Amagilebhisi yisiko lesikhathi eside elidinga ukunakekelwa kokwenza izinhlungu okuvela kumlimi. Ukutshala amagilebhisi ekotishi lasehlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba endaweni encane akulula ukwaba isikhala esiningi emvinini, ukuhlinzeka amahlumela ngokukhanya nokushisa okwanele.
Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ngesakhiwo somuntu siqu, umuntu kufanele avele ezimweni zezulu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ezimfanelweni zemvelo zesitshalo.
- Amagilebhisi akhetha ukukhula ngasohlangothini olunelanga futhi awukwazi ukumelana nokugunda okungapheli. Lapho utshala ekhishini lasehlobo, kungcono ukuthi izihlahla zibheke indawo ohlangothini oluseningizimu futhi zinikeze izitshalo isivikelo emoyeni.
- Ngokwengxenye enkulu, amagilebhisi yi-thermophilic futhi angahlupheka ngesikhathi sobusika noma isithwathwa sentwasahlobo.
- Amagilebhisi adinga ukwelashwa okufanele ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ezibangela ukulimaza okulimazayo kwesitshalo.
- Kubalulekile ukukhetha uzungu lamagilebhisi anomhlabathi ofanele wokukhula, ukudonsa kahle nokushisa.
Uma umlimi engakwazi ukudala izimo ezintofontofo zezihlahla ezitshaliwe, ungalindela isivuno esiphakeme nesisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kepha amagilebhisi akhethwe ukutshala kumele aqine kakhulu, akhiqize futhi kube lula ukuwanakekela.
Isabella Amagilebhisi
Enye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu futhi ezingabekezeleleki, ezivunwe emuva ngekhulu le-18 e-United States, amagilebhisi e-Isabella akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo ezifundeni eziningi ezinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene nezenhlabathi. Isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-130 kuya kwezingu-150 sidlula kusuka ekuvulekeni kwamahlamvu kuya ekuvuthweni kwamajikijolo amnyama ayindilinga. Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ingeyokwetafula-lobuchwepheshe, ibekezelela ubusika obubanda kalula futhi ingatshalwa ngaphandle kwezindawo zokukhosela ezengeziwe, ezingamelana nezifo eziningi ne-phylloxera. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, i-Isabella imvamisa isetshenziselwa ukudonsa umhlaba.
Ngokwencazelo nesithombe, lolu hlobo lwamagilebhisi egcekeni lasehlobo libonisa ukukhula okuphezulu. Ukuze ungashiyi ukuxinana okwedlulele kwezihlahla, okuthuthukisa ukukhula kwesikhutha futhi kubambezele ukuqothuka kwamahlumela kanye nokuqongelela ushukela ngamajikijolo, umvini ufakwa ngaphansi kokuthenwa kwehlobo.
Emotweni yasehlobo, amagilebhisi e-Isabella akhiqiza iziqubu zesigaxa esiminyene esinesisindo esingamagremu ayi-140 kuye kwangama-200 futhi siqukethe amajikijolo amnandi futhi amuncu ambozwe ukumbozwa okuluhlaza okotshani.
Amur amagilebhisi
Amagilebhisi e-Amur atshalwe ezindlini eziningi zasehlobo anezimpawu eziningi njenge-Isabella. Izinhlobo zamasiko zalesi sitshalo esingenakukholwa, ikakhulukazi ezitholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ezitholakala ngokuwela isitshalo esikhula kude saseMpumalanga, zithola indawo yazo enkabeni yeRussia.
Ukusuka kukhokho wasendle, amagilebhisi e-Amur, ngokusho kwencazelo nesithombe, athatha ukumelana nesithwathwa, umvini ubekezelela ukubanda kuze kufike ku-40 ° C, ukuqina kanye nezinga lokwakhiwa kwamahlumela amasha.
Amabhubesi amadala alesi sitshalo angakhuphuka aze afike kumamitha angama-30 ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yokukhula. Ukukhula minyaka yonke kudlula amamitha ayi-2, futhi isiqu esikhulu somvini sinamandla kangangokuba sifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. Ukuqhakaza kwalolu luhlobo lwamagilebhisi kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izimbali, njengezinye izinhlobo zale nhlobo, azikwazi ukubizwa njengezikhangayo, kepha iphunga elimnandi elivela emabhulashini liheha izinambuzane eziningi.
Ama-bunchi avuthwa ngo-Septhemba makhulu, kwesinye isikhathi afinyelela kubude obungama-25 cm futhi anesisindo esingu-250 amagremu. Ngokwesilinganiso, amabhulashi anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-70 futhi aqukethe amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama. Ukuvumelana kwamajikijolo kunoshukela, ukunambitheka kumnandi noma, ngokuya ngesifunda esikhulayo nezimo zezulu, zimuncu, zimnandi. Amajikijolo ambozwe isikhumba aminyene futhi zingadliwa zombili ezintsha futhi njengengxenye yamalungiselelo Culinary.
Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni kanye nencazelo yazo yezinhlobonhlobo, amagilebhisi e-Amur ahlukaniswa ngamahlamvu amakhulu, anombala oluhlaza okotshani ehlobo, futhi athola imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, owolintshi noma ophuzi ngokuwa. Le mpahla yale nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi iyenza ibaluleke ngokukhethekile lapho utshala uzungu nendlu yezwe.
Amagilebhisi weKesha: incazelo ehlukahlukene nesithombe
Ukusuka kumgilebhisi weKesha otshalwe ekhotini ehlobo, amajikijolo okuqala kufanele kulindeleke izinsuku ezingama-120-130 ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu Izinhlobonhlobo zakha imivini ekhuthele enamahlumela avuthiwe avuthayo asinda ebusika ngamazinga okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-23 ° ะก. Amahlumela amagilebhisi aqala ukuqina, lesi sitshalo sanda ukumelana nokutheleleka nge-hlobo kanye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa isikhunta. Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ihlukaniswa ukungena kwayo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezithelo, isivuno esikhulu nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo.
Njengoba kungabonakala encazelweni nakwisithombe samagilebhisi weKesha, izinhlobonhlobo zinikeza amabhulashi wesilinda wokulingana osesilinganisweni, anesisindo esukela ku-500 kuye ku-900 amagremu. Amajikijolo amakhulu, ambozwe isikhumba esimaphakathi, anombala okhanyayo wegolide noma omhlophe ngombala opinki, ubude obufika ku-3.2 cm nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-12. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo ale nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi amnandi, kuyavumelana, ukuthungwa kunobukhulu.
Ngemuva kokususwa emvinini, iziqu zomvini weKesha zingagcinwa futhi zihanjiswe.
Amagilebhisi Vostorg: Incazelo ezahlukahlukene nezithombe
Ukuvuthwa ngentshiseko kwezinsuku ezingama-110-120 ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu amancane kungafakwa esithombeni nezincazelo zezithelo zamagilebhisi zekhishi lasehlobo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zinamandla okukhula aphakathi, ukubekezelela okuhle kwesithwathwa sasebusika, kuze kube--25 ° C, nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu. Ngokuya ngezimo zezulu kanye nesifunda sokutshala, umvini udinga ukwelashwa okuyi-1-2 kusuka ku-oidium ne-isikhutha. Amahlumela acishe njalo avuthwe ebusika, imiphumela emihle esekhotini ehlobo ingatholakala ngokutshala amagilebhisi okuqothula ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, ngokwesibonelo, ekwakhekeni okwakhiwe.
Isiko lisabela kahle ekuniseleni nasekugqokeni phezulu, linikeze amaqembu amakhulu anesisindo esukela ku-550 kuya ku-2000 amagremu. Izihlahla ezinomthamo omkhulu wezinkuni zisetshenziswa izitshalo ezinhle ikakhulukazi. Ngokusho kwesithombe nencazelo kumvini weRapture, amajikijolo anejamojolo avuthwa, ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-2.7 cm nesisindo samagremu ayisikhombisa. Umbala wamajikijolo avuthiwe umhlophe noma umhlophe golide, inyama yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamagilebhisi imnandi, imnandi ngokuqukethwe okumnandi koshukela.
Amabhulashi avuthiwe ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi angahlala inyanga nenyanga emabhusha. Isilimo sigcinwa kahle.
Amagilebhisi anyuta: Izincazelo ezahlukahlukene nezithombe
UV.N Krainov ungumlobi wezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi nezindlela eziphezulu zokuvumela inzalo ezaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bemvelo. Ngokwencazelo nesithombe samagilebhisi ama-Anyuta, le nzalo ekhethiwe yaseKrainov nayo ifanele ukunakwa abalimi nabahlali basehlobo. Ukuvunwa okunothile okuvela ezihlahleni ezinde zamagilebhisi kuthathwa engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, kuyilapho okujwayelekile kuyinto edingekayo ekwakhiweni kwezimbali nama-ovary kulolu nhlobonhlobo lwamagilebhisi, ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile, amahlumela avuthwa kakhulu futhi amajikijolo amancani futhi amnandi.
Ngokuphikiswa okukhulu kwezifo, kungcono ukufihla izihlahla ebusika, ngoba amagilebhisi we-Anyuta asenkabeni yeRussia awalimeli isithwathwa ngokwanele.
Amabhulashi ama-Conical amagilebhisi alezi zinhlobonhlobo anesisindo esingu-700-1200 amagremu. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, mkhulu kakhulu, afinyelela ku-14 amagremu ngesisindo. Amajikijolo ama-anyuta anomibala omuhle ogqamile opinki, obukhulu, kepha awukheqi, ikhasi, ukunambitheka okuvumelanayo nephunga le-mustrusive.
Amagilebhisi uVictor
Amagilebhisi amagilebhisi ahlanganisiwe kaVictor avuthwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba, futhi ahlobene nokufinyelelwe kweV. Krainov, anikeze ngisho namaqoqo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Umvini wale nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi unikeza ukukhula okuqinile, amahlumela avuthwe kahle phakathi nenkathi, kodwa ngenxa yokungabi busika kwesithwathwa ukumelana kwezihlahla kudinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zikaVictor zinikeza amaqoqo wesilinda agcwele isisindo, osayizi bawo ahluka kusuka ku-500 kuya ku-1000 amagremu. Ubukhulu bezandla buphakathi, amajikijolo anesisindo kusuka kumagremu ayi-9 kuye kwayi-14, aphakanyiswe ngensiphu ekhonjisiwe futhi ngombala opinki okhangayo. Amajikijolo ale nhlobonhlobo, ayathakazelisa izakhamizi zasehlobo, anambithelo oluvumelanayo nenyama enamafutha enamafutha.
Amagilebhisi Moldova
Ukumelana ne-phylloxera, ukubola okungwevu kanye noxekile kubalwa njengezinhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Amabhulashi avela emithini eqinile yalawa magilebhisi ayasuswa, kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba, futhi kwezinye izindawo ekuqaleni kwekwindla amajikijolo awanaso nesikhathi sokukhipha ubumnandi obugcwele. IMoldova iboniswa ukumelana okumaphakathi nesithwathwa, ukuqala kokuqala kokuqhakaza izithelo kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwamasethi, okuthinta kabi ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo nosayizi wawo.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni nasencazelweni yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwamagilebhisi ekhishi lasehlobo, iMoldova inika abantu abaphakathi be-concical or cylindrical brushes conical weight from 300 to 500 gr. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthola amaqoqo esisindo sekhilogremu. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezisekupheleni, amajikijolo aseMoldova anesikhumba esiminyene esinombala onsomi omnyama futhi ombozwe ngokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okotshani. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, amakhudlwana anele ngokuqina, nokungaguquguquki okunamahloni.
Amagilebhisi eMoldova emva kokuvunwa isikhathi eside ahlala nekhwalithi yezentengiso, ayathuthwa futhi agcinwe.
Amagilebhisi Augustine
Maphakathi no-Agasti, amahlumela amagilebhisi ka-Augustine avuthwa, ahlukahlukene athela izithelo ezahlukahlukene ezikhipha kuma-60 kg amajikijolo amnandi avela esihlahleni ngisho naseminyakeni yobunzima. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ukwanda kokuqina kweqhwa kanye nokumelana nezifo ezaziwayo zalesi siko.
Amabhushi abonakala ngamandla akhulayo aphezulu, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagilebhisi ka-Augustine ukuthola imigwaqo engenela umhlaba. Ngokwakhiwa kwenamba enkulu yama-ovari, ukufaniswa kwezandla nokukhula kubalulekile.
Kule nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ekotishi lasehlobo, ngokwesithombe nencazelo, okusobala, okunesisindo esingu-500 amagremu wezinhlavu kuvuthwa. Ubuningi bamabhulashi buphakathi, kanti izingxenye ezibenza bangene ngokukhanya zibonakaliswa ukunambitheka okuvumelanayo, i-hue yegolide nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-5. Isivuno esivuthiwe esingafika kumaviki angama-2-3 singagcinwa emvinini. Imfucumfucu ayiqabuki idale ukulimala kwezandla, ukuqhekeka nokukhonkotha akubonwa.
Amagilebhisi Kishmish
Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagilebhisi ezijabulisa umlimi ngamajikijolo angenambewu. Amabhulashi anjalo athandwa njalo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Emakamelweni ehlobo aze afike emadolobheni aphansi, i-Kishmish yamagilebhisi engu-342, evuthwa kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-110 kuya ku-155 ukuvulwa kwezinso, ingcono kunenye.
Okusajingijolo kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kukhombisa amandla aphezulu okukhula, kusinda ebusika ngamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-26 ° C futhi njalo ngonyaka kuthokozisa ngokuvuna okuningi. Isisindo seqoqo elijwayelekile singama-gramu ayi-500, kepha esihlahleni samagilebhisi esidala saseKishmish Cha. 342, esinikeza kahle imivini yaphakade, amabhulashi asindayo futhi aminyene ngangokunokwenzeka. Amajikijolo amnandi, anojusi futhi anamathambo, cishe ngaphandle kwe-primordia yembewu, anobubanzi obungu-1,7 cm nesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-5.
Amagilebhisi Nadezhda AZOS: incazelo ehlukahlukene nesithombe
Ehlahleni elinamandla le-Nadezhda AZOS ehlukahlukene, amajikijolo avuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Agasti. Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zimelana nezifo ezikhipha umkhuhlane kanye nezikhunta. Ngeshwa, ubulukhuni bonyaka walezi zinhlobonhlobo bujwayelekile, ngakho-ke lapho uyikhulisa ekhotheni ehlobo, ngeke ukwazi ukwenza indawo yokukhosela.
Ama-bunches we-friability aphakathi anesimo se-conical futhi anesisindo esingu-400-600 amagremu. Amajikijolo aphakeme noma awindilinga weThemba AZOS akhunjulwa ngombala wawo omnyama ocebile, uginindela omnyama nokunambitheka okulula kodwa okumnandi kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo kukhona ukuthutha okuhle kwamabhulashi nokukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokususwa emvinini.
Amagilebhisi uNadezhda AZOS, ngokusho kwencazelo nesithombe, angathengiswa kahle futhi akhombisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yamajikijolo.
Amagilebhisi we-Aleshenkin: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe
Ukusuka esihlahleni samagilebhisi i-Aleshenkin esakhiweni ungafinyelela ku-10 kg wamajikijolo. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sisekuqaleni kakhulu futhi asidluli ezinsukwini eziyi-110-120.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zibonakala ngokukhula okuqinile, okufanelwe ukuvuthwa amahlumela amasha kanye nengcambu enhle ngesikhathi sokusika. Noma eminyakeni yemvula enehlobo elipholile, amahlathi anika isivuno esiningi. Ukwahlulela kwencazelo nesithombe, amagilebhisi we-Aleshenkin adinga ukushintshanisa izithombo namabhulashi ukuze asheshise isivuno futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yawo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Aleshenkin zomgwaqo ophakathi azimelani kakhulu nezifo ezibangelwa ukhunta. Isithwathwa esikhathi sasebusika kanye nesithwathwa sentwasahlobo siyabekezelela kahle.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziletha amabhulashi amakhulu, acwebile njengombala. Isisindo esijwayelekile sesixuku singama-500 amagremu, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu esihle futhi ibhulashi lokunakekelwa elifanele lifinyelela isisindo sama-gramu ayi-2000. I-Aleshenkin inika amajikijolo aphakathi, anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-4. Umbala wamajikijolo ayindilinga nawokuzungeza uyi-amber noma eluhlaza okotshani wegolide. Amagilebhisi anomnandi omnandi nokunambitheka kakhrisimu.
