Uqedile umsebenzi wekwindla. Ingadi ilungiselelwe isizini ezayo. Isikhathi sokulungiselela umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo, izithombo ezikhulayo, ukuhlwanyela izilimo zokuqala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Kusihlwa kusihlwa, ngaphansi kokugqwala kwemvula eningizimu noma ukuwa kweqhwa maphakathi nezindawo ezisenyakatho, ungayenza imbewu.
Imbewu yemifino.
Njengomthetho, osekwindla sekwephuzile, ekugcineni kwakho konke ukuvuna, abahlali basehlobo kanye nabalimi bahlanganisa uhlu lwezilimo, babheke izindawo ezihlongozwayo zezinhlobo zembewu ezihlongozwayo noma inzalo ehlongozwayo, bese ukhetha izinto zokutshala abazithandayo ngokwencazelo noma izindaba zomakhelwane wabo wokuthenga nokuhlwanyela. Khumbula! Kuphela ngokulondolozwa okufanele, impahla yembewu izokhiqiza izithombo ezinobungane zezithombo ezinempilo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzijwayeze kusengaphambili ngoshintsho ezinqubweni ze-biochemical imbewu ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, imigomo nemibandela yesitoreji, isikhathi eside somnotho (ukuhluma) kwembewu yezilimo ezahlukahlukene. Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokugcina kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokuhluma, ukulimala kwezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isivuno esiphansi sekhwalithi enezinto eziphezulu nezindleko zabasebenzi.
Izinqubo ze-Biochemical in imbewu ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa
Imbewu ihlukanisa phakathi kokuphila isikhathi eside futhi komnotho isikhathi sokukhula. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kuyinzalo enkulu yezazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kodwa ezomnotho zihlala zithakazelisa odokotela. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwezomnotho okunquma ukumila kwembewu okunemibandela, okuthi, lapho izidingo zokugcina zephulwa, zehle kakhulu.
Izimbangela zokulahleka kokuhluma
Izizathu ezinkulu zokulahleka kokuhluma kwembewu kubhekwa njengokungezelelwa kokuqukethwe komswakama ezinhlotsheni nasemoyeni, kanye namazinga okushisa akhuphukayo egumbini lapho kugcinwa khona imbewu.
Imbewu ihlanzekile kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubamba umphunga wamanzi emoyeni futhi bakhiphe umswakama we-vaporous ungene emvelweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukulingana okunempilo "ukuphefumula" okunempilo kwezilungiselelo ku-(okuningi njengoba anikeze, kwathatha kakhulu). Izinga lokuphefumula okulingana okunjalo kuncike ezimweni zezinto eziphilayo zembewu futhi kunqunywa ngokuqukethwe kwesitashi namafutha aluhlaza ekwakhiweni, ngosayizi nobuncane bembewu. Lapho okuqukethwe komswakama kwembewu kungaphakathi kuka-6-12%, ukuphefumula kwawo akunakuqhathaniswa. Ukukhuphuka komswakama we-1-2% kukhulisa kakhulu ukuqina kokuphefumula kwembewu kanye nokushisa kwazo. Izinqubo ze-biochemical ziyaqala, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwazo kwezinto ezomile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhluma kwehliswa kakhulu, imbewu ikhula isikhunta, ingabola futhi ife, noma inciphise kakhulu ukuhluma. Isibonelo, eklabishi, ukukhuphuka komswakama wembewu ngo-2% kusuka kokuphakeme kusheshisa ukuphefumula amahlandla angama-27, nange-4% - ngezikhathi ezingama-80. Cishe imbewu iqala ukumila i-inopportune bese, iyafa. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lezilimo eziningi ezivela emndenini we-sefiferals, ithanga, kanye ne-nightshade kubhekwe ukuthi lingama-10-12 ° C ngomswakama wesihlobo egumbini elingadluli kuma-60%. Kwabamele abomndeni wesambulela, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-lilac, ithanga, okuthile okubethelwa kanye nomzimba omncane ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ngaphandle kokushintsha izinga lokushisa, umswakama ophansi womoya ngo-50%. Imbewu eyome kahle ayilahli ukuqhuma kwayo futhi igcinwe kahle emazingeni okushisa asuka ku- + 1ºС to -5ºС.
Izindlela zokugcina imbewu
Imbewu igcinwa ivulekile futhi ivaliwe.
Kwindlela evulekile imbewu igcinwa sonke isikhathi sokugcinwa esitsheni esidlula kalula umoya nomswakama ezinhlanyelweni. Iziqukathi ezinjengalezi zingqimba ezenziwe ngendwangu yemvelo - ilineni noma i-jute, ukuthungwa ezingqekweni ezi-1-2 (amasaka, izikhwama, izikhwama, njll.).
Nendlela evaliwe isitoreji (akuvamile) imbewu ibekwa esitsheni esingavikeleki amanzi. Umthamo oshambile unezendlalelo ezi-2. Ingaphezulu livame ukwenziwa ngendwangu kanti i-liner yangaphakathi yi-polyethylene. Okuqukethwe komswakama wembewu kuma-polyethylene liners awadluli ku-6-9%. Ingubo ye-polyethylene enezinhlamvu iboshwe ngokuqinile ukuvikela ukungena kokuswakama, futhi indwangu engenhla imane iqiniswe noma iboshwe ngezindlebe eziseceleni.
Ibhokisi Lokugcina Imbewu YasenduloKuzogcinwa kuphi imbewu ekhaya?
Ekhaya, imbewu igcinwa kangcono kwizikhwama zamaphepha eziwugqinsi ezibekwe ezitsheni zepulasitiki noma emabhodleleni amancane. Imbewu engasetshenziswanga ngokuphelele ishiywe emaphaketheni athengiwe, igoqwe ngokucophelela futhi ivikelwe umswakama. Ngokwesitoreji sabo, kungcono ukuthulula ufulawa omisiwe omncane, isitashi sommbila noma enye into ethola umswakama ezansi kwengqimba yengilazi. Beka izikhwama ezifakwe ngaphezulu bese uvala isivimbo ngokuqinile.
Kungcono ukugcina imbewu eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi noma egumbini elihlukile elipholile. Enye imbewu eyomiswe kahle (dill, fennel, izaqathe, iparsley, ulethisi) zigcinwa kalula ezitsheni zengilazi. Ezikhwameni ze-foil eziminyene, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1-2 imbewu iyafikelwa futhi ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okuhluma noma nokufa.
Isikhathi sokumila
Impilo yeshalofu yembewu ikhonjiswa kwilebula kanye negama, unyaka wokuqoqa, ikilasi. Le mininingwane iyadingeka ukuthola izithombo ezigcwele ngokuphelele, ngoba lapho zigcinwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi esibekiwe, ukuhluma kwehliswa kakhulu, futhi izithombo zinokungazethembi okuncane kokulimala ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Ikilasi eliboniswe kwilebula libonisa iphesenti lokuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu. Imbewu yesigaba sokuqala inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhluma, okungama-60-95% ezitshalweni ezihlukile. Imbewu zesigaba sesibili - 40-85%. Amaphesenti wokuhluma azosiza umlimi ukuba anqume ngokunembile ubukhulu besitshalo.
Ngokugcina kahle, imbewu yemifino igcina ukuhluma okuphezulu kulezi zikhathi ezilandelayo:
- Iminyaka engu-1-2: isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, amantshontsho, ama-parsnips, ummbila, u-anyanisi, amaliki
- Iminyaka emi-2: lovage, iparsley, i-dill, isipinashi, i-sorrel, i-leek, i-coriander,
- Iminyaka engu-3-4: isaladi, isanqante, upelepele omnandi, u-anyanisi omnyama, i-fennel, uphizi,
- Iminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala: i-kohlrabi, itheniphu, ibetshu, ukholifulawa, isitshalo seqanda,
- Iminyaka emi-4-5: utamatisi, isithombo, isarada, iklabishi, iklabishi elimhlophe, i-broccoli,
- Iminyaka engama-4-6: ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi,
- Iminyaka engu-6-8: ukhukhamba, u-squash, i-zucchini, amakhabe, amakhabe.
Impilo yeshalofu ekhonjisiwe yezinongo (i-green) nezitshalo zemifino ayikhawulwanga. Kwimbewu eyomile kahle, ukungafani kwezinga lokushisa akuyona into embi, kepha uma umswakama wembewu uphakeme kunokubucayi, khona-ke emazingeni aphansi imbewu izokhiqiza ngenxa yokwephula isigqi sokuphefumula (ithola okungaphezulu kwalokho engayikunikeza) bese isikhathi sokuhluma sizokwehla kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, imbewu esikhathini esinqunyelwe ingagcina ukuhluma enye i-3-5, kanti eminye (utamatisi) iminyaka eyi-10.
Amanothi ambalwa
Imbewu ethengwe ebusika ekhawunteni kufanele ifakwe ngokushesha esiqandisini noma ishiywe endaweni ebandayo. Ekamelweni elifudumele, izikhwama ezibandayo ziqoqa i-condensation, ezingathinta izinga lomswakama imbewu.
Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukuthenga imbewu yesilimo sonyaka owedlule. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngenxa yehlobo elifushane, imbewu zivunwa ngaphambi kokukhula futhi zivuthwe ngaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, imbewu esanda kuvunwa inamazinga aphansi wokuhluma namandla wokuhluma (ubungane be-seedling).
ENingizimu, umehluko ekuhlumeni kwembewu yeminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala cishe ungaqondakali. Kepha udinga ukufudumeza imbewu esanda kuthengwa ngaphambi kokuyibeka ukuze igcinwe ekhaya kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-30-35ºС.
