Indoor schizanthus

Phakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini azikho izinhlobo eziningi zangempela zonyaka. Iningi lezilimo ezilahlwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza okumnandi nokude, eqinisweni, ungazilondolozela unyaka olandelayo uzenze ziqhakaze kaningi. ISchizanthus unyaka nonyaka. Kepha i- "orchid ampofu" inezimbali ezinhle kangaka, futhi ziyaqhakaza ngamanani amakhulu kangangokuba isidingo sokushintsha isitshalo minyaka yonke singekho emfuthweni wokukhula kabusha kwawo. ISchisanthus yisiko elihlukile eliqala ukuthandwa ngathi futhi laziwa kangcono njengesitshalo sengadi.

Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus wisetonensis). © mork

Ama-orchid amahle ampofu

ISchizanthus yaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kwegama elithi "orchid elimpofu". Ngokungafani nje nama-orchid wangempela, lesi sitshalo ekuqaleni akuyona i-greenhouse yegumbi, kodwa ingadi. I-schizanthus (kwesinye isikhathi igama lazo kuthiwa yi-schizanthus) yathuthelwa esikhungweni segumbi isuka ezivandeni zobumba, inqoba ngethuba labo lokuzuza izimbali eziningi ezinde nezinde ezinde, ezimele ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu. I-Schizanthus nama-orchid ayinazimpande ezihlobene ezihlobene: i-schizanthus ingeyamalungu amancane futhi anokufana kakhulu nge-physalis notamatisi. Ngakho-ke izimbali ezinhle ze-schizanthus akufanele zikhohlise. Emhlabeni jikelele, amaflaya abukekayo asabalale esuka eChile, yize atholakala emvelweni naseningizimu ne-Afrika. Adume kakhulu namuhla e-UK, lapho imfashini ye-schizanthus ibathole isihloko sithandwa ngokuphelele phakathi kwengadi kanye nehlobo langaphakathi. Igama lesitshalo libonisa ngokuqondile ukwakheka kwembali - kusuka kwelesiGrikhi elithi "schizo" ("split") nelithi "anthos" ("imbali").

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-schizanthus

Njengesitshalo, kuphela kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezixubile zalezihlobo zasehlobo ezimangalisayo. ISchizanthus inezinketho eziningi ngokwamasiko engadini, kepha izinhlobo kuphela ezingaba ngu-20-30 cm ukuphakama, icwecwe, aminyene, okuhlobisa ngokumangazayo, zilungele izinto zangaphakathi. Lezi zitshalo azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi imvuthuluka: ubuningi bezimbali, lapho okuluhlaza okotshani obonakala ngokuthobeka kuphela, kwenza noma ikuphi i-schizanthus ibe sikhulu futhi ibe namandla.

Iningi lama-schizanthus athengiswa njengama-houseplants amelela uhlobo olulodwa lwalesi sonyaka - Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus Wisdometonensis), noma kunalokho, izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalolu hlobo lwenhlobo (iViseton schizanthus uqobo lwayo nayo iyisitshalo esitholwe ngokuwela, ukuze izinhlobo zasendlini empeleni zingama-hybrid). Eqinisweni, imvelaphi ye-schizanthus engaphakathi endlini ihlala ingaziwa futhi bakhethelwa kuphela izimfanelo zokuhlobisa. Inani lezinhlobonhlobo likhula njalo, futhi izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nokwehluka kwemibala kuvela minyaka yonke ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu. ISchizanthus iyintandokazi hhayi kuphela yabakhiqizi baseYurophu, kodwa futhi nabafuyi abahlala bezama ngokuzalanisa nokuthuthukisa izici zezimbali. Amakilasi nezinhlobo zokuxuba ze-schizanthus, njenge:

• USchisanthus "uBrilliant" - inhlobonhlobo ekhanyayo ye-carmine enendawo ephuzi maphakathi nembali ne "ripple" encane ethokozisayo;
• USchizanthus "Zwerg Bukett" - mncane, aze afike ku-20 cm izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene exubana nemibala ekhazimulayo yeorenji, ipinki, ebomvu, amathoni aphuzi anemibala ekhuphukayo;
• I-Schizanthus "Star Parade" - inhlanganisela emangalisayo emangalisayo enezindawo ezinhle nemivimbo;
• USchizanthus "Hit Parade" - inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezinemibala ekhanyayo ye-acrylic yezimbali;
• USchizanthus "Roter Herold" - okuhlukahlukene okufafaza kakhulu ngezimbali ezibomvu, ezibomvu;
• USchizanthus "Dwarf Bouquet" onemibala ecebile yama-curly anemibala enemibala emihle nezihlahla ezihlangene.

Kodwa kungcono ukukhetha i-schizanthus hhayi ngegama lezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa ngombala nosayizi, ugxile ezimfanelweni zobuhle obuhle.

Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus wisetonensis). © floradania

AbakwaSchizanthus bayizitshalo ezihlangene kakhulu futhi eziminyene abathanda ukuzelapha ngama-inhibitors ezikhungweni zezimbali. Ekhaya, izitshalo ezithengiwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezigabeni zezimbali eziningi, zingashesha ukwanda futhi zikhule ngenkuthalo, kepha lokhu kuy inqubo evamile ngokuphelele. Ngokwakheka okufanele, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-schizanthus yezinhlobo ezimfushane zaseVizeton ngeke kudlule cm angama-30. Ku-schizanthus, amaqabunga avame ukuqhathaniswa nama-ferns, yize kukude kakhulu nama-gridi ama-wai agcwele kulo nyaka. Amagatsha aqine kakhulu, indawo yokuhlala noma amahlumela aqondile ahlotshiswe ngemisuka emihle, uma kungenjalo ifiligree, enesigaba esijulile nemininingwane "ebukhali", amaqabunga ahlukaniswe nge-cirrus. Kokubili okuluhlaza okotshani kanye namahlumela kumbozwe ngopende, okubanika ukubukeka okufiphele nokukhazimulayo, okugcizelela ngokuphelele ithoni yokukhanya yombala. Ama-schizanthus anezimbali ezingahambisani, ezakheke ngendlela efanayo nama-orchid, ezinama-petrol asymmetric ahlukaniswe kufika ku-2 cm ubukhulu, i-corolla enezindebe ezimbili nepharynx "evulekile". Okufanayo nama-orchid, i-schisanthus ikweleta imichilo nemibala ehlukahlukene eyenza umbala ucishe ube muhle njengowama-Tropicans odumile. Izimbali zalencwadi yonyaka azikaze eziqhakaze ngazinye, zihlala ziqoqwe ngamaphaneli okukhanya kwama-inflorescence eziqongweni zamahlumela, okwenza kubonakale sengathi uhlaza alubonakali ngaphansi kwezimbali. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, amabhokisi amancane e-bivalve aqukethe imise okwama-bud, imbewu encane kakhulu engalahli ukuhluma kwayo iminyaka eminingana iboshwe.

Isikimu sombala se-schizanthus yangaphakathi ngeke sihambisane nabalingani bezingadi. Kuhlanganisa imibala emhlophe, ephuzi, epinki, ebomvu, onsomi, onsomi enemibala ehlanganayo nayo yonke inhlanganisela yama-veins ehlukile kanye namabala anemibala, anikeza lesi sitshalo sifane nama-orchid.

Ukunakekelwa kweSchizanthus

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili igumbi le-schizanthus lithola ngenxa "yonyaka" walo ukukwazi ukubona ukuqhakaza izimbali zalo ezinde, ezihlala ngokoqobo ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguNovemba. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, isilinganiso sezimbali sinamandla izikhathi eziningana kunesezitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini evulekile. Kepha isithunzi sama "orchid abampofu" awagcini kuphela ekuqhakazeni okude nokuxakile. ISchizanthus phakathi kwamasiko anemibala eminingi ibhekwa njengenye yezingathobeki kakhulu. Kulula ukukhula, akudingi ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezimo nokunakekelwa okuphapheme: isitshalo sisaphonswa kude, futhi asikho isidingo 'sokudlala' ngokunakekela. Eqinisweni, konke okudingayo ukunakekela kuyindawo epholile nokukhanya okuhle. ISchisanthus ingakhulisa nabaqalayo, yize kunjalo kulokhu kungcono ukuqala ukujwayelana nayo kusuka kwisithombo esivele senziwe. Kepha abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bazokujabulela ukuthola izimo ezithile zokukhula kwe-schizanthus ngqo kusuka kwimbewu ngokwabo.

Isibani se Schizanthus

Ukuze uphumelele ekukhuleni i- "orchid" ehluphekayo, kubalulekile ukuyinikeza ukukhanya okuhle. Imibala eminingi ekujutsheni akufanele ilindelwe. Lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele asithandi ngisho ne-penumbra ekhanyayo, asesabi ukukhanya kwelanga (kodwa kungcono ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kusuka emini enkulu ngesikhathi esiqhakaza izimbali efasiteleni eliseningizimu). Izwa imnandi ilanga elikhanyayo noma endaweni ekhanyayo ngokukhanya okungafani. Ngisho nangaphandle, i-schizanthus kumele ibekwe endaweni enokhanya kahle.

Ukukhetha indima ye-schizanthus ingaphakathi, khumbula ukuthi leli hlobo linobungani kakhulu futhi lithanda ukubukisa ngamaqembu namaqoqo wonke. Kuzobukeka kukuhle hhayi ngokuhlukaniswa okuhle (yize kuzokwembula ubuhle bayo obuhlukile), kepha ngaphezu kwamanye ama-schizanthus, ama-letniks angaphakathi, kanye nezitshalo zasendulo: i-pelargonium, ibhalsamu, njll.

Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus wisetonensis).

Ukushisa okunethezekayo

Into enzima kakhulu ekukhuleni kwe-schizanthus ukukhetha okulungile kwezinga lokushisa. Naphezu komsuka wayo waseNingizimu Melika kanye nesimo sawo sonyaka, i- "orchid" empofu ayisiyona ubuhle obuthanda ukushisa. Lesi sitshalo sibukeka singcono (futhi siqhakaza kakhulu), kulapho kunokwenzeka ukusinikeza ngokuqukethwe okupholile. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu kwe-schizanthus cishe ngamadigri ayi-15, kodwa izinkomba eziphakeme kancane zizoba ntofontofo - ukushisa okungaba ngu-18 degrees. ISchizanthus ibekwa kahle emakamelweni apholile, kepha uma lokhu kungenzeki, kungenzeka ukuthi kunxeshezelwe ingxenye ethile yokushisa komoya ngokwandisa umswakama. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-schizanthus avele alahlwe, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka unakekele izinga lokushisa lasebusika lokuqukethwe kuphela ecaleni elilodwa - lapho ukhula izithombo zakho. Izithombo ebusika ziqukethe cishe ukubanda, ekushiseni komoya okungu-5 kuya ku-10 degrees Celsius.

Lesi sitshalo sinamathela komoya ovulekile, asesabi okusalungiswa futhi sithanda ukufakwa umoya njalo. Iphethe umsebenzi wezinto zomoya Ngaphandle kokukhetha, yonke i-schizanthus yangaphakathi ingathathwa iphumele emoyeni ovulekile futhi isetshenziswe njengezitshalo zasengadini ezihlanganisiwe. Zizwa zizinhle kumakhabethe nakwimathafa, kuma-sill ewindini elihlala livulekile.

Ukunisela nomswakama

Njengazo zonke izitshalo eziqhakaza kakhulu, i-schizanthus ithanda umswakama ozinzile womhlabathi. Ukomiswa okuphelele kwe-substrate kungahle kube nomphumela wokumiswa kokuqhakaza, kodwa i-schisanthus ayithandi ukuthathwa kwamanzi. Indlela ejwayelekile yokunisela ilungele bona - inqubo elandelayo yenziwa lapho ungqimba oluphezulu womile wesilinganisi somhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe umswakama wawo ofanayo. Ayikho imithetho ekhethekile yokunisela ngalesi sitshalo, kwanele ukuthi ungathululeli amanzi ezihlahleni nase emaqabungeni - futhi ngeke kube nezinkinga. Uma i-schizanthus iqhubeka ukuqhakaza maphakathi ne-ekwindla, futhi ikakhulukazi ebusika, khona-ke ngokuya ngezimo eziguqukayo, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa imvamisa nokuqina kokunisela futhi ulawule ngokucophelela ubukhulu bezinga lokoma kwe-substrate phakathi kwezinqubo. Izithombo zasebusika ziniselwa kakhulu ngokucophelela nangokuncane.

ISchisanthus ilungele izimbiza ezinamanzi othomathikhi nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene “zokudonsa” zokuthambisa okuzenzakalelayo, ezinganciphisa ukunakekelwa kokususwa kwezimbali eziphelayo.

ISchizanthus ayizwisisi umswakama, kepha ukufafaza ngokweqile kungaholela ekubukekeni nasekwakheni kokubola kwamaqabunga. Kepha uma isitshalo sehluleka ukuhlinzeka ngamazinga okushisa apholile ngaphakathi kobubanzi obunconyiwe, khona-ke ukufafaza kuzosiza i-schizanthus ibhekane nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukufafaza kwenziwa kuphela ngesibhamu sokufafaza esihlukaniswe kahle, qiniseka ukuthi amaqabunga awangeni manzi. Ungafaka noma yikuphi okokuthambisa umoya wasekhaya (ngokwesibonelo, ugqoko onamatshe amabwe amanzi).

Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus wisetonensis). © Katrin

Umsoco weSchizanthus

Isitshalo sikhula ngokusebenzayo futhi siqhakaza kakhulu. Futhi uma ufuna ukuncoma "i-orchid elimpofu" izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, awuzukukhohlwa ngokugcwaliswa njalo kwezakhi zomzimba ezifakwa emhlabathini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sonke sezimbali (noma kunalokho, kusuka esigabeni sokuhluma kuze kube sekupheleni kwezimbali) kwenziwa kakhulu, ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala, esigabeni sokuqothula, kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu kumvamisa wesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2, kuphela ngemuva kokuvula imbali yokuqala, shintshela imvamisa ejwayelekile.

Kwi-schizanthus kungcono ukusebenzisa hhayi umanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo eziqhakaza kahle, kepha umanyolo onamaminerali.

Isihlahla sikaSchizanthus

Kulesi siqukathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukususa izimbali eziphelayo ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ukuqala kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwembewu kungaphazamisi ukwakhiwa kwamahlamvu amasha. Uma ukugeleza kwe-schizanthus kuphela, i-sparse noma ngenxa yokuphuthelwa ekunakekelweni yayimfushane, igawula esihlahleni iye engxenyeni yesithathu yokuphakama, ivuselela igagasi elisha lokuqhakaza. Ukuthena okuyingxenye - ukunqamulela kuphela amahlumela angaqhakaza awodwa - kuzosiza ukugcina inani eliqhakazayo lezimbali njalo, kuthatha indawo yezihlahla ezivuselelayo kusitshalo sonke ngasikhathi sinye.

ISchizanthus esikhungweni samakamelo alahli ikhono lokuma ngokuphelele ekusikeni nasezindlini zokuphumula.

Transplant kanye substrate

ISchisanthus idinga isakhi sendawo esithile ngokwanele. I-pH efanelekayo yalesi siko isuka ku-6.0 iye ku-6.5. Ukuhlanganiswa okungathathi hlangothi okujwayelekile kwe-schizanthus ngeke kusebenze, kepha izingcezu zomhlaba wonke ezikhethekile zizoba ntofontofo impela. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo ngenhlabathi evundile kakhulu, evundile nokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuphilayo nokususa ubungozi bokuqhekeka. Uma wenza umhlaba uhlangane ngokwakho, bese uhlangana ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zamaqabunga nenhlabathi yezinkuni, engeza isihlabathi esincane futhi unakekele isengezo esithuthukisayo - i-perlite, i-agroperlite, ubumba olwandisiwe, njll. Ezikhungweni zezimbali, i-moss ivame ukungezelelwa enhlabathini, evumela ukufeza umswakama ongaphansi oqinile womhlaba. ISchizanthus ngeke yenqabe ukufaka umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside emhlabathini, okuzokwenza lula ukunakekelwa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ishiye ukugqoka kwasesikhathini okuvamile.

Ukufakelwa kwe-schizanthus kuzodingeka kuphela ngezithombo ezikhulayo. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo, njengoba sikhula, sidinga ukudluliselwa emabhodweni amakhulu ngesikhathi (ukuze kube nesihlahla esinenkani, kungcono ukukwenza lokhu hhayi okukodwa ngasikhathi, kodwa izitshalo ezi-2-3 esitsheni sinye), ngoba ukugcwaliswa okugcwele kwe-coma yobumba kuzomisa ukukhula. Kuma-schizanthus, kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezinkulu ezinkulu, ezinobubanzi obungama-20 kuye kwangama-30 cm. Lapho zithutha izithombo, inhlama yobumba igcinwa ngokuphelele, izama ukugwema ukuxhumana okuncane nezimpande. Ngaphansi kweziqukathi kumele kubekwe ungqimba oluphezulu lwamanzi.

Musa ukujaha ukufakelwa i-schizanthus ethengiwe: kusadingeka usilahle isitshalo, futhi asikho isidingo sokudlulisa ukuthutha. Uma ufuna ukufaka isitsha ngesitsha sokuhlobisa, mane usisebenzise njenge "igobolondo" langaphandle.

Schizanthus Viseton (Schizanthus wisetonensis). © gruenes-Medienhaus

Izifo nezinambuzane

ISchizanthus ithinta kakhulu amaqabunga amanzi, okuholela ekuqubukeni nokusakazeka ngokushesha kokubola. Esinye isifo esimpunga esiyingozi kulenki yasendlini isikhunta esingwevu, esibuye sikhule ngokugcotshwa kwamanzi, kepha kulokhu - umugqa ophansi. Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ubungozi bokulahlekelwa ngohlobo oluhle olugeleza kahle oluvela ezifweni zokukhunta kuya ekufafuleni kokufafaza, okwenziwa esigabeni sezithombo ezikhulayo ngokusebenzisa noma iyiphi i-fungic ewuhlelo.

Ezikhungweni zezinambuzane, ama-whiteflies athukuthelisa kakhulu i-schizanthus, okumele aphathwe nawo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka nangokusebenzisa okuphoqayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo ezivamile:

• ukwelula amahlumela ekukhanyeni okungekuhle;
• ukuqhakaza unciphile;
• ukwakheka okungajwayelekile, ukuncipha kwamahlumela, amaqabunga aqothulayo kanye nokuntuleka kokuqhakaza ngokudla okunganele.

I-schizanthus ekhulayo evela ezinhlanyelweni

Lesi siko lonyaka ngisho nasekamelweni lisakazwa kuphela ngembewu. Akahlwanyelwanga ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, kepha kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukubona nini izimbali zokuqala ezitshalweni. Ukuze i-schizanthus iqhume ngo-Ephreli, kuyadingeka ukutshala imbewu ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba, kodwa ngenxa yokuqhakaza okuqala kuphela ehlobo, imbewu idinga ukuhlwanyelwa njengehlobo elijwayelekile - ngoFebhuwari noma ingxenye yokuqala kaMashi.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela ehlobo-ekwindla, izitshalo zihlwanyelwa njengezithombo ezijwayelekile - ezitsheni ezingashoni, ezimboze kancane ngomhlabathi.Zihluma ngaphansi kwefilimu, ekukhanyeni nasekushiseni (cishe ama-degree angu-18 hhayi ngaphezulu), kuthi ngemuva kokuvela kwesibili lamaqabunga, amahlumela angena emigqonyeni emincane yomuntu ngamunye noma iziqukathi ezinkulu ezinobude phakathi kwezihlahla ezisuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 cm. Into enzima kakhulu ukugcina izitshalo kuze kube sentwasahlobo , ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthola ubusika obuphumelelayo, ama-schizanthus adinga ukupholisa okuphezulu - ukushisa okungaba ngama-5 degrees (hhayi ngaphansi kwe-3 futhi hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 degrees), kanye nokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo kanye nokwanda kwamahora okukhanya kwemini (isikhathi esilinganiswayo yilapho amahlobo amaningi ehlwanyelwa izithombo, ngoMashi), ama-schizanthus adluliselwa kabusha emigqonyeni egcwele yezitshalo zasendlini ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, abeka izitshalo ezingama-1-3 ebhodweni elilodwa futhi aqala ukukhula kubo njengesihlahla esivamile sendlu.

Lapho kuhlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ama-schizanthus nawo akhula njengehlobo lasehlobo, alindele ukukhishwa kwesibili kwamaqabunga angempela (imithetho efanayo yokuhlwanyela). Kepha lesi sitshalo sitshelwa hhayi ezitsheni ngazinye, kodwa ezimbizeni ezi-3 ezingapheli, ngokushesha aqala ukucindezela amahlumela futhi, uma kudingeka, afeze i-garter. Izithombo nezithombo ziqukethe ekushiseni kwamadigri ayi-15 kuye kwangama-18, zikhululekile kubantu abadala.

Lapho ukhula izithombo zalesi sitshalo, unake ukuthi udinga ukuzama ukusindisa hhayi kuphela izithombo enamandla, kodwa futhi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke. ISchizanthus inesici esimangazayo: imvamisa kakhulu kunazo zonke ezimila kakhulu - zikha izimbali ngamaphethini namabala akhanyayo, aqhakaza umbala futhi anombala ogqamile kunezithombo eziqine kakhulu.