Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo sezizwile kakade mayelana nama-raspberries e-aronia, futhi zifuna ukwazi okuningi:
- ngemvelaphi yakhe,
- mayelana nezinhlobo zawo ezithandwayo,
- nokuthi ungasikhulisa kanjani lesi sitshalo.
Kulesi sihloko, labo abanolwazi lokukhula raspberries abamnyama bazokwabelana ngolwazi lwabo kanye nezimfihlo.
Isiko elihlukile - ama-raspberries amnyama
Iyiphi indlu encane ngaphandle kwama-raspberries? Lesi sitshalo esihle kakhulu. Inikeza ukuvuna okuningana futhi kuphatha umkhuhlane, ayinambulelo futhi izinhlobo zayo ezihlukile zihluka ngokunambitheka nakumbala. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ama-raspberries e-aronia eminyakeni yamuva ayefanelwe yinhlonipho phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo!
Okusajingijolo omnyama, obizwa nangokuthi---blackberry-like, kuyinto esihlahleni se-perennial. Ungowomndeni weRosaceae. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yiNyakatho Melika. Ubude beziqu bufinyelela ku-2-3 m; zingamakhonkco agobile futhi zimbozwe ngemikhumbi ebukhali.
Ifaka ama-raspberry e-aronia kanye nomehluko wayo obomvu:
- kayinikezi izimpande ezimpande;
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- izithelo zawo, zivuthwa, zingavuthi;
- izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zale raspberry ezikwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa;
- Ngaphansi kwe-raspberry ebomvu ihlushwa izinambuzane, futhi cishe ayinakuthinteka yisifo;
- ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile;
- ekuqaleni kuqala ukuthela izithelo kunokubomvu;
- isihlahla sinesistimu yezimpande enamandla.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-raspberries amnyama nama-amajikijolo ukuthi izithelo ezivuthiwe zisuswa kalula kusiqu.
Izinzuzo ze-aronia raspberries
Ukukhuluma ngale berry akuyona ize, kufanele ukunakwa ngempela. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo ezisobala zalesi sitshalo:
- Abalimi bakhetha ukukhulisa ama-raspberries amnyama emapulazini abo ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuhle. Amajikijolo amajikijolo amnyama amnandi kakhulu kunawokubomvu ejwayelekile. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zinambitheka uju, ngaphandle kokhilimu.
- Iqiniso lokuthi i-rasonia okusajingijolo linikeza izivuno ezinhle kakhulu liheha izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo. Amajikijolo amnandi asuka esihlahleni angaqoqwa kusuka kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwayi-4 noma ngaphezulu, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nokunakekelwa kwesitshalo.
- Amajikijolo ama-elastic awonakali ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-raspberries awalungele ukusetshenziswa okusha, kodwa futhi angacubungula kalula nganoma iyiphi indlela: i-freezing, canning, and jam.
- Izinzuzo zama-raspberries amnyama zisafundwa, kepha manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi iqukethe i-ellagic acid, engagcini nje ngokusebenza okuqinile kwe-antioxidant, kodwa futhi futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuvimbela nokulwa nomdlavuza.
Ngokunikezwe lokhu, izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo azingabazi ukutshala ama-raspberry amnyama. Manje kufanele ujwayelane nezinhlobo ezidumile zalesi sitshalo, futhi uthole ukuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo emahlathini okusajingijolo.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zama-raspberries amnyama anezithombe
Endaweni yethu kubhekwa izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-raspberry black Cumberland. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba uvumelana nezimo zezwe lethu kahle, futhi unikeza ukuvuna okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa kukhona ezinye, izinhlobo ezingekho ngaphansi ezithakazayo zama-raspberries amnyama. Isibonelo, i-Bristal, i-New Logan, i-Airlie Cumberland, iLitach, iSipho seSiberia, i-Turn, iCorner, i-Luck, i-Black Jewel, njll.
Nansi incazelo yezinhlobo ezithile zama-raspberries amnyama anesithombe:
I-Litach. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqala ukuthungwa ePoland ngonyaka we-2008. Izinhlobo zokuqala zakudala zithela izithelo amahlumela aneminyaka emibili ubudala. Isihlahla sinamandla, sinamahlumela agobekile kanzima nangezikhala ezinkulu. Amajikijolo mancane, ayindilinga ngesimo esinezimbali eziqhakazayo.
Ikhona. Omunye omele izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala. Isihlahla samandla aphakathi nendawo nesihlava. Amahlumela afinyelela ku-2,5 m ubude, abunjwe nge-arch ngama-spikes amancane. Amajikijolo mancane, anojusi, omuncu, omuncu. Ukuvuna kunika okuhle. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo futhi izinambuzane zibekezelela iqhwa.
Bristol Ama-raspberries amnyama, izinhlobo "i-Bristol" zithathwa njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Njengoba inika ezithela phezulu kakhulu. Isihlahla sobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo futhi ihlumela ubude bungu-2,5 kuya ku-341. Amajikijolo anomumo ocishe ube yindilinga, omnyama ngokuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnandi, onoshukela. Ayinikezi izingqimba zezimpande, ikhetha izindawo ezinelanga kanye nomhlabathi omncane one-acidic. Ibekezelela ukubanda, ukunqotshwa i-anthracnose.
I-Boysenberry. Ibanga lokuqala lokuvuthwa. Isihlahla siqinile. Amahlumela afinyelela kumamitha amathathu, akukho ameva. Amajikijolo aqinile, makhulu, acwebezelayo, abumbeke esimweni. Ukunambitha okumnandi. Isivuno salokhu okuhlukahlukene siphezulu. Isitshalo siyabekezelela ubusika kahle, empeleni akuguli.
I-Logan entsha. Isihlahla sokuqala sokuvuthwa. Ukuphakama kwaso kucishe kube yi-2m. Amajikijolo amnyama, acwebezelayo. Ukukhiqiza kukhulu. Ebusika, isihlahla kumele simbozwe.
Okusajingijolo cumberland omnyama. Lesi sitshalo esivuthayo masisha sihlukaniswa yisihlahla esinamandla esigoqiwe ngokungemthetho. On the amahlumela inhlanganisela ye-wax, kukhona ameva. Amajikijolo aminyene, acishe ayindilinga ngesimo, amnyama shiny. Kunambitha okumnandi, yiba nokunambitheka kwe-blackberry. Inika isivuno esihle6 cishe ama-4 kg ukusuka esihlahleni. Izinhlobonhlobo zinobusika obunzima, kepha azibekezeleli umswakama obuningi.
I-Litach. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqala ukuthungwa ePoland ngonyaka we-2008. Izinhlobo zokuqala zakudala zithela izithelo amahlumela aneminyaka emibili ubudala. Isihlahla sinamandla, sinamahlumela agobekile kanzima nangezikhala ezinkulu. Amajikijolo mancane, ayindilinga ngesimo esinezimbali eziqhakazayo.
Ikhona. Omunye omele izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala. Isihlahla samandla aphakathi nendawo nesihlava. Amahlumela afinyelela ku-2,5 m ubude, abunjwe nge-arch ngama-spikes amancane. Amajikijolo mancane, anojusi, omuncu, omuncu. Ukuvuna kunika okuhle. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo futhi izinambuzane zibekezelela iqhwa.
Bristol Ama-raspberries amnyama, izinhlobo "i-Bristol" zithathwa njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Njengoba inika ezithela phezulu kakhulu. Isihlahla sobukhulu obuphakathi nendawo futhi ihlumela ubude bungu-2,5 kuya ku-341. Amajikijolo anomumo ocishe ube yindilinga, omnyama ngokuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnandi, onoshukela. Ayinikezi izingqimba zezimpande, ikhetha izindawo ezinelanga kanye nomhlabathi omncane one-acidic. Ibekezelela ukubanda, ukunqotshwa i-anthracnose.
I-Boysenberry. Ibanga lokuqala lokuvuthwa. Isihlahla siqinile. Amahlumela afinyelela kumamitha amathathu, akukho ameva. Amajikijolo aqinile, makhulu, acwebezelayo, abumbeke esimweni. Ukunambitha okumnandi. Isivuno salokhu okuhlukahlukene siphezulu. Isitshalo siyabekezelela ubusika kahle, empeleni akuguli.
I-Logan entsha. Isihlahla sokuqala sokuvuthwa. Ukuphakama kwaso kucishe kube yi-2m. Amajikijolo amnyama, acwebezelayo. Ukukhiqiza kukhulu. Ebusika, isihlahla kumele simbozwe.
Okusajingijolo cumberland omnyama. Lesi sitshalo esivuthayo masisha sihlukaniswa yisihlahla esinamandla esigoqiwe ngokungemthetho. On the amahlumela inhlanganisela ye-wax, kukhona ameva. Amajikijolo aminyene, acishe ayindilinga ngesimo, amnyama shiny. Kunambitha okumnandi, yiba nokunambitheka kwe-blackberry. Inika isivuno esihle6 cishe ama-4 kg ukusuka esihlahleni. Izinhlobonhlobo zinobusika obunzima, kepha azibekezeleli umswakama obuningi.Umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngaphambi kokutshala ama-raspberries amnyama
Ama-raspberries amnyama awafuneki, azokhula yonke indawo, futhi athele kahle. Kepha abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi isivuno sabo sincike ngokuphelele ekutheni iyiphi indawo ezokwabelwa isitshalo, kukhwalithi yenhlabathi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesihlahla sezithelo.
Ukukhetha indawo efanele ukutshala ama-raspberries amnyama
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokutshala ama-raspberries amnyama:
- Beka. Indawo enokhanyo kahle ilungele ama-raspberries akhula. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kube kungekho okusalungiswa: isitshalo asibekezeleli imimoya ebandayo.
- Omakhelwane nabandulelayo bama-raspberries esakhiweni. Umakhelwane omuhle kakhulu walesi sitshalo ngama-raspberries abomvu. Kepha i-raspberry emnyama ayikwazi ukuhlangana nezinye "isihlobo" sayo, ijikijolo.
Abandulelayo ababi bangomakhelwane: utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane. Kuyelulekwa ukuthi ungatshali ama-raspberries endaweni eyodwa lapho lezi nezinye izilimo zakhula khona ezihlaselwa yisifo sokukhunta njenge-verticillum wilt. - Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla nezintambo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungatshali ama-raspberry bush amnyama ezindaweni eziseduze, noma zinganiki amahlumela ezimpande. Lapho-ke ngeke kube khona ukuqina kwezitshalo, esinye nesinye sazo sizoshaywa ngumoya bese sishiswa yilanga.
Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-80 cm; phakathi kwemigqa - cishe amamitha ayi-2. Kulokhu, izitshalo kulula ukunakekela, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amagatsha awo awathinti emhlabathini.
Uhlobo lomhlabathi olufanele lwama-rasonia amajikijolo
Ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta isitshalo se-raspberry. Inhlabathi evundile ye-loamy “ilula” futhi inamaminerali amaningi nezakhi ezanele.
Inhlabathi enjalo ilungele ngokuphelele i-aronia raspberry ukuzizwa imnandi futhi ithela izithelo ezinhle, ngoba ayinawo umswakama obumbekile, futhi igcina ukushisa okudingekayo kwesitshalo, futhi kungaphefumula.
Ukutshala ama-raspberry amnyama ezweni
Kungcono ukutshala ama-raspberries amnyama ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngoba iqiniso lokuthi kulesi sitshalo inqubo yezitshalo iqala ekuqaleni kakhulu. Yingakho ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo zithanda ukutshala ekwindla. Kepha lokhu kulungele indawo lapho ubusika bungebunzima kangako, ngoba ama-raspberry amnyama awabekezeleli isikhathi sokubanda.
Ukujula komgodi wokufika kufanele okungenani kube yingxenye yemitha; ububanzi - 40-50 cm. Hlanganisa umlotha wezinkuni nge-humus 1: 1 bese ugcwalisa lomgodi ngomgodi wamasentimitha angama-20-25. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanelekile ukugcwalisa umgodi ngamanzi. Futhi lapho ngobumnene, iqonde izimpande, faka isithombo esijwayelekile. Linda kuze kube yilapho amanzi egxilile, bese uqala ukugcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi exutshwe nesihlabathi kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Bese amanzi futhi.
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo?
Ngisho nezakhamizi zasehlobo ze-novice zizoqonda kahle imithetho eminingana yokunakekela ama-raspberries amnyama. Leli siko alidingi ukunakwa okukhethekile, kwanele:
- Mulch inhlabathi;
- Amanzi ngesikhathi;
- Bopha amagatsha e-raspberry;
- Funda ukwenza ukuthenwa okulungile kwesihlahla;
- Yazi ngezifo nezinambuzane zesitshalo, futhi ukwazi ukusivikela;
- Ukuziphatha okuphezulu kokugqoka;
- Lungiselela ama-raspberries ebusika.
Ukuxubha. Ngokushesha emva kokutshala, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ifakwe emanzini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, utshani obomile obomile noma utshani, sawdust okuyi-quail, i-peat noma umquba kufanelekile.
Ukunisela. Ama-raspberries amnyama awadingi ukuthambisa okuningi, noma ekushiseni kwehlobo, akubekezelela ngokuphelele. Kepha, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuvuthwa, izihlahla ezi-raspberry zidinga ukuthululelwa ngamanani anele ngamanzi. Lapho-ke amajikijolo ayoba makhudlwana, futhi kuzoba nokunye okuningi kuwo emabhusha. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokunisela, ama-raspberries akhetha ukuchelela ngokunisela.
I-raspberry Tie. Iziqu zesitshalo zinciphile futhi zinde, futhi zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, badinga i-garter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa zombili uthango kanye trellis.
Ukuxhaswa okunjenge-trellis kulula kakhulu ukuklama. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba izinsika ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komugqa wama-raspberries amnyama. Phakathi kwabo kudonsa ucingo ngentambo eziningana. Iziqu zesitshalo zinamathiselwe kule ngocingo.
Izihlahla. Ukuthena kuyadingeka ukuze isitshalo singakhuli ngobudlova, sihlale sinempilo, nokuthi ama-raspberries anikeze isivuno esihle. 2 trimmings ngonyaka kufanele kwenziwe. Enye ehlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, kwesibili ekwindla, ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
- Ukuthena kwehlobo. Kwenziwa ukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Uma ufinyeza ihlumela endaweni yokukhula, khona-ke amahlumela amancane, ahlobo fan, akhula kusuka kule ndawo ngonyaka olandelayo. Kungale magatsha lapho amahlumela amasha ethula isivuno esivulekile.
- Ukuthena Autumn. Lokhu kuthenwa kuyinto yangasese, isihlahla silungiselela ubusika. Amagatsha omile namaxhegu asikiwe. Amafushane amfishane.
Ukuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Enye yezifo ezimbi kakhulu zama-raspberries amnyama yi-verticillin wilt. Akuphathwa, ngakho-ke ukuvimbela kubalulekile - ukutholwa kwezitshalo ezinempilo, izimo zokutshala ezifanele kanye nokwenqaba ukumba umhlaba kusuka esihlahleni, ukudonsa okuhle kwenhlabathi.
Ihlobo elinemvula noma ukudonsa okunganele kungaholela ekungeneni kwezifo zokukhunta. Ukuvikela lokhu, ungafafaza izihlahla ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi. Kwi-prophylaxis, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides enza izinto eziningi.
Ekulweni nebhungane le-raspberry, okungelinye lezinambuzane eziphambili ze-raspberry emnyama, kufafazwa ngesisombululo esingamaphesenti amabili se-nitrafen. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwane nakho ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivuke.
Lapho kuvela i-raspberry flower evuthiwe, kuyadingeka ukuphinda ufafaze nge-infusions of umhlonyane obabayo nama-marigolds (thatha i-200gr yemithi ngayinye; ngamunye wabo ufakwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ama-infusions wamakhambi kufanele ahlanganiswe nalesi sixazululo futhi afafazwe ngama-raspberries.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ama-raspberries amnyama ahlala ebonga esivunweni esiningi sokugqoka okuphezulu. Lokhu kungaba ngumanyolo we-organic, isibonelo, i-mullein exutshwe namanzi 1 kuya ku-6, kanye nokuphonswa kwezinyoni 1 kuya ku-17. 1 ilitha lomlotha kanye nama-gramu angama-50 we-superphosphate ngebhakede lale “potion”. Ukusuka esihlahleni, umanyolo uthululelwa kusuka kumalitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanelekile ukuthulula konke ukutshala kwama-raspberries ngamanzi.
Ungase futhi ufeze umanyolo ngamanyolo we-nitrogen. Ziqukethe izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuqothulweni kwesitshalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Aronia raspberries
Ama-raspberries amnyama asatshalaliswa ngokugoqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho amagatsha ama-raspberries amnyama eqala ukweluka, agobeka ngesimo se-arcuate futhi agobele phansi. Kuyalulekwa ukuba pre-dig imisele engajulile, 10 cm ukujula. Kukule mikhondo lapho amahlumela ehliswa khona, alungiswe, futhi embozwe ngomhlaba ukuze iphuzu lokukhula lingaphezulu komhlaba. Ukulungiselela ubusika, ukugoqa kufakwe nge-sawdust, i-peat. Izithombo ezisikiwe entwasahlobo zihlukaniswa nesihlahla, futhi zitshalwe ngokuhlukile.
Ilungiselela ama-raspberries amnyama ebusika
Kunezindlela eziningana zokulungiselela ama-raspberries amnyama ebusika. Ukukhetha kuyoncika kwesimo sezulu. Uma nje ubusika bungebunzima kangako, ungashiya izihlahla ku-trellis, uvikele ngokuvikelekile ngakunye. Ngakho-ke nomoya noma iqhwa ngeke kulimaze izihlahla.
Uma ubusika bude futhi buneqhwa, ungagobela izihlahla ngobunono emhlabathini, kepha hhayi phansi kakhulu. Kulesi sikhundla bese ulungisa amagatsha okusajingijolo. Isithwathwa, esimboza izitshalo, sizosindisa emakhazeni.
Ama-raspberry amnyama azoba yisilimo esikhulu ezweni, futhi ayojabulisa ngokuvuna kwawo okuningana uma uchitha isikhathi esincane futhi ufunda ngakho. Ngemuva kwalokho ukunakekela lesi sitshalo ngeke kulethe ubunzima.
