I-Nectarine

I-Nectarine, ebizwa nangokuthi i-peach, iyi-peach ehlukahlukene lapho isikhumba sibushelelezi, njengeplamu. E-China, lesi sitshalo sesilinywe iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Incazelo yokuqala yalesi siko eYurophu yaqala ngekhulu le-14. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwe-nectarine emithonjeni yesiNgisi kwaphawulwa ngonyaka we-1616, kuyilapho emazweni aseYurophu kwathandwa kakhulu ngekhulu lama-20 futhi emva kokutholwa kwezinhlobo ezinkulu zezithelo ezinjalo. Namuhla, ukutshala kwalesi siko ngezimboni kwenziwa emazweni aseMedithera, okungukuthi, eTunisia, eCyprus, e-Italy, eGrisi, kanye nasemazweni ayaziwa njengeYugoslavia. Uma kuqhathaniswa nepikili, umpe umelana kakhulu nezilokazane nezifo, futhi izinhlobo ezivimbela isithwathwa zalesi siko zingatshalwa ngisho esifundeni saseVolgograd.

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abanampendulo eqondile, kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi i-nectarine ibe khona? Ingabe lokhu kungumphumela womsebenzi wabafuyi noma kwavela ngokwemvelo? Kukholakala ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ama-nectarine akhula esihlahleni seedliza kanye okuphambene nalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunombono wokuthi ngaphezu kwepiki, i-plum yaseChina, i-apricot kanye nama-alimondi nakho kuhlanganyele ekwakhiweni kwalesi siko esisha. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo iyi-hybrid eyinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi. Igama elithi nectarine livela egameni elithi "umpe" iqiniso lokuthi kulezi zithelo liqukethe ushukela omningi.

Izici zeNectarine

Ukuphakama kwe-nectarine kungahluka kusuka kumamitha amane kuya kwayi-7, kuyilapho ububanzi bomqhele bungaba amamitha ayi-3-4. Amapuleti eshidi afake imiphetho emincane. Izimbali ziqala ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga akhule. Isembozwe ngezimbali ezipinki, lesi sitshalo sifana kakhulu nesihlahla peach esinezimbali. Izithelo zalezi amasiko amabili ziyafana kakhulu ngobukhulu nangokwakheka, noma kunjalo, isikhumba somucu sihamba ngokushelela futhi sibushelelezi, kuyilapho ipharethi linamanzi. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-nectarine zingaba ngombala ophuzi, ophuzi-ubomvu, i-cherry, oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu-ophuzi nobomvu. Peach ithambile kune-nectarine.

Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuthatha izinyanga ezi-3-5 futhi ngasikhathi sinye badinga ukufudumala. Kulokhu, lesi sihlahla sitshalwa kuphela ezifundeni ezinezikhathi zasehlobo ezinde nezifudumele. Isitshalo esidala sinokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa, singamelana neqhwa size sibe ngama-degrees angama-32, kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukufa kwezimbali eziqhakaza usuvele kumadigri ayi-2.

Ngaphezu kwepherishi, umpe ubhekwa njengesihlobo sezilimo ezilandelayo zezithelo: ama-alimondi, iplamu, iziqu, izihlahla zama-apula, amapheya, ama-apricots, i-irgi, i-cherry iplamu, i-hawthorn, i-ash ash, i-chokeberry, i-cotoneaster, inja yasukuma ne-medlar. I-Nectarine itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile futhi inakekelwa cishe ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi sokutshala i-peach, kepha kusekhona umehluko.

Ukutshala kwe-nectarine yangaphandle

Isikhathi sokutshala

Ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu ethe xaxa, kunconywa ukutshala umpe emhlabathini ovulekile ekwindla. Uma isikhathi sasebusika sineqhwa esifundeni, khona-ke kunconywa ukuqala ukutshala isivuno esinjalo entwasahlobo. ECrimea nasengxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Ukraine, ukutshala kwalesi sitshalo kungenziwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla.

I-Nectarine ikhula kahle kunhlabathi yesihlabathi kanye nomhlabathi othambile, ngenkathi ingenakutyalwa enhlabathini enobumba olunzima. Futhi, ngokutshala kwayo, akunakwenzeka ukukhetha lezo zindawo lapho ithebula lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingashoni khona, futhi ngisho nezindawo lapho amakhabe nezitshalo ezingama-solanaceous, i-clover, i-alfalfa kanye ne-sitrobheni ezisanda kukhula zingayifanele le njongo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi isihlahla sikwazi hit verticillosis. Ngokutshala lesi sitshalo, kungcono ukhethe indawo ebekwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu yendawo yengadi, kuyilapho kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-nectarine ibe semthunzini isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ayi-1.5-2 ngosuku, ngakho-ke akufanele kube nezakhiwo noma ezinye izihlahla. Futhi, akunconywa ukuthi uyitshale eduzane nepiki, ngoba ubungozi bokuyinqoba ngezifo zokukhunta, ngisho nalezo ezingacishe zilimaze peach, ziyanda.

Ukutshala kweNectarine ekwindla

Ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika kufanele wenziwe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20 ngaphambi kokwehla. Ubukhulu bomgodi kufanele bube ngu-0.7x0.7x0.7 m. Enkabeni engaphansi yomgodi, kufanele kufakwe isigxobo sokhuni, okufanele sifike kubude obungaba ngu-150 cm. Lapho ulungiselela umgodi, ungqimba lomhlaba oluphezulu kufanele lugoqwe ngasohlangothini, bese luhlanganiswa nama-gramu ayi-150 we-superphosphate kanye ngamakhilogremu ayi-10 womquba womquba. ½ wengxube etholakele yenhlabathi kufanele ithulwe enkabeni yephasi yomgodi ukuze kutholakale intaba.

Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthenga izithombo zonyaka zokutshala, kuyilapho ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezivumelaniswe nezimo zezulu zesifunda sakho. Yenza ukuhlolwa ngokuphelele kwesithombo, ngoba kufanele kube nempilo ephelele. Uhlelo lwezimpande akufanele lube nezimpande ezibolile noma ezomile, amagxolo kufanele apendwe aluhlaza kusuka ngaphakathi, futhi akufanele kube nokungena endaweni yokugoma.

Egqumeni, elithululelwe enkabeni phansi komgodi, udinga ukufaka isithombo. Lapho izimpande zalo ziqonde kahle, umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi esele. Lapho utshala isitshalo, qiniseka ukuthi isiza sokuxhunyelelwa sikhuphuka ngaphezu kwenhla lesakhiwo ngo-30- 40 mm. Thinta inhlabathi kahle ukusuka emaphethelweni womgodi uye enkabeni, bese uthele amalitha amanzi angama-40-50 “emgodini” obangelwa lokho. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungenwe ngokuphelele, indawo yokugoma kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo nehlabathi lomhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umuthi uboshelwe isikhonkwane, bese ufakwa kumphakamo ongama-0-0-0.3 m bese kusetshenziswa inhlabathi eyomile kulokhu. Ebusika, ingaphezulu lombuthano we-trunk kumele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (umquba), ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10.

Ungatshala kanjani umpe kwentwasahlobo

Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo ye-nectarine, kunconywa ukulungiselela umgodi ngesikhathi ekwindla. Kulokhu, umgodi wenziwa futhi walungiswa ngendlela efanayo nangesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla. Kulokhu, udinga ukutshala isithombo entwasahlobo ngendlela efanayo nasekwindla. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona umehluko owodwa: ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, i-sapling ayonakaliswa.

Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Nectarine

Ukunakekelwa Kwentwasahlobo Kwentwasahlobo

Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela umpe kusuka ezinambuzaneni kwenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli, kuyilapho lesi sitshalo sifafazwa emhlolweni wokuvuvukala weKarbofos. Ukufafaza kwesibili kwesihlahla kwenziwa esigabeni sesigaxa esiluhlaza - kulapho iphuzu lepuleti leqabunga “liphuma” ezinganeni. Kulokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-Bordeaux fluid (3%). Ukuthena okwenziwe lapho kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza kuvela emthini. Ngemuva kokunquma, kuzodingeka ukuthi kufezeke ukufafazwa okuvela emithini yezinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuleli cala akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo equkethe yethusi (ngokwesibonelo, ingxube yeBordeaux). Ngalesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezinjengeKarbofos nePozalon, ngenkathi zihlanganiswa nomuthi wezifo zokukhunta, ngokwesibonelo, neKuprozan, iPolycarbacin noma iBenlat. Lapho isitshalo siphela, lokhu kuphathwa kuyaphindwa.

Ngemuva kokuchitheka kwamaphethelo we-ovary owengeziwe, kuyadingeka ukukhipha umthwalo wezithelo. Ngakho-ke, ngamasentimitha ayi-1050 ehlumela kufanele kube ne-ovary eyodwa kuphela, kanti enye eyengeziwe kufanele isuswe, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo zingahle zingabekezeleli ubunzima bazo ngesikhathi sokuthela kwezithelo.

Ukunakekelwa Kwehlobo Nertarine

Ehlobo, isihlahla esinjalo sidinga ukuthambisa. Izimo zesimo sezulu zithinta imvamisa yokunisela kanye nobuningi babo. Ehlobo, i-nectarine izodinga izindlela zokwelapha ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ukuqeda amaqabunga ama-curly, ngoba lokhu kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-Delan noma ezinye izindlela zesenzo esifanayo.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo, ukuze zibe noshukela omningi futhi zibe nombala ogcwele, kufakwa ama-nectarine amaningana, kusetshenziswa isixazululo somanyolo we-potassium. Emavikini la-4 ngaphambi kwekuvunwa, sitjalo sitawudzinga kunisela kakhulu, ngenca yalokhu usayizi wezithelo ungakhuphuka ngo-1/3. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kuze kuthathwe ukuvuna, i-nectarine ayisakwazi ukuniselwa.

Autumn Nectarine Ukunakekelwa

Ukusuka ukuthi angakanani amanzi azokuba semhlabathini ngenkathi kubekwa izimbali, ukumelana kwawo nesithwathwa ngqo kuncike. Ngakho-ke, lapho zonke izithelo zivunwa, ngokuvamile ngo-Agasti-Septhemba, umuthi kufanele uniselwe kakhulu.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuguqulwa kombala wamaqabunga, ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta, isitshalo kumele siphathwe ngenhlanganisela yeBordeaux.

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba noma owokuqala kaNovemba, lapho wonke amaqabunga ewa, kufanele uhlanze indawo lapho umpe ukhula khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukukhipha wonke amaqabunga anamahlamvu nobunye udoti bezitshalo futhi uchithe iqiniso lokuthi izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zingahlala kuzo ebusika. Ngemuva kwalokho khiqiza ukunisela okukhokhisa amanzi ngesihlahla. Lapho lesi sitshalo siniselwa, kufanele sifafazwe nge-sulfate yethusi kusuka ezifweni zokukhunta, kanye neNitrafen - ukubhubhisa izinambuzane ezihlalisa ubusika engxenyeni ephezulu yenhlabathi ngaphansi kwalesi sitshalo nasegangeni laso.

Ukunisela umpe

Ngemuva kokuqinisa imbewu ezitsheni, umpe kufanele uniselwe okokuqala. Uma le nqubo yenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlelelwa, umphumela ungaba ukuqhekeka kwesithelo. Ngenkathi yokukhula, izinhlobo zokuphuza sekwephuzile nokuphakathi kokumaphakathi kufanele ziniselwe izikhathi ezi-4 kuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kanti izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakuqala kufanele ziniselwe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3.

Ukuze wenze izithelo zibe noshukela omningi, ukuchelela okuningi kuhlelwa emavikini ama-4 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, ngokuya ngosayizi nobudala besitshalo, amabhakede wamanzi angama-3-6 athathwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele sombuthano. Lapho zonke izithelo zivunwa, esigabeni sokubeka izimbali zezimbali lapho kuniselwa umpe ngo-1 metres wesikwele wesiyingi, kuthathwa amabhakede amane kuya kwayi-7.

Ngesikhathi sokulayisha okulayisha amanzi, inhlabathi kufanele igcwale amanzi aze afike kumuntu ongu-0,6-0.8 m. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho izimpande zesitshalo zitholakala khona.

Ukugqoka kweNectarine

Uma ufafaza lesi sihlahla ngesixazululo se-urea (7%) entwasahlobo, lokhu ngeke nje kubhubhise zonke izinambuzane namagciwane ebusika ebusika nasegumbini lesiyingi sesiqu, kepha le nto izobuye ibe ngumthombo we-nitrogen yesitshalo, esidinga ngaleso sikhathi. . Kepha kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi udinga ukufafaza lesi sihlahla ngamapheshana angakavuvukali, ngaphandle kwalokho angaphela. Esimweni lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap sekuvele kuqalile, futhi ukwelashwa nge-urea akukakenziwa, khona-ke le nqubo kufanele ikhanseliwe. Kulokhu, kwenziwa ekwindla, lapho wonke amaqabunga ewa esitshalweni.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula, uzodinga ukondla i-nectarine ngendlela eyi-2 noma emi-3. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa le ngxube elandelayo yokugqoka okuphezulu: kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-80 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate (kungathathelwa indawo amagremu angama-30-50 we-urea), amagremu ayi-10, kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 amagremu we-akhiphe amanzi we-superphosphate, kusuka kumagremu angama-30 kuye kwangama-60 athathwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi potassium chloride (noma 50-70 amagremu we potassium sulfate), kanye nama-gramu ayi-15 e-manganese. Uma usuthisa isitshalo lapho sisesigabeni sokuvuthwa sezithelo, khona-ke i-borax ne-nitrogen kufanele zisuswe kule ngxube yezakhi.

Uma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa komgodi wokutshala usebenzise wonke umanyolo ofanele enhlabathini, i-nectarine ngeke idinge izakhamzimba zeminyaka engu-5 noma eyi-6, ikakhulukazi uma ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu limbozwe ungqimba we-mulch njalo ngonyaka (humus noma umquba). Uma sekuyisikhathi sokondla lesi sihlahla, khona-ke kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo e-organic enhlabathini kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni eminingana, entwasahlobo umuthi udinga i-nitrogen, futhi ehlobo nasekwindla - potassium ne phosphorus. INectarine idinga ukondliwa ibheka izidingo ezichaziwe zalesi siko.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Nectarine

Ukuze isihlahla sezithelo esinjalo sihlale siphilile, udinga ukufafaza okuhleliwe okuvela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ukuthi ungayiphatha kanjani i-nectarine ezinso ezingafakwanga kuchazwe ngenhla. Esigabeni se-cone eluhlaza, kunconywa ukuphatha umuthi ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux ingxube (3%).

Ukwelashwa okulandelayo kwezifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane kwenziwa esigabeni se-pink bud, kusetshenziswa isixazululo esihlanganisiwe: Amagremu ama-40 we-Cuprozan noma amagremu angama-40 eColicarbacin ngokufakwa kwama-gramu angama-30 weKarbofos noma amagremu ayi-150 we-colloidal sulfure athathwa ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi. Lapho umuthi ubuna, nokwakheka okufanayo, uma kunesidingo, kungafafazwa kaninginingi, ngokwesibonelo, uma kutholakala izinambuzane eziyingozi kuso, futhi kukhona nezimpawu ze-powdery isikhutha noma amaqabunga angama-curly. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna, udinga ukumisa noma yikuphi ukucubungula.

Lapho wonke amaqabunga ewa esitshalweni, kufanele aphathwe ngesixazululo se-Bordeaux ingxube (3%), esizobhubhisa wonke ama-bacterium we-pathogenic akhetha ubusika ku-cortex ye-nectarine, kanye nasendlaleni engenhla yesiyingi sayo sesiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-nectarine ifafazwa ngesisombululo seNitrafen (3%) ukubhubhisa zonke izinambuzane ezinquma ubusika esihlahleni nakwindilinga eseduze. Zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingashintshwa ngesifutho esisodwa, okusetshenziselwa isisombululo se-urea (7%).

I-Nectarine yasebusika

Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe amaqabunga awileyo bese utshala imfucumfucu endaweni, unisele amanzi, ukondle bese ucubungula isihlahla. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho iqhwa selizinza, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu lizodinga ukumbozwa ngesendlalelo se-mulch (iziqongqothwane, umdweshu, umhlanga, udoti noma amaqabunga omisiwe), ngenkathi kulungiswa kusengaphambili. Kwisimo sezulu esinethayo, umuntu ngeke akwazi ukuhlanganyela ekuhlanganiseni umbuthano wesiqu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubola kungavela entanyeni yempande, embozwe ungqimba lwe-mulch. Futhi ekwindla kunconywa ukwenza mhlophe isisekelo samagatsha wamathambo nesiqu sesitshalo, kulokhu kufakwa ulamula.

Izithombo zokutshala Autumn zidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukufaka imizila emide ngokulinganayo zombili izinhlangothi zesithombo. Ngemuva kwalokho kubekwa isikhwama sikashukela phezu kwabo nasesitshalweni uqobo. Ukuze amagagasi omoya angakwazi ukudabula isikhwama, kufanele afafazwe ngenhlabathi evela ngaphansi. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Ukraine, kuzodingeka nendawo yokuhlala yezitshalo ezineminyaka emibili nezintathu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzungeze umpe, udinga ukufaka ama-slats ama-3 amade, uwashayela emhlabathini. Engxenyeni ephezulu kufanele ixhunywe kusetshenziswa ucingo. Lapho kufika iqhwa, ifreyimu ephumayo kufanele imbozwe ngesiqu sommbila noma ngamagatsha ama-spruce, bese siyigoqwa nge-agrofibre. Ukuze lo mklamo ungabhujiswa yimimoya enamandla yomoya, kufanele uboshwe ngamawele. Khumbula ukuthi umpe kufanele ugcotshwe kuphela ngemuva kokuqala kwesithwathwa.

Ukuthena kweNectarine

Isikhathi sokutshala

I-Nectarine idinga ukuthenwa okwakhayo. I-fruiting yalesi sitshalo ibonwa ekukhuleni konyaka, ngakho-ke, phakathi kokuthena okujwayelekile, kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela ngokugcina inhlanzeko yezitshalo, kodwa futhi futhi nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuningana kwamahlumela wonyaka ngenkathi kugwenywa ekuguqukeni kwezithelo emaphethelweni esiqhele. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi kubalulekile ukuncipha minyaka yonke futhi kufinyeze amagatsha alesi sitshalo. Ukuthenwa kokuqala kwesihlahla sokutshala ekwindla kuzodingeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo elandelayo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuqala. Entwasahlobo, izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukubunjulwa kanye nokuthenwa kwendle. Ekwindla, ukunqunywa kokuthuthwa kwe-nectarine kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesidingo.

Ungasika kanjani i-Nectarine

Njengomthetho, umqhele wesihlahla ubunjiwe njenge-vase, noma isitsha.Ngenxa yaleli fomu, umqhele uyaqina, futhi noma ngesitshalo esinjalo kulula ukususa izithelo futhi kulula ukusinakekela. AmaCrown akhiwa entwasahlobo phakathi neminyaka yokuqala engama-4-5. Okokuqala, kubekwa izingatsha zamathambo. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe amagatsha ama-2 noma ama-3 nge-angle ebanzi yokusuka, afinyezwa amasentimitha ayi-10 kuma-buds angaphandle, kuyilapho wonke amanye amagatsha edinga ukusikwa. Unyaka ngamunye, kufanele kufakwe amagatsha wamathambo ama-2 noma ama-3, kufanele abe khonale ngakwesokunene. Yenza i-oda ngokulandelana kwamagatsha wamathambo ngonyaka odlule, i-oda lesibili - ngonyaka owedlule, njll.

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa umqhele, umqhubi wesifundo kufanele akhuphuke ngaphezu kwamagatsha angama-0.2-0.25 m ngaphezulu kwamagatsha aphezulu wesibambo. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa komqhele, umqhubi wesifundo kufanele asikwe ezingeni lamagatsha aphezulu wesikele. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesiqu kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.6 m. Amahlumela avele endaweni yesiqu angaphansi kokuqhuma, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi abe nesikhathi sokwenza le nqubo ngaphambi kokuba abambe. Kukhona abalimi abathanda ifomu elingenacala, kulokhu amagatsha anamathambo angahamba asuka esiqwini cishe lapho ukhona khona umhlabathi. Leli fomu linomthelela ekuvinjelweni kwesikhathi eside kokukhula kompe, futhi ukuqoqwa kwezithelo nokunakekelwa kwezihlahla nakho kusenziwa kakhulu, ngoba ileli kulokhu alidingeki. Ukuphakama okunconyiwe kwesitshalo esinjalo kusuka ku-250 kuya ku-300 cm.

Ukuthena umpe umpetha

Ukwenza izihlahla zomucu, kanye nokuhlanzeka, kwenziwa e-rose epanini ngo-Ephreli, ngoba lokhu, wonke omile, abalimele, amagatsha athintwe yiqhwa noma onesifo anqanyulwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla nazo zenziwa izithelo, lokhu, egatsheni lamathambo, kufanele ukhethe amahlumela amabili athuthukile akhula eduze. Ihlumela elikhulayo eduze nesihloko segatsha kufanele lifushaniswe ngama-8-10 buds, kuzofanela lithele izithelo esikhathini esikhona manje. Okunye ukudubula, okusondele esiqwini, kudinga ukufushaniswa kakhulu ukuze kube nama-buds ama-2, kulokhu kuvela ifindo, okuzoveza izithelo ngesizini ezayo. "Ukuphunyuka kwesokudla" yini? Kulesi ihlumela kukhona izithelo kanye nokukhula (enikeza amahlamvu) efihlekile. Ukusuka lefindo elibuyiselwe endaweni ethile ngesizini ezayo, kubalulekile ukwakha isixhumanisi esisha sezithelo. Ngendlela efanayo, umuthi ugawulwa njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo, ngenxa yalokho izitshalo zazo ziyoqina futhi nezithelo zizoba zisezingeni elifanele.

Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nokukhipha amaqanda amaningi ngokweqile, kuyadingeka ukulungisa umthwalo wesilimo. Ngakho-ke, egatsheni kuwo wonke amasentimitha ayi-10-15 ubude kufanele kube nezithelo ezi-1 kuphela, kanti ama-ovari angeziwe kufanele akhishwe ngokuthwebula.

Ungatshala kanjani ehlobo

Uma umuthi uthela izithelo, khona-ke ehlobo awugundi. Kepha ngalesi sikhathi isiqu esingadingekile siyabalwa noma siphulwe, lokhu kuzoholela ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha nokwakhiwa kwamagatsha ezithelo.

Ungatshala kanjani ekwindla

Lapho wonke amaqabunga ewa esihlahleni, uma kunesidingo, khiqiza ukuthenwa kwendle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike zonke iziqu ezibuthakathaka, ezomile, ezilimele nezigulayo.

I-Nectarine Propagation

Ekusakazweni kwe-nectarine, izindlela ezimbili zisetshenziswa: imbewu kanye nokuzala (ukugoma). Imiphumela emihle ikhonjiswa ngokuhluma kwe-nectarine scion, kuyilapho izithombo ze-almond noma peach zisetshenziswa njenge-stock. Uma uzungu lunomhlabathi omanzi, omanzi, ngenkathi amanzi asemhlabathini eseduze kobuso bomhlaba, khona-ke njengesitokwe, i-cherry iplamu noma izithombo zasekhaya zeplamu zilungile. Ukukhulisa umpe kusuka ezinhlanzini kulula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi isihlahla esikhule ngale ndlela sinikeza izithelo ezingekho ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.

Ungakhula kanjani kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Imbewu iyanconywa ukuba ithathwe ezitshalweni eziguqulwe ngezimo zesifunda sakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi sokuthela, hamba uzungeze iziza engadini ezingomakhelwane uthathe izithelo kulezo zihlahla ozithanda kakhulu. Izithelo kufanele zibekwe izinsuku ezingama-3 emanzini, ezithathelwa indawo kabili ngosuku, bese zisuswa zisendaweni eyomisiwe ukuze yomiswe. Ngemuva kwalokho, amathambo akhishwa ngokucophelela izithelo. Ngokuhlwanyela imbewu khetha indawo enokhanyo kahle, etholakala kude nezakhiwo nezihlahla. Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza umsele, ombozwe ngenhlabathi yezakhi. Amathambo akulo angcwatshwa ngo-50-60 mm, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele lilingane namasentimitha angama-20-25. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu idinga ukutshalwa futhi iniselwe kahle. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene enhlabathini, ingaphezulu lombhede kufanele limbozwe nge-mulch (amahlamvu, utshani noma sawdust).

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenziwa entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngaphambi kobusika, imbewu izovuselelwa phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuba umbhede ukhululwe endaweni yokukhosela, izithombo zizovela ndawonye bese ziqala ukukhula.

Lapho izithombo zikhula kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi embhedeni iyakhululeka futhi inomswakama omncane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuze ubondle, kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-humus. Uma kunesidingo, afafazwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni ngesixazululo seRidomil noma iTiovit.

I-Nectarine Inoculation

Izilimo zalesi sitshalo zixhunyelelwa ezitokisini ze-alimondi noma peach ngendlela yokuqunjelwa. Le ndlela yokuzala ishesha kakhulu futhi ilula, futhi okuhlanganisayo ukuthi ihlumela ngalinye elakhiwe ngokuphelele liyakwazi ukunikeza isitshalo esisha esizogcina zonke izimpawu zokwehlukahluka kwesibeletho. Kepha ukuze inqubo yokugoma iphumelele, kufanele ulandele eminye imithetho:

Musa ukusebenzisa izithombo ezicebile kunepensela. Ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi amagxolo asendaweni yokugoma kufanele abushelelezi, abe mncane futhi aqine.
Umuthi wokugoma wenziwa ngesikhathi sokugeleza okukhulu kwesiphuzo, ngalesi sikhathi amagxolo asemuva kakhulu kwezinkuni.
I-buds etholakala ku-scion kufanele ithuthukiswe kahle.
Kusetshenziswa insimbi ebukhali kakhulu futhi engakahlanzeki.

Ukuvunwa okusikiwe kwe-scion kukhiqiza ekuseni, ngalesi sikhathi amahlumela agcwele umswakama. Izinhlobo ezisikiwe ubude kufanele zifinyelele amasentimitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho kutheleka amapuleti kuwo. Amatafula namapulethi amaqabunga kufanele aklebhulwe, ngenkathi isiqu esisele ngemuva kokuncipha kufanele sifinyelele ku-10 mm ubude. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusika okungaphansi kokusikwa kufakwa emanzini.

Esezimpondweni ezingezansi udinga ukunquma konke ukukhula okukhona okukhona. Konke ukungcola nothuli kufanele kususwe esiqwini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha indwangu ehlanzekile, enamanzi futhi usule isiqu, unyuke usuka ezimpandeni yentambo ngamasentimitha angama-20. Lapho-ke, endaweni lapho isitokhwe sasihlanzwa khona ngothuli, kuyadingeka ukwenza isigaba segxolo le-T. Qikelela ukuthi ungalimazi izinkuni. Ubude besigaba esiguqukayo kufanele silingane no-15 mm, khona-ke isigaba esilinganisiwe senziwa ukusuka phakathi kuya phansi, kufinyelela kubude obuyi-25 kuye kuma-30 mm. Lapho izingxenye ezi-2 zixhunyiwe khona, kuyadingeka ukuguqula ngokucophelela amakhona we-cortex kububanzi besigaba esidlulayo.

Thatha isibambo ngesandla sakho sobunxele, phezulu kwaso sibheke kuwe. Okulandelayo, i-transverse incision encane (ubude 1.2-1.3 cm) yenziwa ku-cortex yayo, kuyilapho kufanele idlule ngaphansi kwezinso, elizosetshenziselwa ukufakelwa. Ingxenye yesiphambano efanayo yobude obufanayo kumele yenziwe ngenhla kwaleso sinso. Ukusika i-cortex ngeso, udinga ukuqala kusuka ekusikeni okungenhla, ngenkathi ushutheka uye ezansi. Ubude bophahla olukhanyayo kufanele bube ngamamitha angama-25, kufanele bube nezimo, kanti nezinso kufanele zihlale ziqinile.

Thatha isihlangu ngesithupha sakho nesandule sangaphambi kokusala kwe-petiole, bese usibeka ngobumnene ngaphansi kwegxolo elijikayo le-T-design incision eyenziwe esitokisini. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ubude bophahla bube bude kunokudingekile, kuyadingeka ukusika ngokucophelela okweqile eceleni komngcele wesigaba esiphambukayo ungene esitokisini. Ngesithupha sakho, cindezela ngokuqinile amagxolo eceleni kwesicezu esisekude ekuthini kuvikeleke okufakwe ngaphansi kwegxolo. Ngemuva kwalokho thatha i-tepi kusuka ku-polyethylene bese uyisonga ngesiza sokugoma, usuka phezulu uye phansi.

Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, udinga ukubheka ukuthi i-budding iphumelele yini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thinta kancane i-petiole, uma konke kuhamba kahle, khona-ke kufanele ihlukane futhi iwele.

Isifo seNectarine

I-peach kanye ne-nectarine kuthinta izifo ezifanayo. Imvamisa, i-nectarine ingathinta i-kleasterosporiosis, amaqabunga ama-curly, i-powdery hlobo, ukubola kwezithelo, i-moniliosis yezithelo zamatshe, noma i-grey izithelo bola, i-cytosporosis, i-verticillosis, i-coccomycosis, ithumba, isicwebezelisi kanye nokushiswa kwamakhowe.

Uma uhlinzeka ngesitshalo ngokunakekela okufanele, futhi unamathela kuyo yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi sitshalo futhi wenza ngendlela efanele ukuvikela izifo nezinambuzane, umuthi wakho ungahle ungaguli. Uma i-nectarine isagula, khona-ke kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi i-mycoplasma kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane namuhla zithathwa njengezingelapheki, futhi ngenxa yalokho isampula elithintekayo kumele lisuswe emhlabeni futhi libhujiswe. Izindlela ezilandelayo zokuthola amakhambi zithandwa kakhulu empini yokulwa nezifo zokukhunta: I-Chorus, i-Vectra, i-Skor, iTypsin M, iTopazi neStrobi. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi izimpawu zezifo kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kwabo ku-nectarine iyafana ncamashí ne peach.

Izinambuzane ze-Nectarine

Kwi-nectarine ne-peach, izinambuzane nazo zivamile, kumele futhi zibhekwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo. Imvamisa, lezi zivuno zithinteka amabhu asempumalanga ne-plum, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, ezimthende, amaminerali kanye nezinundu zezithelo, ama-weevil, amabhungane wezimbali kanye nemikhaza.

Izinambuzane zilawulwa ngama-insecticides, ngokwesibonelo, ungasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinjenge: Chlorophos, Zolon, Karbofos, Aktara, Mospilan, Actellik, Intavir, Bankol, Metafos kanye neTheku.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-nectarine enesithombe nencazelo

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ezivuthiwe ze-nectarine zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi:

Fleming Fury. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala yasungulwa ngabalimi abavela eMelika. Izithelo ezinkulu cishe zimbozwe ngokuphelele yi-blush yombala obomvu. Inyama ephuzi imnene.
Okukhulu Okuphezulu. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala yokuqala, eyenziwe eMelika, iyaphawuleka ngokuzithoba kwayo nokuthela okuphezulu. Izithelo zinombala onsomi okhanyayo onsomi kanye nomumo oyindilinga, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. I-pulp inzima, inejusi futhi iphuzi, eduze nethambo, ithola umbala obomvu. Inyama emnandi ine-flavour yoju noshukela omncane. Ithambo kunzima ukulihlukanisa ne-pulp.
URuby 4. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuqala yadalwa abafuyi base-Ukraine, ibonakala ngokukhiqiza. Izithelo ezinkulu ezimise okwe-oval zimbozwe ngesikhumba esicwebezelayo, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Uginindela ubomvu, uthambile-uthambile; unombala ophuzi ngombala obomvu onsomi. Ukunambitheka kwepulpiti kumnandi ngomuncu ongabonakali obonakalayo. Ithambo kunzima ukulihlukanisa ne-pulp. Izithelo ziyakubekezelela ukuthutha kahle.
URebus 028. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha ezakhiwa abafuyi bezithelo base-Italiya zibonakaliswa umkhiqizo kanye nokumelana nezifo kanye nesithwathwa. Umumo wezithelo ezinkulu uyindilinga, uphakeme kancane, banesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Izithelo zinombala ophuzi, kanti cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba kukhona ukufiphala kombala obomvu ojulile. Inyama emnyama enephunga elimnandi inombala ophuzi nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Caldesi. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela e-Italy zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Cishe wonke umhlaba wesakhiwo esikhulu sombala ophuzi oluhlaza umbozwe ngengubo yemabula ebomvu egcwele. Ijppe eliminyene le-Juicy linombala omhlophe. Ithambo liyachaphazeleka.

Izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini

Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zaphakathi nonyaka ze-nectarine yilezi:

Stark Red Gold. Le nhlobonhlobo, eyakhiwe eMelika, inesivuno esikhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu ezibomvu ze-carmine zinesimo esifanele, zinesisindo esingama-240 amagremu noma ngaphezulu. I-pulpous dense dense encane inombala ophuzi ophuzi, futhi eduze nethambo iba bomvu. I-pulp ingahlukaniswa kalula ithambo.
I-Wang 3. Le nhlobonhlobo ekhula ngokushesha, eyenziwe ngabachwepheshe baseMelika, ihlukaniswa umkhiqizo wayo kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa nezifo. Umumo wezithelo uyindilinga, umbala wazo ubomvu ngokujulile ngezicucu eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-220. Inyama ye-cartilaginous yombala ophuzi inokuqina okuphezulu.
I-Alitop. Le nhlobonhlobo, eyakhiwe e-Italy, inesivuno esikhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu zesimo esiyindilinga obukhulu zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-250, cishe yonke indawo ingumbala obomvu ojulile. Inyama emnyama enephunga elimnandi inombala ophuzi ngemisipha yombala obomvu, inokuphakama okuphezulu.
Harco. Izinhlobonhlobo, ezakhiwa abafuyi baseCanada, zinezithelo eziningi futhi zingamelana neqhwa nezifo. Cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba wezithelo ezingeziningi eziphuzi kakhulu eziluhlaza okotshani, kukhona umbala omnyama obomvu. I-pulp enamanzi enombala inombala ophuzi nokunambitheka okumnandi, okumuncu. Ithambo lihlukaniswe kalula epulpiti.
Ishunsky. Le nhlobonhlobo yadalwa abafuyi base-Ukraine. Kuzithelo ezinkulu kakhulu zombala ophuzi kukhona ukuvuthwa kwe-carmine, banesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-150. I-pulrous fibrous juicy pulp enombala ophuzi namathambo abomvu. Uginindela ovela kuthambo ungahlukaniswa kalula.

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezifika emuva kwesikhathi

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa emuva kwesikhathi ezithandwa kakhulu:

Poseidon. Izinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha ezifuywayo. Izithelo ze-Universal zinesimo esiyindilinga nombala ophuzi ongenawo umbala omkhulu we-carmine, ohlelwe ngendlela yemivimbo. I-Juicy yellow fibrous pulp inenombolo encane yemithambo ebomvu. I-pulp ihlukaniswe ithambo kalula.
Harblaze. Le nhlobonhlobo iyi-dessert. Cishe wonke umphezulu wezithelo ezi-oval ephuziweyo umbozwe ngombala ojulile obomvu. I-pulp enamanzi kakhulu inombala ophuzi nokunambitheka okumuncu. I-pulp ingahlukaniswa kalula etsheni.
USomnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo, ezakhiwa abakhiqizi bezithelo base-Italiya, zibonakaliswa ukukhiqiza kanye nokumelana nezifo. Izithelo ezinkulu eziphuzi zinombala obomvu ojulile futhi zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-300 noma ngaphezulu. I-pulp ephuzi eqinile, emnyama inokunambitheka okumnandi. I-pulp ingahlukaniswa kalula etsheni.
Septhemba Ndlovukazi. Blush ezitsheni eziluhlaza okotshani zombala obomvu omnyama. Inyama ye-Cream color mnene onephunga elimnandi inambitheka omuncu, omnandi kakhulu. Ithambo lihlukaniswe kahle ngepulpiti.
I-Evpatoria. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuzilolonga yadalwa eNyitsky Botanical Garden. Kunconywa ukuwuhlakulela e-Ukraine, eKrasnodar Territory, eTranscaucasia naseMoldova. Izithelo eziphuzi zimbozwe ngombala omfushane we-carmine engxenyeni ye-¼-1/2. I-Juicy fibrous pulp inombala ophuzi kanye nemithambo ebomvu, kuvela i-pinkish tinge eduze nethambo. Uginindela ovela kuthambo ungahlukaniswa kalula.