinto zokuhlwanyelwa ezitholwe kwisilimo eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu edlule. Ukubona ukuthi, esithombeni, ikhabe likhula kanjani, ungabona:
- izitshalo ezinamandla ezivela embewini entsha eningi zinikeza izimbali zohlobo lowesilisa, futhi kukhona amaqanda amaningi kakhulu;
- Imivimbo engu-amakhabe kusuka imbewu endala ikhiqiza kakhudlwana.
Ukuze wandise ukuhluma kwembewu, acwiliswa amahora angama-12 kusisombululo se-boric acid ne-zinc sulfate noma kwesinye isivuseleli sokukhula.
Uma ukhula amakhabe endaweni evulekile emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, kungcono ukukhathazeka ngokuqinisa imbewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okuyothi kuyo:
- kuqala ukucwiliswa emanzini afudumele ngokushisa kwe-oda lika-30-35 ° C;
- bese kwesokunxele usuku lokushisa kwasekamelweni;
- for stratization, idluliselwa esiqandisini amahora angu-18, lapho izinga lokushisa lisondele ku-zero.
Imbewu ebolile ikulungele ukuhlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma izithombo.
Ungakhula kanjani amakhabe amakhabe ekhaya?
Njengoba wonke amalungu omndeni wethanga, ngenxa yengozi yokulimala kwezimpande, engathandi ukufakelwa, futhi isiko lishisa kakhulu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:
- inhlabathi escebeni esenzelwe i-melon kufanele ifudunyezwe kuze kufike ku-12-13 ° C;
- Ukutshala kumathebhulethi we-peat noma izinkomishi ezincane kwenziwa ngaphandle kwangaphambi kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini;
- ezitsheni zomthamo omkhulu wezithombo ungaba izinsuku ezingama-30.
Isibonelo, ebangeni eliphakathi lezithombo, kwamukelekile ukuhlwanyela imbewu ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli, khona-ke ngoJuni izitshalo ezincane kufanele zithuthele endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodwe we-peat kukuvumela ukuthi ugwemeobuhlungu bokufakelwa futhi ugcine kuze kufike amasonto amathathu lapho kukhula amakhabe endaweni evulekile.
Ukuze izithombo ezikhulayo zenze ingxube yenhlabathi yezingxenye ezilinganayo:
- humus;
- ukuhlanjululwa kungcolile;
- isihlabathi;
- inhlabathi engadini.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyagcotshwa futhi ifundiswe ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe izinto zokutshala ikhabe. Imbewu emibili itshalwe ebhodweni ngalinye elinobubanzi obungu-10-11 cm, ukuze kuthi, uma ubheka ukuthi ikhabe likhula kanjani, esithombeni, khetha ihlumela elinamandla, nelibuthakathaka ukusika, ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
Ukuvimbela ukubola kweziqu ezincane, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kuzithombo lifafazwa ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi esihlanzekile.
Okokukhula amakhabe ekhaya, zigcina amazinga okushisa nsuku zonke angaba ngu-20 ° C, kepha ebusuku umoya ungaphola ufike ku-15 ° C. Ukunisela ama-gourds, kufaka nekhabe, kudinga okulinganiselayo, njengoba indawo yangaphezulu yoma.
Sikhetha futhi silungisa isiza
Ngokwesiko laseningizimu elithanda ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga emhlabathini ovulekile, okhanyayo kakhulu, kepha ovaliwe kusuka kokubhaliwe nomoya obandayo, uyakhethwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umswakama ungagxili esakhiweni se-melon, ngaphandle kwalokho izifo ezibolile nezikhunta zezitshalo ngeke zivikeleke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhula amakhabe endaweni evulekile, inhlabathi ilungiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ekwindla, ikhabe elizayo:
- bamba ifosholo okungenani kwi-bayonet;
- zalisa nge-organic jambo, wethula ama-4-6 kg we-humus noma umquba ojikeleziwe nge-skwele ngasinye.
UMelon uthanda inhlabathi evulekile, ngakho-ke, enhlabathini enenkani, kunconywa ukwengeza isihlabathi somfula emibhedeni. Entwasahlobo, kumanyolo wamazambane kanye ne-phosphate kufakwa ku-ikhabe ukuze kufakwe.
Tshala ikhabe emhlabathini
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula amakhabe endaweni evulekile ilula kakhulu:
- Izitshalo ezincane zidinga ukuvikelwa emvuleni nasemakhazeni.
- Ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo kuncike ekwakhiweni kwezitshalo okuyikho, ukususwa kweziqongqwane zemivimbo kanye ne-ovary ngokweqile.
- Isheduli yokunisela esetshenzisiwe izosiza ekutholeni izithelo ezimnandi, ezigcwele umzimba ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.
- UMelon udinga ukondliwa njalo okunekhono.
Ukutshala izithombo nembewu kwenziwa kude okungenani kuka-60 cm komunye nomunye.
Imbewu ingcwatshwa ngo-5 cm, futhi, njengasendleleni yesithombo, imbewu engu-2-3 ifakwa emgodini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isipuni se-nitrofoski noma omunye umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ungezwa emgodini ngaphansi kwembewu nezithombo.
Uma izitshalo ezitshalwe emiphongolweni ye-peat zitshalwe kumakhabe, inhlama yobumba ayinakungcwatshwa. Ngemuva kokufafaza ngomhlaba, kufanele kukhuphuke ngaphezulu kwezinga elijwayelekile, kuphela uma izitshalo sezinkcenkceshiwe nenhlabathi emanzi ifakwe umhlabathi omile.
Esikhathini esizayo, izithombo ze-melon zingcono okokuqala, kuyilapho kukhona i-acclimatization, indawo yokukhosela elangeni, imvula nokupholisa okungenzeka. Njengoba usujwayela, lo greenhouse uyakhishwa amahora emini, bese kuthi ebusuku izitshalo ziphinde zifihlwe ngaphansi kwekhava.
Izici Zokunakekela iMelon
Ukukhula amakhabe emhlabathini ovulekile, lo mbala kufanele unake ukuthambisa, ukhulula inhlabathi, ugqoke phezulu futhi ukhula imibhede. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukulinda isivuno esihle uma ungaciphisi isiswebhu lapho sekuvele kukhona i-ovary futhi ungasusi amahlumela angenalutho asusa amabutho esihlahleni.
Ukuthukulula kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kuya ekujuleni kwe-10-12 cm, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande. Ngokukhula kwemivimbo engu-, umswakama uvulwe. Ukhula lwenziwa njengoba kunesidingo.
Indima ekhethekile empumelelweni yokukhula amakhabe emhlabathini ovulekile idlalwa ngokunisela ikhabe. Uma izitshalo zithola umswakama omncane, ziba zimbi kakhulu, ziyaqhakaza zinikeze i-ovary. Ukunisela ngokweqile kuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemivimbo nasezithelo, futhi amakhabe uqobo alahlekelwa okuqukethwe kwawo ushukela futhi abe manzi. Ukuqonda izidingo zezitshalo kuzosiza ekubhekeni ukuthi ikhabe likhula kanjani, futhi isithombe sikhombisa uhlelo lokunisela olunisela oluvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle komswakama:
- Imvamisa, inqobo nje uma kungekho amaqanda kuma-amakhabe, izitshalo zinqunyelwe ekuniseleni, zivikele ukwakheka kwamahlumela amaningi aseceleni.
- Lapho amaqanda esivele esenziwe futhi kufanele akhule, ukuthambisa kuba namandla kakhulu.
- Inyanga ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokuvuthwa ezilinganiselwe, amakhabe kancane kancane ayamiswa ukuthambisa ukuze izithelo zithole ubumnandi nephunga.
Imvamisa, abalimi be-melon bavame ukuba nombuzo: "Kungani i-melon iqhekeza bese iqala ukubola engadini? Ngokusobala, iphutha likhona ohlelweni lokunisela kanye nokuqina kwalo.
Imvamisa, izithelo ziyaqhekeka lapho, ngemuva kwenkathi eyomile, amaqanda asivele esenziwe endaweni eyodwa athole umswakama omningi.
Ukulimazeka kwezithelo kuyabonakala nangokuthi ikhabe elivuthiwe lilele enhlabathini emanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwe-ovary ngayinye, abatshali be-melon bayalulekwa ukuba basebenzise i-shard noma i-plaque encane. Ukulimala kungagwenywa uma, lapho ukhula amakhabe endaweni evulekile, sebenzisa ama-trellises futhi ulungisa izithelo ezisindayo ngenethi noma ngendwangu.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, phina isitshalo se-melon ngemuva kweqabunga lesithathu noma lesine ukwenza i-branching futhi uthole imivimbo eseceleni. Lapho kwakhiwa amaqanda ama-5-6 esitshalweni, izihlakala zamahhala zemisipha ziyanqunywa, kusale amashidi ama-2 kuya ezithelo zokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zikhula kusuka esitshalweni, izimbali ezingadingekile kanye namahlumela angenalutho ziyanqunywa, ukuze wonke amandla e-amakhabe aqonde ekugcwalisweni nasekuvuthweni kwezithelo esezivele zakhekile.
Ukugqoka njalo okuphezulu kufanele kusize lesi sitshalo, esokuqala senziwa ngisho nalapho kuqala iqabunga leqiniso. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwenziwa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ngaphansi kwamakhabe, bese kuthathwa umanyolo ngamaminerali kanye ne-organics. Isheduli yokondla ingashintshwa. Ngokuvamile, imvamisa yokunisela ngezixazululo zomanyolo yizinsuku eziyi-10-14.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinkulu, kungcono ukuthi izitshalo zinikeze ingxube ye-potassium-phosphorus. Futhi ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqediwe uphawu lokuqala lokuvuthwa kwamakhabe osekuqalile.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amakhabe nezinsimbi kuqoqana kalula amakhemikhali ngokweqile futhi, ikakhulukazi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, kungaba ngumthombo wama-nitrate ayingozi. Ngakho-ke, ngamanyolo e-nitrogen, i-melon gutter kufanele iqaphele.
Ungakhula kanjani ikhabe ekhaya
Uma wenza umzamo omncane futhi ubekezele, khona-ke ikhabe elimnandi linganqunywa esitshalweni esitshalwe efasiteleni laso uqobo noma kuvulandi. Okokuqala, ukuze ikhabe, uzodinga ukukhetha ibhodwe noma isitsha esinamthamo owanele, onesilinganiso esingaba amasentimitha okungenani angama-20. Ukudonswa kwamanzi kuyaphoqelelwa ezansi kwembiza, futhi inhlabathi isetshenziswe ngokufana nalena esetshenziselwa ukutshala izithombo.
Uma emibhedeni ebanzi imivimbo ekhulayo ingalala buthule emhlabathini, khona-ke ungakhula ikhabe ekhaya, usebenzisa i-trellis kuphela. Njengoba ikhula, imivimbo yokuhlinza ibekwa phezu kwayo, kodwa njengoba lesi sitshalo sisesilinganisweni esilinganiselwe senhlabathi, sizokhula kahle ikhabe ibe isiqu esisodwa.
Akumele sikhohlwe ukuthi amakhabe afuna kakhulu ukukhanyisa, ngakho-ke isizathu esikhulu sokwehluleka kokukhulisa lesi sitshalo kumamakholoni, kuma-windows sill noma kumathafa kuwukuntuleka kokukhanya. Ungasinxephezela ngokuhlela i-backlight ye-LED eyengeziwe ehlangabezana nezidingo zezitshalo amahora angama-14-16 ngosuku.
Ukuze usindise umswakama, ukuvikela ukhula ekuhlumeni futhi unikeze ikhabe ngokushisa kwenhlabathi okungaba ngu-20-25 ° C, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lifakwe ulayini ngefilimu noma ngezinto ezikhethekile. Ukuhlinzekwa ngomswakama kunganikezwa ohlelweni lokunisela nge-drip ngokunezela noma ukunciphisa inani lamanzi elinikezwayo, kuya ngokuthi ikhabe likhula kanjani.
Lapho amakhabe akhule ekhaya eba usayizi wenqindi, amahlumela angeziwe, izimbali kanye nengaphezulu lokuqhuma okuyinhloko kuyabekwa. Ekhaya, kungcono ukungashiyi amaqanda angaphezu kwesithathu esitshalweni esisodwa, esiboshelwe ku-trellis sisebenzisa inetha noma izicubu ezithambile.
