Kunezinganekwane eziningi nezinganekwane ngale mbali emangalisayo: abanye bathi lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuvikela emimoyeni nasezifo ezimbi, kanti abanye bathi imvelaphi yaso yaphezulu. Mhlawumbe yingakho eYurophu abalimi abaningi abanamakhono bejabulela ukutshala lesi sihlahla se-herbaceous, futhi eJalimane kubhekwa njengesipho sikaKhisimusi sendabuko.
Wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthenga ingadi engenasisekelo se-hellebore imbali (iHelleborus), athenge njalo imibala emibalabala yemibala ehlukene ezimakethe, futhi izitshalo zikhula engadini ngamahlumela alo amhlophe aluhlaza okotshani.
Kungani abathengisi behlanganyela ekuqambeni amanga? Kakhulu kungenxa yobunzima bokusabalalisa izinhlobo ezi-terry hellebore ezikhanyayo. Emva kwakho konke, izitshalo ezinjalo zisatshalaliswa kuphela ngokuhlukahluka, futhi zibiza imali eqinile. Ake ngitshele, umthengi angavivinyi kanjani lapho enikeza "i-chic varietal hellebore" cishe ngeze?
Lesi sitshalo sathola igama elithi "hellebore" ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo ezimangalisayo - alwesabi ngokuphelele isithwathwa. Ama-Peduncle akhula ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi lapho ukucindezelwa buthaka, ayaphuma. Ngakho-ke unamathele eqhweni phakathi kwamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani owedlule.
Ukuze unikeze incazelo enembayo kakhulu imbali ye-hellebore, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale ngokuthi uyisitshalo se-herbaceous perennial, ukuphakama kwawo kuyaqabukela kufinyelela ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. Kubonakala ngesigqi esifushane, isiqu ngaphandle kwamagatsha asemuva, amahlamvu anesikhumba nezimbali ezimise okwendebe yobuhle obumangalisayo. Indlu yasebusika ihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi umbhikisho wayo wemibala uhlanganisa ukhilimu obucayi, onsomi, ocebile omnyama, i-canary ne-halftones ebubende. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hellebore zingaba nama-buds alula noma aphindaphindwe kabili.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ama-hellebores athokozisa iso. Isikhathi eside kangaka ngezimbali zasentwasahlobo. Bakwenza kanjani? Ngamafuphi, esikuphathele izinsimbi kungamathuna asebekhulile. Lokhu futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuhlobisa, ngoba ngisho nangemva kokumisa nokuthulula imbewu, amathuna ahlala esitshalweni, aguquka, kodwa egcina ukukhohlisa kokuqhakaza.
Ngaphandle kokuqhakaza kwasekuqaleni kuphela kwenza isidleke sasebusika sibe yingcebo engafani nalutho kuwo wonke umklamo wezwe: izici ezinjengokubekezelela isomiso nokukhuthazela zivumela ukuba zitshaleke cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi okubonakala kungenacala kphela kugcwele isimanga: yona, njengabo bonke abamele umndeni wakwaLyutikov, unobuthi obuningi.
Ungatshala kanjani i-hellebore endaweni
Amafreezers ayizitshalo ezinhle eziqine ongazitshala futhi ukhohlwe ukushiya iminyaka eminingi. Ngeke zikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokubhukuda. Kusukela unyaka nonyaka baba muhle ngokwengeziwe, isihlahla sinamandla ngokwengeziwe, izimbali ziningi. IHellebore ishiya i-overwinter, kepha ngokushesha ilahlekelwe ukuhlobisa kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kobusika, uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-hellebore luyagcinwa, njengobumnyama nezinhlobonhlobo zalo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni eyodwa "iKhisimusi rose" ingakhula ngokuphepha iminyaka eyishumi, yingakho kubalulekile ukusondela ekukhetheni kwendawo ongayitshala kuyo ngokuhlakanipha. Uma uthatha le nqubo kancane, kufanele ulungele iqiniso lokuthi ukufakelwa, okuyinto lesi sitshalo esingayithandi ngempela, kuzoyiphazamisa kabi impilo yesilwane esifuywayo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukutshala imbali ye-hellebore engamelana nokubanda kungenziwa kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, abalimi batusa ukunikela ukuthanda inhlabathi enjengobumba oludilizwayo, oluzobe lumanzi ngokwanele futhi lube nokukhululeka. Kuyadingeka ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukutshala i-perennial eduze kwamanye amahlahla nezihlahla. Engadini enezinsimbi ze-hellebore zizizwa zikhulu eduze kwama-ferns, ama-crests aqanjiwe, izingwenya.
Imvamisa ama-hellebores athengiswa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, noma ngisho ngoFebhuwari. Izithombo ziyizimpande ezibekwe ku-peat. Kunzima ukuzisindisa: izimpande ezingakasebenzi 'zivame ukubola. Kufanele atshalwe ngokushesha emabhodweni anomhlabathi ompofu ompande kakhulu (ubambe ngesihlabathi ngesihlabathi esimahhadla) futhi ugcinwe endaweni epholile ecishe yoma. Udinga ukunisela kancane epanini noma ezizungeze ubumbi. Zitshalwa ngokushesha lapho iqhwa liphela (ngenxa yokuthembeka, amboze isitshalo nge-lutrasil).
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukutshala endaweni evulekile nokunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwe-hellebore kuzophumelela kuphela uma umlimi ekhethe lolu hlobo lwezitshalo ezifana nendlu ebusika emnyama, enephunga, esemuva noma yaseCaucasian.
Udinga ukuzixwayisa ngokuthenga ama-hellebores ngezimpande ezingenalutho. Izitshalo ezinjengalezi zithengiswa ekuweni kwezingadi. Izitshalo ezibuthakathaka akunakwenzeka ukuthi zisinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokutshala kungenzeka kakhulu ezivela kwimvelaphi engathandekiyo.
Naka isithombe sokutshala okufanele futhi unakekele i-hellebore: ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imigodi yezithombo idinga ukwenziwa ibe yincane ngosayizi - cishe ama-30x30x30 - kufanele abiwe kude okungenani nama-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ukuze ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwezitshalo kudlule ngokuphepha futhi kulula. Abalimi abaqala phansi kufanele futhi babheke ukuthi izimbobo ezimbiwe kumele zigcwaliswe ngomquba. Qaphela: inqubo yokutshala i- "Christmas rose" yenziwe kangcono ngo-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngemuva kokutshala i-hellebore, ukunakekelwa nakho kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuyinakekele - sikhuluma ngokunisela (kaningi futhi kaningi emavikini amathathu okuqala), ukucija, ukhula nokuvikelwa ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
Ungakhula kanjani i-hellebore nokuthi ungayisakaza kanjani lembali engadi
Bheka ngokucophelela isithombe se-hellebore yezimbali engadini: uma ungasondeli enkambweni yokubeka lesi sitshalo engadini kuphela, kodwa futhi futhi ukuze usinakekele ngokwengeziwe, indlu ebusika izonikeza umbala opholile minyaka yonke:
- Ukunakekela i-perennial akuyona into eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima.
- Okokuqala, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amahlumela esezoqala ukuvela, udinga nje ukususa amaqabunga amadala asomile owomile ukuze angabi yi-hotbed yokutheleleka kanye nokubuka isikhunta okuvela amahlumela namahlumela amasha.
- Okwesibili, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali bese kubuna, udinga ukuhlanganisa izithombo emhlabeni wonke ngezithombo ngomquba noma nge-peat.
- Okwesithathu, ngesikhathi sasehlobo kuyadingeka ukuthi inisele njalo indlu yasebusika bese sikhula ngokucophelela futhi sikhulule indawo lapho ikhula khona.
- Abalimi abanolwazi baphinde balule ukuthi bangathathi nje kuphela ukutshala futhi baqhubeke nokunakekela izimbali ze-hellebore, kodwa futhi nokufaka umquba kuyo, okufanele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngesizini. Imvamisa, ukudla kwamathambo noma umanyolo wamaminerali kusetshenziselwa lokhu.
Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa ama-hellebores ngembewu, kepha akulula. Uma uhlwanyela imbewu entsha, izohluma entwasahlobo, yomisiwe izodinga izinkathi ezimbili zokuphambuka, okungukuthi, ubusika obubili. Izimbali kuzodingeka zilinde iminyaka engama-3-4.
Kodwa-ke, labo abanquma ngale ndlela yokuzala kufanele bazi amathiphu athile awusizo. Enye yazo iphathelene neqiniso lokuthi imbewu yesitshalo kufanele ihlwanyelwe ngokushesha nje lapho isivuthiwe futhi izovunwa - okungukuthi, ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Kufanele uqonde ukuthi ungatshala kanjani izithombo ze-hellebore usebenzisa izithombo: ikakhulukazi, impahla ibekwa enhlabathini evulekile futhi enamanzi kahle kuze kufike kumasentimitha okungenani owodwa nesigamu. Amahlumela angabonakala ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoMashi. Kungemva kokuvela kwamaqabunga ambalwa kumahlumela kuphela lapho angahanjiswa khona embhedeni wezimbali, lapho kufanele abe khona eminye iminyaka emibili.
Naka isithombe se-hellebore yezimbali engadini, incazelo yayo eyethulwe ngenhla: Lesi sitshalo azalwa singasebenzisi indlela yembewu yokuzala, kodwa ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Le ndlela ifaka ukumba ama-winterer aneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ahlukanise uhlelo lwazo lwezingxenye lube izingxenye, futhi atshale ezindaweni ezintsha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngale ndlela entwasahlobo ungazalela uhlobo lwezinhlobo okuthiwa ubumnyama, futhi ekwindla - empumalanga.
Nakekela ukukhula kwe-hellebore: izilokazane nokulawulwa kwezimbali
Naka isithombe sezimbali ze-hellebore: ngemuva kokutshala njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwesitshalo, ukuze uthole izimbali ezinhle kangaka, ukuvikeleka ekusongelweni okuningi kuyimpoqo.
Enye yezitha ezesabekayo ze- "Christmas rose" yi-aphid, futhi zibangela nenkinga enkulu kuma-slugs abathanda ukudla amaqabunga, amacimbi kanye namagundane. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kwenziwa usebenzisa ama-baits ngokudla okunoshevu, kepha ama-slugs kuzodingeka aqoqwe ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane ezisele zizodinga ukubhujiswa kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides - ngokwesibonelo, i-actellic ne-biotlin.
Ukunakekela imbali ye-hellebore eqinile, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zalesi sitshalo. Ukubona izindandatho kanye ne-anthracnose kulimaza kakhulu iminyaka yonyaka kanye nosizi kubalimi beqiniso. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abazami ukungapheli amandla, futhi balwe necrosis - ukubona - ngokususa nangokushisa izingxenye ezilimele zebhodi ebusika. I-Anthracnose, ebonakala ngendlela yamabala amnyama ansundu, iphathwa ngezidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi empeleni.
Uma sisondela ekutshalweni nasekunakekelweni kwezimbali ze-hellebore, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela okukhulu nokumelana nezifo ezifanayo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, lapho umlimi we-novice engahambisani nemithetho eyisisekelo - ngokwesibonelo, ukutshala "iKhisimusi rose" enhlabathini ene-acidity ephezulu - indlu yasebusika iba sengozini, futhi ngenxa yalokho iqala ukulimala.
Kungakho izingcweti ezinolwazi zeluleka abaqalayo, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala i-hellebore, qiniseka ukuthi indawo ekhethiwe ilungele imbali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuthatha isampula yenhlabathi - isipuni sizokwanela - uthele umhlaba engilazini bese uthele uviniga ngokucophelela. Esimweni lapho kunamakha amagwebu amaningi, kusho ukuthi emhlabathini ngokweqile usawoti we-potassium, isilinganiso esilinganayo sama-blakes amhlophe sibonisa ukungathathi hlangothi kwenhlabathi, kepha ukungabi khona kokugayagwala kukhombisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokufaka umanyolo endaweni ngefulawa ye-dolomite noma ngomlotha wezinkuni.
Indawo ebusika yokutshala engadini: izici zezinhlobo nezinhlobo (ezinesithombe)
Ukulinywa enkabeni yeRussia, izinhlobo ezimbalwa nezinhlobo ezifanelekile.
Kuyinto i-hellebore emnyama (El. Niger) ngezimbali ezimhlophe zibomvu (N. purpurascens) ngezimbali eziluhlaza obomvu, empumalanga (H. orientalis) ngezimbali ezinsomi Caucasian (N. caucasicus)ezinezimbali zombala omhlophe okotshani obuluhlaza obunamachashazi ansomi phakathi, Isi-Abkhazian (El. Abchasicus) - obomvu ewayinini, likhanya kakhulu lezinhlobo. Zonke lezi zitshalo zinobusika obunzima futhi zithembekile, ziphila isikhathi eside futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa, ngaphandle kokufaka amahlamvu.
Ukwazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hellebore, kuyadingeka ukutadisha imininingwane eminingi ngemvelo yabo yokukhula kwemvelo, izici nezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona.
Isibonelo, lo obizwa ngokuthi yi-black wintry uthathwa njengomunye wabathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Into ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa izimbali ezinkulu eziphinki eziphakemeyo, umnyombo wazo oshaya iqhwa elimhlophe qhwa. Lokhu kuqhakaza okuhlukahlukene kungadluli amasonto amabili - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni bayo obumangalisayo bomsuka - ubusika bungamelana no-35 ºC - bunxanela inkathi emfushane kangaka yemibhikisho yemibala. Naka isithombe ngezinhlobo ezimnyama ze-hellebore: Ababumbi uWill babe nezinhlamvu ezinkulu kakhulu ezimhlophe zeqhwa phakathi kwabo bonke abafowethu, kanti uPrex uqala ukuqhakaza ngoNovemba.
Indlu ebusika ebomvu ihlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi inyanga yonke - Ephreli - enezimbali ezinohlaza onsomi. Yaqala ukutshala eminyakeni emibili edlule.
Bheka isithombe sezinhlobo ze-hellebore njengasempumalanga ne-Abkhazian: eyokuqala ihlukaniswa izimbali ezinhle kakhulu onsomi, kanti eyesibili ibomvu ngokugqamile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-hibernation yasempumalanga yasebusika ivame ukuthinteka ukutheleleka ngefungus. Kepha i- "Christmas rose" yase-Abkhazian iyakhanga ngoba inezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
I-Caucasian hellebore nayo iyatholakala ekwakhiweni komhlaba: imbozwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli futhi ihlala amasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi yile nhlobo ethathwa njengeyushevu kunazo zonke.
Ungakhula nathi futhi stinky hellebore (N. foetidus), kepha kuzodingeka ukuthi ihlangane nayo: ukuze iqhume, kubalulekile ukulondolozwa kwengxenye yobusika ebusika, ngoba ama-inflorescences avela kuphela amahlumela abhalwe phansi. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, lesi sitshalo kufanele simbozwe ngamagatsha ama-spruce, amaqabunga awile noma i-lutrasil.
I-perennial, ebizwa ngeCorsican, ihlukaniswa ngamahlamvu aphuzi aluhlaza ahlobisa lesi sitshalo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Le "rose rose kaKhisimusi" idinga ukuvikelwa impela ebusika.
Imfashini ethile yemfashini ngokukhethekile ama-hellebores ayi-hybrid. Imvamisa lezi yizinhlobo ezifuywayo ngesisekelo se-hellebore yasempumalanga, lapho iqembu laqamba khona igama elithi "nzalo esempumalanga". Izimbali zidwetshwe ngemibala egqamile ehlukahlukene, kunezindlela zama-terry. Izitshalo zizizwa zilungile esimweni sezulu sethu.
"Izintandokazi zengadi" ezilandelayo zithathwa njengezidume kakhulu futhi ezidumile: I-"Violetta", ebonakala ngama-budffy soft white buds, "Queen of the Knight" ngezimbali ezinothile onsomi kanye ne "Belinda", eshaya ngesigaxa sezimbali se-pink hue ekhanyayo.
Isitshalo se-Hellebore ekwakhiweni komhlaba (ngesithombe)
Bheka ngokucophelela isithombe sezimbali ze-hellebore engadini: kakhulu ngokomzimba babheka ngaphansi kombhede wezihlahla. I-anyanisi ilungile nabo - ama-blueberries, ama-crocuses, ama-crests aqanjiwe, ama-kandyks. I-Primrose, i-anemones, i-chives, i-violets, ukufutheka nakho kufanelekile.
Ekwakhiweni kwehlobo, inhlanganisela namaferns, Sebawoti kanye nama-geykher kuzoba yinhle. Lapho utshala isitshalo esincane, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngonyaka noma emibili izophenduka isihlahla esihle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, engadini ungatshala i-hellebore, uma umnikazi wesayithi efuna ukudala i-real alpine hill. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezinkulu zokuhlobisa zilungele ukuhlelela amakhethini ahlukahlukene - ingadi nepaki ensembles.
Naka ngokukhethekile isithombe se-hellebore eqhakazayo ekwakhiweni komhlaba: ibukeka kahle impela futhi igcwalisa isithombe sombhikisho wemibala.
Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi kungcono ukuthi ungazibandakanyi nezimbali ezikhulayo ze-hellebore ekhaya ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula ezinganeni, ngoba lokhu okuyingqayizivele okungabizwa ngokuthi akunabungozi - okungukuthi, okungekho ubuthi.
