Uhlobo lwe-orchid ikati (I-Catasetum) imelelwa ngama-epiphytes. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-150. Zitholakala ngemvelo eMelika eseNingizimu kanye naseMelika Ephakathi. Imvamisa, izitshalo ezinjalo zitholakala eBrazil.
Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngemvelo yokukhula kahle. Ine-rhizome efushane (ihlumela lokukhonkotha), ngenkathi icindezelwa ngokuqinile emhlabathini, yingakho ama-pseudobulbs asemancane akhula acishe abe amadala. I-cluster elongated oval pseudobulbs ifana ne-cigars eluhlaza ebengezelayo, enamaphethelo akhombe. Ezinhlotsheni ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngokwanele, ama-pseudobulbs avuthiwe afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-20, namasentimitha ayi-7 ububanzi. Ama-pseudobulbs amancane, angakafiki iminyaka engu-1 ubudala, anamaqabunga, futhi abantu abadala banqunu ngokuphelele. Kukhona amaqabunga amaningi esitho sangasese sowesifazane, imvamisa ukusuka kwabathathu kuya kwabayisikhombisa. Ingxenye etholakala ngaphansi kwepuleti leshidi ifilimu, futhi isebenza njenge-wrapper. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuba iqabunga lifile futhi lomile, le izicubu zihlala phezu kwe-pseudobulb, futhi akuvumeli umswakama onqwabelanayo ukuba uphume ngokushesha okukhulu. Amaqabunga amancane anombala onesikhumba esimile nendawo evulekile ebonakalayo. Ngobude, afinyelela kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30.
Lolu hlobo lwama-orchid luvelele phakathi kwezinye ngoba lunezimbali ezithixwa zezimbali. Izimbali, ezingamaduna, zinobukhulu obukhulu (ubukhulu kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12), ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zipendwe ngombala ogcwele, zikhulu kakhulu kwi-peduncle. Izimbali zabesifazane azizikhulu kangako futhi zibukeka kalula. Inqwaba yezinhlobo inezimbali ezingamaduna ezihlangene (ziphendulwe zibheke phansi), nesindebe esikhulu, esigoqeka esakhiweni noma esisesimweni sokugoba esigaxwe, silenga phezu kwembali. Ama-petals anamafutha (amacembe) namathuna (amathuna) anejamo lokusaqanda noma le-lanceolate. Ikholomu ephakeme inezimpawu eziningi. Zonke izimbali zabesifazane “zilungile”, izindebe zazo zibukeka njengesigqoko, futhi ikholomu ayide futhi incane njengembali yabesilisa.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Katasetum orchid ekhaya
Iningi lezinhlobo zama-orchid anjalo atuswa ukuba atshalwe e-orchidarium noma eluhlaza okotshani. Futhi kukhona lezo zinhlobo ezingakwazi ukukhula ezikhungweni zekamelo nhlobo, ziwela esimweni esingajwayelekile, zifa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Imodi yokushisa
Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga umbuso wokushisa ofudumele, ngenkathi kuyadingeka kuye ukuthi aqinisekise umehluko emazingeni okushisa nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, i-catasetum izokhula futhi ikhule ngokujwayelekile emazingeni okushisa esikhathi sasemini angama-29-32 degrees, futhi ebusuku - ama-21-24 degrees.
Uma kufiswa, le mbali ingadluliselwa emgwaqweni. Lapho angahlala kusuka maphakathi no-Meyi kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ingadi noma i-balcony ilungele lokhu. Kulokhu, umehluko odingekayo ekushiseni kwansuku zonke uzoba wemvelo.
Ukukhanya
Imbali idinga ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo unyaka wonke, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kufanele isetshenziswe. Abatshali bezimbali abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukubeka i-orchid enjalo ngaphansi kwama-phytolamp anamandla, ngaleyo ndlela esikhundleni salokho kukhanyisa okungokwemvelo. Isikhathi sasemini kufanele sibe nesikhathi samahora ayi-10.
Izitshalo ezine-pseudobulbs ezinamahlamvu, kanye nalezo ezinezimbali eziqhakazayo, kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezivikelwe elangeni ngqo lapho zigcinwa ngaphandle. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukuvutha kungavela kuzimbali, nakumahlamvu aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukubeka i-catasetum endaweni enombala kakhulu akunconywa.
Ingxube yomhlaba
Ukuze ukhule, kusetshenziswa amabhlogo namabhodwe. Ukugcwalisa imbiza, kusetshenziswa i-substrate, equkethe izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini wengxenyana enkulu, inani elincane le-sphagnum namalahle.
Ucezu olukhulu lwegxolo likaphayini livame ukusetshenziswa njengebhlokhi. Phezu kwaso, izimpande kanye ne-rhizome yesitshalo kuqondile, ngenkathi ngaphambili zazigoqiwe ngensimbi engenamamba moss.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi phakathi kokunisela ama-bark kumele impela ome kahle. Le mbali inconyelwa ukuniselwa hhayi ngendlela ejwayelekile, kepha ngokuntywilisela ebhulokini noma embizeni esitsheni esigcwele amanzi. Kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho amagxolo nohlelo lwezimpande lugcwele uketshezi, bese ususa imbali emanzini. Lapho kukhipha uketshezi oluningi, i-catasetum kufanele ibuyiselwe endaweni yayo ejwayelekile.
Ukuze uvuselele ukuqhakaza, ama-orchidists anolwazi olunzulu ayalwa ukuthi ahlele iseshini eshisayo ngesitshalo esinisela noma cwilisa imbali ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi, okufanele ihlanjululwe ibe ngama-35 degrees.
Umswakama
Isitshalo esinjalo sihlangabezana kabi nomswakama womoya ophansi. Umswakama omkhulu walesi simbali ungamaphesenti angama-70-80. Ukuze wandise umswakama ube kuleli zinga elidingekayo, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-humidifiers wasendlini noma ama-generator enjini. Uma i-catacetum ikhule e-orchidarium, khona-ke kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umoya ongavuthiwe omile ungadala ukuvela kwezifo zokukhunta. Kulokhu, ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kunconywa umoya omncane ohleliwe.
Isikhathi sokuphumula
Isikhathi sokuphumula sale orchid siqala maphakathi no-Novemba. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ezindaweni avela kuzo, kuqala isikhathi esimnandi nesomileyo. Izinga lokushisa lomoya kule nkathi kufanele lisuke kumadigri ayi-18 kuye kwangama-20, ngenkathi ukuthambisa kumele kumiswe ngokuphelele, kepha ukukhanya kufanele kushiywe ezingeni elifanayo. Uma ama-pseudobulbs enziwe amalanga aqine kakhulu, khona-ke ukuwagcina esesimweni esinempilo, i-substrate kufanele ifafazwe ngokuhlelekile, kodwa kancane kuphela. Ukunisela kuqala ngokugcwele ngemuva kokuvela kwama-pseudobulbs amasha, kanye nezimpande zokuqala.
Uma ulahla inkathi yokushisa, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siyoqhakaza kabi, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukuqhakaza kungahle kuphele.
Izici Zokufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesikhathi sokuguguleka, ezinye izimpande ziyafa kuyi-catasetum, ezingagcini nje ngokungcolisa i-substrate, kodwa futhi zibangele ukuvela kwesikhunta ezahlukahlukene kanye namagciwane. Kuyadingeka ukufakelwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, ngesikhathi lapho izimpande ezintsha zikhula ngokuqinile kuma-pseudobulbs amasha.
Umanyolo
Bondla isikhathi esi-1 ngeviki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wama-orchid, kuyilapho umthamo kufanele ubhekwe kwiphakheji. Umanyolo uvame ukuncibilikiswa emanzini ukuze kufakwe umswakama kusuka ku-sprayer noma ukuchelela.
Ngesikhathi sokuwa, imbali ayivundiswa.
Izindlela zokuzala
Lapho ikhulile ngaphakathi endlini, i-katasetum ingasakazwa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome yayo, okufanele ikhule, ibe izingxenye. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlukana ngakunye kumele okungenani kube nama-pseudobulbs a-3 avuthiwe.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni, lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa imbewu futhi ngokuhlukahluka.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Kumaqabunga amancane, i-spider izimbuzane ivame ukuhlaliswa. Uma kutholakala inkathazo enjalo, imbali kufanele ibe nesifutho esifudumele (esingama-degrees angama-45), kanti amaqabunga kufanele ahlazwe ngokuphelele. Uma kunesidingo esinjalo, inqubo-ke kumele iphindwe.
Esimweni lapho i-catasetum inganikezwa khona ngezimo ezifanele, ingahle iyeke ukuqhakaza, ukukhula kwama-pseudobulbs amasha, futhi kwezinye izimo ifa ngokuphelele.
