Ukukhula kokuhlobisa kwelanga kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ngaphansi kokuhlobisa kwelanga yilanga ngokuvamile kusho i-helianthus yonyaka. Ukukhetha okukhulu kwezinhlobo namafomu, alula futhi anama-terry, kodwa izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi ezihlale zikhanya njalo, kungenye yezizathu zokuthandwa okuqhubekayo kwamajongilanga. Yize kunjalo, lezi zitshalo kulula kakhulu ukuzisakaza kangangokuba ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi bangakhulisa abagada behlobo. Ukukhetha okulungile kwendawo, ukuhlwanyela ngesikhathi nokunakekela izitshalo ezisencane - yilokho kuphela okudingayo ukuze ujabulele amakhanda we-sunflower kanokusho engadini yakho yezimbali.

Izithombo ezikhulayo zojongilanga.

Amajongilanga wonyaka angenye yezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu zonyaka. Ukubukeka kwabo kwaziwa kahle kubalimi nakulabo abangazikhulisi izitshalo ngokwabo. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu obhasikidi wakho konke kungenzeka aqashelwa kalula ngisho nasenkampanini yezitshalo ezihlobene nohlobo lwezimbali. Kodwa ukuqonda ukuqonda ukwahlukahluka kwama-sunlight wonyaka akulula kakhulu njengokukhomba amakhanda abo abushelelezi ku-flowerbed. Ezikhwameni ezinembewu, imvamisa azicacisi uhlobo lukabhekilanga futhi zifaka amalebula imbewu ngokuthi iHelianthus, yize abamele unyaka nonyaka nazo zonke izinhlobo zabo behlanganiswa ubhekilanga wonyaka (Helianthus annuus) Ukuqhakaza kwamajikijolo wonyaka ngokwesiko kuthatha kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Imidwebo eyakhiwe ngomunwe munye enamahlumela amnyama aqondile, ithweswe umqhele eziqongweni ngamabhasikidi amakhulu ngokumangalisa ama-inflorescence anobubanzi obuyi-5 kuye ku-36 cm, abhekilanga baziwa kalula. Futhi hhayi kuphela esikhungweni esikhulu kakhulu sezimbali eziningi zomhlanga noma ohlelwe imigqa eqinile yezimbali zomhlanga, kodwa futhi nakuma-bristly-pubescent, aqinile ekuthinteni, esimweni esimibalabala, esimeni esime kahle senhliziyo sishiya i-petioles, umbala ogcwele ngamandla e-peduncles yayo.

Ojongilanga bonyaka futhi banezinto ezincane, kuphela uhhafu wemitha ukuphakama, noma ngisho ophansi, izinhlobo nezinkulu ezinkulu. Amafomu okuhlobisa (i-mosagated, bloated eziyindilinga, izimbali ezijikelezayo eziningi, eCalifornia) namakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ama-sunflower wonyaka ngendlela oyithandayo. Okuphuzi, o-orenji, obomvu, omhlophe, onsundu, okwahluka kombala owodwa noma emibili nemibala emithathu nantathu, amabanga ehlukene e-terry ne-semi-terry, ubungako besikhungo nendawo kanye nokuma kwamaphayini kuthinta kakhulu ukuhlotshiswa kwama sunflower kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Kepha konke lokhu kwehluka akuthinti ukwenziwa kabusha kwamajongilanga wonyaka. Zitshalwa kuphela kusuka ezinhlanyelweni futhi kaningi azisebenzisi izithombo, kodwa indlela elula kunazo zonke ukuhlwanyela ngqo endaweni lapho kulinywe khona, okungukuthi, ingene emhlabathini ngokushesha.

Izindlela zokusakazeka kojongilanga

1. Ukuhlwanyela ngqo endaweni yokulinyelwa entwasahlobo.
2. Ukuhlwanyela izithombo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ukuziqoqela kwembewu ye-sunflower nokukhetha kwabo ukuhlwanyelwa

Ngisho nezinhlobo zemfashini ebhekwe kakhulu zojongilanga zinikeza ukuzitshala okuningana, kepha ukuqoqa imbewu yezinhlobo zakho ozithandayo kulesi sitshalo akunzima. Ama-achenes ama-ovoid angama-faceted agqamile kubhasikidi asicaba angahlola kalula izinga lokuvuthwa kwembewu (ngokufiphala kwawo).

Into enzima kakhulu ekuqoqeni imbewu yezilimo ezihlobisa ilanga ukuvikela isivuno kwizinyoni ezithanda ukujabulela imbewu ngisho nezinhlobo zonyaka. Njengoba imbewu ye-inflorescence, kusuka lapho ihlela ukuvuna, yakhiwa, kufanele iboshwe ngenetha, indwangu esobala noma i-gauze ukuvikela izinyoni ekufinyeleleni imbewu eyigugu. Ngemuva kokusika amakhanda, imbewu ayisuswa ezitsheni, kodwa ivunyelwe yome ngokuphelele. Ungagcina imbewu ngaphandle kokususa kubhasikidi, nangefomu "elimsulwa".

Imbewu yezilanga zokuhlobisa igcina ukuhluma kwayo isikhathi eside kakhulu: ngisho nangonyaka wesithathu noma wesine emva kokuvunwa, ama-sunflower wonyaka aqhuma, kodwa hhayi ngesithelo sama-90%, kodwa ngokuthula.

Into esemqoka ekuthengeni imbewu yezinhlobo nezinhlanganisela zojongilanga bokuhlobisa ukukhetha abakhiqizi abathembekile. Imbewu eshibhile kakhulu yezinkampani ezikhohlisayo ingahle inganiki ihlumela elilodwa. Naka ukuphelela kolwazi mayelana nomenzi, funda idumela laso, amanani aphakathi emakethe. Okokunye, ungagxila kuphela ekuphakameni nasezimisweni zobuhle ze-inflorescence. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu iyahlungwa, ilahle okonakele nezincane (uma ufisa, ingahlwanyelwa ngokuhlukile kuhlolo).

Indawo yokutshala ama-sunflower okuhlobisa

Lona kanye igama le-helianthus libonisa ngqo izimo lezi zimbali zasehlobo ezijabulisayo zikhetha ukukhula ngaphansi kwazo. Amajongilanga wonyaka angabakhulekeli belanga abafanayo nokuhlwanyela okuvamile noma i-helianthus yonyaka. Zidinga izindawo ezikhanyayo, ezivulekile kakhulu, nelanga. Ngezinhlobonhlobo eziphansi zikabhekilanga, i-windiness ayiyimbi kangako, kepha ukuthola ama-sunlight aphezulu futhi akhulu kakhulu, afinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama noma atshalwe emingceleni nasezikrinini, udinga ukukhetha izindawo ezivikelwe, ezifudumele, ezingena moya. Noma ezinhlotsheni ezincane ezinokuphakama okungaba ngu-30 cm, ama-inflorescence amancane futhi angamakhanyisi amancane akhanya ezindaweni ezinomoya.

Ukunakwa okuningi kufanele kunikezwe kumamoya wenhlabathi. Kumajongilanga wonyaka, kufanele kube lula futhi kube nokukhululeka. Ama-sandy sandy ayathandwa, kepha uma isihlabathi singezwa ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka, i-helianthus ingakhula emhlabathini we-loamy kanye nobumba. Inhlabathi emanzi noma emisha enokuqukethwe okunezakhi eziphezulu izovumela i-helianthus ibonise ubuhle bayo ngokuphelele unyaka owodwa. Amajongilanga wonyaka awabekezeleli usawoti womhlabathi nendawo ene-acidic.

Izilimo ezingama-sunflower azitshalwa zingami endaweni efanayo, ngemuva kwamakhaza, ama-legumes nama-beet.

Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela i-sunflower yokuhlobisa enhlabathini

Ezifundeni lapho umhlabathi ufudumala khona ekuqaleni, ukukhethwa kwezinsuku zokutshala okunwetshiwe nokwelula isikhathi sokutshala izinyanga eziningi kukuvumela ukwandisa isikhathi sezimbali cishe sonke isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuhlwanyela i-sunflower eningizimu kungenziwa ekwindla, ngaphambi kobusika, ekupheleni kukaMashi-Ephreli.

Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, abhekilanga minyaka yonke bahlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli ngesimo sezulu esihle, kodwa kaningi - ngoMeyi kuphela. Akudingekile ukwesaba ukuhlwanyelwa kokuqala: ngaphandle kokuthi ama-sunlight uqobo awabekezeleli ukubanda futhi abuna ngokufika kwesithwathwa, izithombo zikubekezelela ngokuphelele ukubanda kwamaqabunga ama--6 degrees, okwenza sikwazi ukuhlwanyela i-sunflower yokuhlobisa ngandlela-thile ngaphambili kwehlobo elijwayelekile. Imvamisa, izitshalo zinconywa ukuthi zihlwanyelwe lapho inhlabathi ifudumala kuze kufike ku-10 degrees Celsius.

Kunoma ikuphi, "ukwelula" ukuhlwanyelwa kuyadingeka, ukuhlukanisa imbewu ibe izingxenye ukuze kuhlwanyelwe isikhathi esingangesonto elilodwa. Uma wenza ukuhlwanyelwa kwama-sunflower okuhlobisa phakathi nehlobo lonke, i-parade yama-sunflower izoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuqala isithwathwa sokuqala futhi ingaphazamiseki.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yokuhlobisa kwelanga

Ngenqubo yokuhlwanyela izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zojongilanga, akukho okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ungacwilisa imbewu emanzini usuku oluthile futhi ukhukhamba ku fungicides (ngisho nasisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate) ukwandisa ukumelana nezinambuzane nezifo. Ngenani elilinganiselwe lezimbewu, kungakuhle ukuba kumila kumbhalo onamanzi noma ngethawula lephepha, ngokunamathisela ngokucophelela noma ukusika phezulu kwembewu ukusheshisa ukuhluma.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngemifologo noma emigodini ngayinye, ukujuliswa cishe ngu-2-4 cm (ukujula okuphezulu, okungathinti ukukhula kwamahlumela, kungama-5 cm). Kungcono ukuhlwanyela imbewu yokuhlobisa i-sunflower kancane ukuze uvikele isidingo sokuncipha kwezithombo. Imvamisa, imbewu ibekwa kube yizicucu ezi-2-3 kude nobude obungama-30 cm ngaphansi kokwenza ama-sunlight aphezulu kakhulu.

Amahlumela okuqala ama-sunflower wonyaka avame ukuvela isonto ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.

Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela avele futhi aqine, izitshalo ezengeziwe ziyasuswa, zishiya eziqine kakhulu.

Izimbali ezivela ngoMeyi izilimo zingalindeleke ngoJulayi. Kepha kulula kakhulu ukugxila kubude besikhathi sokukhula: ubhekilanga wonyaka uzoqhakaza ngamaphesenti angama-75, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, izinsuku ezingama-90.

Nakekela amahlumela amasha we-sunflower yokuhlobisa

Ujongilanga ungathintwa yizinyoni, iminenke kanye namagundane kudala ngaphambi kokuqhakaza futhi esigabeni sokuhluma. Ukusuka kuma-slgs kanye neminenele kungcono ukubola ngokushesha isiheho, kepha ungonga izitshalo zikabhekilanga ezinyoni ngokumboza inhlabathi ngetha noma ngefilimu.

Naphezu kwesimo sabakhulekeli belanga, ukuveza ukuthi yilanga elihlobisa njengokuhlobisa izitshalo ezibekezelela isomiso kungaba yiphutha elikhulu. Ziyi-hygrophilous futhi ubuhle bezimbali ngqo buxhomekeka ekuniseleni. Isomiso ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kokutshala okuhlaza kanye nokuthambisa izithako kuthinta kakhulu izimbali, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa kuhlinzekwa kusuka esigabeni sezithombo ezincane. Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ukufiphaza kwenhlabathi kuyingozi ngezinga elifanayo lokomiswa ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi. Ukuchelela kwenziwa lapho kungabikho imvula eyanele, cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki ekushiseni nasesomeni, kufaka inhlabathi ekujuleni kwezimpande ze-helianthus.

Ukufaka umpetha wejongilanga, inqobo nje uma inhlabathi inempilo eyanele, ingashiywa nakancane. Uma inhlabathi ingathuthukiswanga, khona-ke cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ungondla abhekilanga ngamanyolo we-nitrogen, futhi esigabeni sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza ngamanyolo agcwele amaminerali noma we-potassium-phosphorus.

Izinhlobo eziphakeme zikajongilanga ziboshwe kahle izisekeli njengoba zikhula, ikakhulukazi uma izitshalo zisatshalwa ezindaweni ezinomoya. Isikhonkwane esilula sanele abhekilanga.

Kumajongilanga angabantu abadala, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwehlela ezinhlotsheni eziningana:

• ukuchelela;
• ukukhulula inhlabathi;
• ukususa ukhula;
• ukususwa kwezihlahla eziphelile (uma ugcina ama-inflorescence, akufanele uphuthume ngokusika, ngoba ilanga aligcini ngokuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali yasekwindla kanye nobusika, kodwa futhi lizosebenza njengomthombo owengeziwe wokudla wezinyoni).

Ukususa izimbali eziqothulayo kusuka kulamajongilanga kusheshisa ukuqhakaza kwamahlamvu amasha futhi kuvimbele ukuqunjelwa kwamakhanda ezimbali. Uma ukhulisa izitshalo zokusika, ngakho-ke kungcono impela ukusika ama-inflorescences ngendlela eseduze (ngaphandle “kwamakhanda” ambalwa asele ukuqoqa imbewu). Kepha uma umane uyihlobisa ingadi ngama-sunflower nendawo yama-accents, khona-ke shiya ama-inflorescence amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka: izokhonza izinyoni eziwusizo engadini kungakho kubi njengokugcwaliswa okuvamile kwama-feeders. Yebo, futhi ukubukeka kwakho kuzokujabulisa.

Izithombo ezikhulayo zojongilanga.

Ukukhula kwelanga yilanga okuhlobisa ngezithombo

Umhlabathi wokuhlwanyela amajongilanga wonyaka unempilo evamile, egcwele indawo yonke, enempilo futhi evulekile, kepha hhayi ngokusabela okuncane, kepha ukungathathi hlangothi noma okuyi-alkaline. Kepha iziqukathi zidinga ukunakwa kakhudlwana: abhekilanga abakuthandi ukufakelwa, ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwezimpande kungcono ukuthi uzihlwanyele ezinkomishini noma kumabhodwe we-peat.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kwenziwa ngokuya ngesikhathi oyifunayo sokutshala enhlabathini. Njengoba izithombo esezikhulile zimelana neqhwa, ukutshala kungenziwa kuphela ngoMeyi-Juni, bese kuhlwanyelwa imbewu ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi (izinsuku ezingama-20-25 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo). Kodwa into esemqoka okudingeka ugxile kuyo ubukhulu bokukhanya, amandla okuhlelela ukukhanyisela emuva.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ama-pcs ama-2-3 ezinkomishini zomuntu, kususwa izitshalo ezibuthakathaka amahlumela aqhamukayo. Khulisa i-sunflower ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kuya ekujuleni kuka-1.5-2 cm emhlabathini omanzi. Noma yikuphi ukushisa kufanelekile ukuhluma ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinkomba zasekamelweni, kodwa ukukhanya kufanele kube kukhanya kakhulu.

Ukutshala izithombo zikabhekilanga akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, izitshalo ziba buthakathaka, iziqu ziyagoba, isitshalo siyelulwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi asizibukeki njengaso. Kumajongilanga, yindawo kuphela efasiteleni eliseningizimu noma elikhanyayo elifanelekile. Umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele ube nokukhanya okungaguquki. Ukondla akwenziwa. Izithombo ze-Harden kufanele ziqale ekuqaleni.

Ukutshala ama-sunflower okuhlobisa akhule ngezithombo kungenzeka kuphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma uJuni, ngemuva kokusatshiswa kwesithwathwa sokubuya kwesithando. Izitshalo zitshalwa ngendlela efanayo nalezo ezihlwanyelwe ngazo enhlabathini evulekile, endaweni eyi-30-70 cm. Isigaxa sobumba esizungeze izimpande asikwazi ukubhujiswa. Kuzithombo ezincane, ukunakekelwa kuyafana nokunakekela izithombo ezincane.