Ukusakazwa kwemifino yamagilebhisi

Ingxenye 1. Amagilebhisi azalwe ukuze anikeze ukungafi
Ingxenye 2. Izici zokunakekelwa kwesivini
Ingxenye 3. Umvini kumele uhlupheke. Izihlahla
Ingxenye 4 Ukuvikelwa kwamagilebhisi ezifweni zokukhunta
Ingxenye 5. Ukuvikelwa kwamagilebhisi ezinambuzaneni
Ingxenye 6. Ukusakazwa kwemifino yezithelo zomvini
Ingxenye 7. Ukusakazwa kwamagilebhisi ngokuxhunyelelwa
Ingxenye 8. Amaqembu nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi

Umvini, njengezinye izitshalo, unamandla okuzala ngendlela yezitshalo nembewu. Ngokuzalela ekhaya, ukusakazeka kwembewu empeleni akusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, sizogxila ezindleleni zokusakazwa kokumanyiswa, okwenziwa ukusikwa (okuthe mpo okuluhlaza okotshani, ihlobo, ubusika), ukubekeka, inzalo nokugoma.

Isisekelo sokusakazwa kokumanyayo ukubuyiselwa kwesitshalo sonke kusuka kwizitho ngazinye ngaphandle kwesicelo noma ukusebenzisa isisusa sokukhula nokukhula kwengxenye ehlukanisiwe. Ukusakazwa kwemifino ngokusikeka nangokubeka kungabizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa, ngoba baphinda izakhiwo zesitshalo sikamama kukho konke.

Amagilebhisi © Derek Markham

Ukukhetha kanye nokugcina ama-cutways ebusika

Inhloso enkulu yokuzala kabusha ukuthola inamba enkulu yezitshalo ezinezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zesitshalo somama: ukukhiqiza, ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukumelana nesithwathwa, njll. Yebo, ungathenga izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo ngalezi zakhiwo ezingenhla, kepha akekho ozoqinisekisa ukuthi uzithengisile ngqo lezo zithombo ozidingayo . Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusakaza ngokuzimela izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezifiselekayo.

Amandla wokusakazwa kokusatshiswa emvinini athuthukile kwinqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo samagilebhisi zathola amandla okwenza izimpande (ama-petioles amaqabunga, imilenze ye-inflorescence namajikijolo, izingxenye zezimpande), kepha kuphela amahlumela ngokwawo akha (abuyisele) sonke isitshalo somama. Izinso, ezakhiwa emcabangweni wamaqabunga asezindaweni zomvini, zinesibopho sokubuyiselwa okuphelele kwesitho esisha. Lezi zinso zibizwa nge-axillary, kanye nobusika noma amehlo. Kwakuyibo abathola futhi bahlanganisa amandla okwenza kabusha zonke izitho zesitshalo sikamama.

Ukuthola isitshalo esisha esinempilo, kufanele ulandele imithetho embalwa:

Lokhu kukhethwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela kusuka esihlahleni somama esinempilo ngokuphelele nezinkomba ezinhle zesivuno, ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukumelana nezifo kanye nokulimazeka kwezinambuzane, amandla aphezulu okwenza uhlelo olusha lwezimpande ekuhlushweni kwezitshalo.
Ekulungiseleleni ekwindla ukusikwa, sikhetha amahlumela anesilinganiso esingamamitha ayi-7mm, afakwe umanyolo ehlobo.
Kungcono ukuvuna ukusikeka kusuka amahlumela akhiwe emfolweni wokufakwa esikhundleni noma phakathi komcibisholo wezithelo.
Sisusa zonke izitho zemvelo kumvini ohlukanisiwe (izintuthwane, amaqabunga, ama-stepons, i-apex eluhlaza engavuthiwe).
Sika ukusika ngobude bamehlo ayi-2-4. Sinqume ingxenye engezansi yesibambo, ihlehla kabili ngo-2-3 cm esweni elingaphansi nge-engeli ka-45 *. Ingaphezulu ligawulwa ngokungagxili ngokuthambekela kusuka ezinso, 1.5-2.0 cm indent.
Engxenyeni engezansi yesibambo, sikhipha amanxeba amancane, sisika amagxolo ezindaweni ezi-2-3. Kungcono ukuklabha amanxeba ngenaliti emincane. Imivimbo eqondile (kuya kungqimba ye-cambial) izosheshisa ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Izimbumbulu zifakwa esitsheni esinamanzi amahora angu-10-15, bese kuba amahora angama-1-2 kusixazululo se-sulfate yethusi yokuhlonza isifo (i-3-4%).
Siyomisa emoyeni bese, sisonga ifilimu, siyibeka kwisitoreji.
Ungagcina ukusikwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi, egumbini elingaphansi noma esisele. Ngesikhathi sokukhiya, sibheka kakhulu ukuphepha kwezokusika, sikuguqule kubheke phansi.

Sika amagilebhisi. © Emma Cooper

Umsuka we-cutways ebusika

Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, lapho izingqimba zisendaweni yokuphumula ephoqelekile, sizisusa kwisitoreji futhi siqaphe ukuphepha. Uma kuvela i-ketshezi lapho ucindezela ingxenye yesiphambano enesiphetho esingenamfihlo sama-secateurs, isibambo siyaphila. Uma amanzi edonsa ngaphandle kokucindezela, isiqu siyabola lapho sigcinwa ngendlela engafanele.
Izisiki ezibukhoma zifakwe emanzini izinsuku ezingama-1-2 emanzini afudumele, ziyibuyisela njalo okusha.
Ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3, hlisa ukuphela, wehlise ukusikeka esitsheni ngesisombululo se-ejensi ye-rooting (izimpande, i-heteroauxin) amahora angama-20- 24. Sishiya ama-buds angama-2-2 kwisibambo, usike okusele.
Zilungiselelwe uhlaza, izitshalo ezisikiwe ukuze zikwazi ukuqothula eyodwa ngesikhathi ngamabhodlela angaphansi kwamanzi amaminerali, zinqume engxenyeni engxenyeni eyayincishwe ngaphambili noma ezingilazini zepulasitiki ezinde.

Emathangini alungiselelwe ukhula lwenhlanganisela, ezansi, sibeka izimbobo ezimbalwa ze-awl zamanzi nokugeleza kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Sibeka ungqimba lwamanzi amatshe abunjiwe noma isihlabathi esiqhekekile. Silungisa ingxube yenhlabathi kusuka ezweni lasehlathini kanye ne-humus (1: 1), sithulule ingxenye yalo ngesendlalelo esingu-cm cm sokudonsa amanzi.

Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela futhi iniselwe. Maphakathi nengxube yenhlabathi engilazini, ukusikwa kutshalwe kuze kufike ku-4-5 cm, nasebhodleleni ukuze izinso elingaphezulu (iso) libe sezingeni lengxenye ephezulu yesitsha. Sengeza amakhono ngesendlalelo se-sawdust noma ezinye izinto. Mboza ngaphezulu ngengilazi yepulasitiki. Thela amanzi afudumele epanini nsuku zonke noma ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2. Sibeka isitsha kanye nokusikwa okumiwe epanini elinamanzi imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Lapho amaqabunga amadala ekhula emehlweni futhi izimpande ezincane zibonakala ezindongeni ezivele obala, lesi sitshalo esisheshayo sishiswa izinsuku eziningana. Izithombo ezisikiwe zibizwa ngokuthi izithombo ezikhulisa izimpande futhi zikulungele ukutshala unomphela.

Izithombo zokusika izimpande zamagilebhisi. © Emma Cooper

Abanye abatshali, ukuze bangahluphi ngeziqukathi zokwenza ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele, yenza lula. Bamba umsele ekujuleni kwama-cuttings, okuniselwe. Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi esethathiwe, ungqimba lwe-8-10 cm yenhlanganisela yomhlabathi evundile ethuliwe lugxotshwa phansi komsele bese okusikwa kusitshaliwe, kukujulisa ngo-4-5 cm. Zimbozwe ngomunye ungqimba wenhlabathi, ziphinde ziniswe ngamanzi afudumele bese zimboza ngokuphelele izingqimba ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, zakha indunduma phezulu. Ukunisela kwenziwa kanye ngeviki, namanzi afudumele emfudlaneni omncane (inhlabathi ayikwazi ukugeza) emaphethelweni womsele. Lapho amahlumela anamaqabunga avela ngenhla kwendunduma, khona-ke ukusikeka kugxilile. Abanye abatshali ngonyaka ofanayo batshalwe unomphela, abanye bashiyelwa ukuthutha kwentwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika okuluhlaza

Ama-cutways aluhlaza avunwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali lapho kuqhutshwa izikhonkwane kanye nemfucumfucu yamahlumela amasha. Ukusika amahlumela kufanele kufakwe ngokushesha emanzini ngesiphetho esiphansi. Ngemuva kokudubula ngakunye kuphela kusuka ezingxenyeni eziphansi naphakathi nendawo sisika izingcezu ezinamaqabunga ama-2 namaqabunga ama-2 akhiwe ku-sinus yazo bese sizibuyisela ebhakheni lamanzi. Ezisheni eziluhlaza, senza i- cut cut oblique ngaphansi kwefindo elingaphansi, bese sisika phezulu esiqwini, sishiya ibanga eliyi-1,0-1,5 cm ngaphezu kwefindo eliphezulu.Beka izingcezu ezisikiwe ezingxenyeni engezansi amahora angama-7-8 empandeni noma empini ye-heteroauxin. Izimbambo zesisombululo zisendaweni yokushisa yomoya + 20- + 22 * C nasekukhanyiseni ukukhanya. Ngaphambi kokutshala esitsheni se-rooting, susa ishidi elingaphansi nengxenye ye-petiole, unqume i-1/2 yeqabunga leqabunga phezulu.

Izilimo zitshalwa emabhokisini alungiselelwe ngemuva kuka-5-6 cm noma u-1 ngamunye ezindebe zepulasitiki ziye ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm. Silungisa inhlabathi ukuthi ihlangane ngokufana nokusika kwe-midzi ebusika. Sithambisa umhlabathi osikiwe, sakha izimo zokugcina ukushisa + 22- + 25 * C ngomswakama ophezulu. Fafaza izithombo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku ngamanzi afudumele. Siyabakhulula emjondolo lapho sebeqala ukukhula. Siyazithoba futhi sidlulisele ezimweni zokuphila ezijwayelekile. Sikhula lonke ihlobo ngendlela yasekuqaleni, ngoba ebusika siyibeka egumbini elingaphansi noma esisele. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kobusika, sifaka esitsheni esikhulu ngokudluliselwa (ungakubeka ebhakedeni) kwathi ngoSepthemba sithutha saya esiteshini esingapheli.

Ukusakazeka ngokubekwa okuqondile

Ukuzala kabusha ngokubekwa ngokuqondile mpo kwenziwa ngqo ehlathini lomama. Le ndlela ilungele izinhlobo ezingafani nokwakheka kwezimpande. Zonke amahlumela zinqunywa entwasahlobo ngamehlo ayi-2-3. Isihlahla siyadliwa futhi siyaniselwa. Amahlumela aqothulwe akhule afinyelela kuma-25 cm ayabukwa. Susa okuphindwe kabili, okuhlanganisiwe. Shiya kuphela uqinile, ukhule kahle. Amahlumela angakwesobunxele ahlukaniswa ngamasentimitha angama-5 ukuya kwangu-10 ngokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi okulungiselelwe ngokukhethekile kusuka enhlabathini, isihlabathi, i-humus (1: 1: 1) ngokufakwa kwe-10-15 g ye-nitrophosphate. Ama-cm angama-50 amahlumela aphinda afakelwe izingxube zenhlabathi aze afike ku-30 cm. Amahlumela asekhulile ayenziwa ibunjiwe, okushiya amahlumela ngaphezu komhlaba odumile okungama-20-25 cm. Kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo, isitshalo somama esinamahlumela amancane siyakudulwa, kukhiqizwe ukhula, kudliwe, kuniselwe, kuhlanganiswe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ehlobo ukuze izakhi zomzimba zisetshenziswe kahle ekwakhekeni kwezimpande. Ngo-ekwindla, izimpande zikhula engxenyeni yobumba yamahlumela. Ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga esewile, inhlabathi iskhuliwe futhi izithombo zezithombo ezinkulu zesahlukaniswa ngokucophelela yi-secateurs. Izindebe ezincane zihlala kulesi sitshalo somama, esizonikeza amahlumela amasha ngonyaka olandelayo. Izimbumbulu ezisikiwe zibekwa engaphansi noma emiphongolweni ukuze zigcinwe futhi entwasahlobo zitshalwe zingapheli.

Ukusakazeka ngokubekwa okulele (indlela yamaShayina, ukubekwa kwesiShayina)

Indlela ilula kakhulu, ishesha. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezinhlotsheni ezinokwakheka kwezimpande okusheshayo.

Entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi engxenyeni eyakhiwe izimpande ifudumala ifinyelela ku + 14- + 15 * C emithini yesihlahla esivulekileyo samagilebhisi, ihlumela elinezimbali elivuvukala, eliqondiswe ngokulandelana, liyashiswa (ngama-buds bukhoma ngemuva kwesithwathwa sentwasahlobo). Esivinini esimbozayo, le nqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokuvula izihlahla.
Kugaywa igreyidi emgqeni kanye nobude bonke behlumela elikhethiwe elinobubanzi obuyi-10-12 cm. Ngaphansi kwama-grooves kuthululwa ngamafosholo angama-0,5 futhi kutholwe ngo-3-5 cm ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enezingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi, i-humus nesihlabathi. Ukunisela kakhulu, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi endaweni yokudla.
Umvini ose-internode uthambisa amanxeba amakhulu we-longitudinal (nge-awl acute), ngaphandle kokuthinta amehlo. Indawo ngayinye enezinso (iso) isihlahla esizayo nezimpande.
Umvini olungiselelwe ubekwe ngobunono egreyini, uphonsa ukuthambekela kwenkuni emhlabathini.
Isiphetho sokudubula sigobekile futhi siboshwe nge-ayisishiyagalombili ukusekelwa ngokhuni.
Umvini umbozwe ngengxube esele yenhlabathi, ihlanganiswe kancane, iniselwe futhi ibilisiwe.
Indawo igcinwa ihlanzekile phakathi nehlobo, wonke ukhula asuswa ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi. Kugcotshwe ngokuhlelekile ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ukunisela kuqediwe ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ku-Agasti.
Amahlumela aqhamuke ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba aboshelwe kwizisekeli (empeleni zokhuni, ukuze zingashisi ngensimbi eshisayo).
Amahlumela aqanjwa kaninginingi ngesikhathi sokukhula, eshiya umvini ungabi ngaphezu kwama-50-70 cm.

Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, bumba umvini ngokucophelela bese unquma:

uma amahlumela anezimpande emvinini abuthakathaka, ayophinde afakwe odongeni futhi ashiyelwe ubusika. Entwasahlobo bazisika ngamehlo ayi-2-3, zibakhule ngesikhathi sehlobo kanti ekwindla noma entwasahlobo elandelayo bezitshala zona unomphela,
uma amahlumela aqinile anezimpande ezinhle ze-microus enziwe ekwindla, umvini unqunywa kube izithombo zomuntu ngamunye ezikhula ezimpandeni bese zigcinwa egumbini elingaphansi noma emiphongolweni kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngokuqala kokushisa, atshalwa endaweni evulekile yokukhula noma ngokushesha atshalwe kwisisekelo esingapheli,
uma kulindeleke ubusika obubandayo, futhi ukubuna kube buthakathaka, khona-ke wonke umvini uhlukaniswe esihlahleni sikamama futhi, hhayi ukusika izingxenye, ubekwa engaphansi ukuze ugcinwe. Entwasahlobo, uthathe izingcezu bese utshalelwe ukukhula.