Izimbali zikaphayini

Isilayishi, nomaSwirlfish (I-Monótropa) luhlobo lwe-saprophytic yaphakade, amakhambi angewona ama-chlorophyllic omndeni wakwaHeather. Izitshalo zalolu hlobo zande ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo nesibandayo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi emahlathini angama-coniferous.

I-Emerald ejwayelekile (iMonotropa hypopitys)

Uhlobo luqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili, enye yazo itholakala eRussia.

Uhlobo lwePodielnik ngaphambili lwalufakwe emndenini weMonotropaceae Nutt. (I-Vertlianytsyevye, noma iPodzhelnikovye), kodwa kamuva izinga le-podzhelnikovy lancishiselwa kwi-subfamily (I-Monotropoideae) njengengxenye yomndeni wakwaHeather (Ericaceae) Manje lokhu kuzithoba kufaka phakathi izizwe ezintathu, okubandakanya nesizwe iVertlyanicevye, noma iPodielnikovy (I-Monotropeae) cishe i-genera eyisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwayo kukhona i-Allotropa, iMonotropisis nePodelnik.

I-Witch's Ring of Flowering Plants I-Monolithic Monotropa uniflora. E-USA, eWashington, eSan Juan Islands, e-Orcas Island

Isichazamazwi segama lesayensi yi-Hypopitys Hill (1756).

Igama lesayensi elejwayelekile -Monotropa - ingahunyushwa ngokuthi "munye-munye" (ama-Greek monos - "one", ama-tropos - "ajika"). Leli gama linikezwa ngenxa yesici esisezingeni elilodwa le-inflorescence yohlobo.I-hypotity ye-Monotropalokho kukhula eYurophu. Igama lesiRussia "pododelnik" lihumusha uhlobo lwe-epithet yezinhlobo ezifanayo (Greek hypo - "under", pitys - "spruce").

Amagama abantu baseRussia - i-podoelnitsa (pododelnitsa), utshani be-uraznaya.

Amagama ubulili besiNgisi -Ipayipi laseNdiya ("Ipayipi laseMdabu laseMelika" - ngenxa yokufana kwezitshalo ezinamapayipi amaNdiya),Isitshalo se-Ghost ("isitshalo somoya", "imbali yamakha" - ngenxa yombala omhlophe),Isidumbu ("imbali ye-cadaveric").

Igama lesiFinnish lohlobo,Mäntykukat, elihunyushwe ngokweqiniso lisho "izimbali zikaphayini", kanye nesi-Estonia,ukubona kwamehlo, - "amakhowe wezimbali", afana nama-mushroom cap wehlathi.

I-Emerald ejwayelekile (iMonotropa hypopitys)

Abamele lolu hlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zisetshenziswa ezingenalo i-chlorophyll. Umbala - omhlophe noma ophuzi (ngesinye isikhathi ubomvana noma ubomvu mpinki), okufanayo kusiqu, nangamaqabunga, nangezimbali; isitshalo sonke sibukeka siklanywe nge-wax. I-Emerald ijwayelekile emahlathini ansundu enhlanganisela ehlukile - ikakhulukazi e-coniferous, kodwa futhi itholakala emahlathini axubile futhi aqine (ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini ama-oki). Ikhula ekulahlekelweni kwehlathi - imvamisa esisekelweni seConifers.

Isiqu okumanzi, ukuphakama kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-25 cm, nobubanzi obungu-0.5 cm.

Kushiya i-alternate, enamanzi, i-scaly, i-ovate-oblong, engaba ngu-1.5 cm ubude.

Izimbali ejwayelekile, kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm ubude, kufakwe insimbi emile. E-ecliptic monochromatic, izimbali azishintshi, ngesikhathi esifanayo ecliptic - ngokwesilinganiso kusuka kwababili kuya kwabayishumi nambili, bahlangana ngokuqinile, baqoqwe kubhulashi le-apical drooping. ICalyx ayikho; imvamisa kunamabhulokhethi amabili, acishe alingane ngosayizi kuma-petals. I-corolla icishe ibe mhlophe noma iphuzi okuphuzi, iqukethe amacembe amane noma amahlanu, ngalinye linokuqhuma okuncane kwesisekelo ezansi. Umucu wama-monocots uphakamisile ngalawa makhuba. I-nectar disc ayikho ezimbali ze-emerald (ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nazo), noma kunjalo, ama-papillae ancishisiwe asala ezansi kwe-ovary. Ama-Stamens angaphansi kwesishiyagalombili. Izimbali - kusuka phakathi nehlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla (engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia - ekugcineni kwehlobo). I-ovary ephezulu. Ukungcola kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Ukuze uzihehe, lesi sitshalo sisakaza iphunga elifana nephunga likalamula.

Izithelo - isigaxa se-oval (ovoid). Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, ibhulashi elivulekile, lapho izimbali zazikhona, liqonde.

Imbewu Uma kuqhathaniswa nembewu yomunye heather, utshani obudaluliwe bukhanya kakhulu, kufana nothuli (inqwaba yabo ingu-0.000003 g), ifakwe “umsila”. “Umsila” nesisindo esincane kangako kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi imbewu isatshalaliswa ngemisinga yomoya, futhi emahlathini aminyene lapho umdala ekhula khona, umoya uvunguza kakhulu.

I-Emerald ejwayelekile (iMonotropa hypopitys)

Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-emerald iyisitshalo se-saprophytic, kepha inhlangano yokudla kwayo yayiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. I-Emerald, njengabanye abamele iningi lomndeni wakwaHeather, ihlala ngokufana ne-microscopic amakhowe. Ubuchopho be-Symbiosis ku-ecliptic ukuthi ama-hyphae amakhowe afanayo angena kuzo zombili izimpande ze-ecliptic nezimpande zezihlahla eziseduze. Ngalezi hyphae, ubucwebe abutholi kuphela izakhi ezikhiqizwa isikhunta, kodwa futhi nezinto ezivela ezihlahleni (ngokwesibonelo, ama-phosphates) ezidinga ukusebenza okujwayelekile, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwembewu (ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-epoch ingayenza ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezinama-photosynthetic) ; Ukushintshaniswa, izihlahla zingena kumuthi ofanayo we-mushroom of ubuthi obukhulu obukhiqizwa yi-accomplice.

Enye into eyingqayizivele ye-ecliptic ukuthi isikhunta semicroscopic sitholakala cishe kuzo zonke izitho zesitshalo: zombili ezimpandeni, nakumahlumela, ngisho nasezimbali.

Umbuzo uhlala uvulekile ukuthi ngabe abamele lolu hlobo lwePodielnik kufanele babhekwe njengezitshalo zokuhlanza.

I-Monophropa uniflora

AmaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika asebenzisa i-emerald ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo: afaka umuthi osuka kulesi sitshalo kwi-conjunctiva yeso. EYurophu, i-emerald yayisetshenziswa njengesitshalo okwelapha ekwelapheni ukukhwehlela.

Uhlobo lwePodielnik luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili:

I-Monotropa hypópitys L. (1753) - I-synch emerald evamile. I-Hypopitys monotropa Crantz (1766). Izinhlobo zitholakala ezifundeni eziningi ezishisayo zase-Eurasia, nasogwini lwePacific lwaseNyakatho Melika. E-Russia - engxenyeni yaseYurophu, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, izinhlobo zezilwane zivame kakhulu endaweni okungeyona eye-chernozem. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo luyisitshalo esingandile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi sitholakala ngamanani amakhulu.
UkubhaliselwaI-hypotity ye-Monotropa subsp.hypophegea kwesinye isikhathi kuthathwa njengohlobo oluzimeleI-Monotropa hypophega Wallr. (1822) - ICrib bib syn. I-Hypopitys hypopheghea (Wallr.) G. Don (1834). Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-emerald ejwayelekile, ezitshalweni zalezi zinhlobo, izimbali ziyakhazimula, zincanyana, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence athambile.
I-Monotropa uniflora L. (1753) - Ukuqhuma kwelanga kweMonocotyledon. Izinhlobo zitholakala eHimalaya, eMpumalanga Asia, naseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi ukusuka e-Alaska kuye ePanama, kanye nasenyakatho neNingizimu Melika (eColombia), kanti uhla lwezinhlobo lunezifo ezinkulu. Lesi sitshalo siyivelakancane. Imvamisa inombala omhlophe, kepha ama-typimens apinki nawokubomvu nawo ayatholakala.