IHeliconia (Heliconia) kulolu hlobo lwesimo ifaka cishe izinhlobo ezingama-150 zezitshalo ezivela emndenini wamabhanana (iHeliconiaceae), ezingxenye eziningi zisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngempumelelo lapho zitshalwa lapho zihamba ekhaya.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Ama-perennials e-Herbaceous afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Ngokubukeka kwazo, angikhumbuza ubhanana, anama-rhizomes amakhulu, anesiqu esifushane, anamaqabunga amakhulu. Ngaphandle, afana namahlamvu obhanana, at izinhlobo ezinde afinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ubude nangu-1 ububanzi. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka endizeni emincane yesinde, bona, njengobhanana, banokuthile okufana nokwendawo efanayo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-heliconia ne-banana ngamaqabunga anemigqa emibili. Ukukhula kwalesi sitshalo kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kakade ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula, kunenkathi yezimbali. Ngesikhathi sokushintshwa kwezimbali, iziqu ezasala zifushaniswe esigabeni sezitshalo zikhula ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwesiqu samanga, zikhipha i-inflorescence iye phezulu, okuthi kwabanye abamele itholakala ibheke phezulu, futhi kwezinye izimo ilenga phansi noma iqonde.
E-eksisi kukhona ama-inflorescence asemgqeni amabili wohlobo lwama-curls, afakwe emigqeni ekhanyayo, e-scaphoid kanye namaqabunga amakhulu. Imvamisa kakhulu iba nombala ogqamile ngokungajwayelekile: o-orenji, obomvu, ophuzi no-pinki, kepha kwezinye izikhathi umbala wemiphetho ungashintsha ube ohluke kakhulu. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezingaphansi, ama-inflorescence awo afinyelela amasentimitha angama-30 futhi aphethe amaqabunga angama-4-5 wokumboza kuphela. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-1.5 ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu akuvamile. Izitshalo zihlobisa kakhulu, kanti izinhlobo zazo zazo ziyaziwa engadini yethu.
Izakhamizi zakule ndawo zaze zeza namagama akhethekile ezinhlobo ezithile ze-heliconia, ngokwesibonelo, ngemibala yazo enemibala, lesi sitshalo sabizwa ngokuthi "imbali yephara", futhi ngenxa yesimo esingajwayelekile s imbali, yanikezwa igama elithi "lobster claw". Lokhu kuhlanganiswa ngokwako ngemithunzi eminingi: ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu nomhlophe. Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi imbewu yezinye izidalwa ezinobuso obunemibala inombala we-chameleon, ekuqaleni zinombala wewolintshi, bese kuthi kamuva kube yiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
IHeliconia isitshalo esifuneka kahle lapho ishiya ikhaya, izizwa imnandi futhi ikhula ngaphansi kwezimo eziseduze kakhulu nendawo yayo yokuhlala. Kulula ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okunjalo endlini ebamba ukushisa eyenziwe ekhaya ngokukhethekile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kugcinwe umbuso wokushisa, okungafanele ube ngaphansi kwamadigri ayi-18 futhi kulondolozwe umswakama njalo endaweni engamaphesenti angama-75-80.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hexonium
Heliconia bihai imvamisa itholakala kuma-gadges anombala nasezithendeni zezinyawo kusuka eBrazil kuya eMexico. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, sinamaqabunga amakhulu, sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,2 ubude namasentimitha angama-30-45 ububanzi. Ama-inflorescence anemifantu ehlukahlukene futhi enobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, ubude bawo bufika kumasentimitha angama-60, futhi ububanzi bawo bufika ku-30 amasentimitha, aqhamuka kuma-sheaths anemibala ebomvu. I-inflorescences ye-yellowish or green hue enamaqabunga amboze umbala obomvu we-orange ngokubomvu ngaphezulu.
Heliconia bicolor (Heliconia bicolor) kuvame ukutholakala eBrazil ezindaweni ezihamba phansi ezinomswakama omkhulu. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela kumitha eyi-1 ukuphakama, sinamacembe ama-oblong-lanceolate, akhombe, abukeka njengokwesisekelo, afinyelela amasentimitha angama-40-55 ubude namasentimitha ayi-6.5-10 ububanzi. Anokubukeka okuphezulu kokuhlobisa futhi abukeka emangalisa ngenxa yezimbali ezihlelwe ngemigqa emibili.
Insimbi ye-Heliconia (i-Heliconia metallica) kutholakala ezigodini ezinomthunzi onomswakama omkhulu eColombia. Ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama futhi ikhombe, amapheshana e-oblong-oval afinyelela ku-amasentimitha angama-30 ubude namasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi ububanzi, ingxenye engenhla yeqabunga ipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, phakathi nendawo kukhona umthambo omhlophe othuthukile ukusuka lapho isuka le-feathery lishiya khona umbala ofanayo we-vein, ovela phansi kweqabunga unombala obomvu okhanyayo. Amacembe amade ane-tint ebomvu. Amacembe amboze i-inflorescence abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti izimbali zibomvu kakhulu ngokuhlobisa.
IHeliconia ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, adinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, noma okonakele, yize kungakhanyiswa kafushane ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Uzizwa eseduze kwamafasitela asempumalanga nasentshonalanga. Uma indawo ekhethiwe iseduze kwefasitela lokuya ngaseningizimu, isitshalo kufanele sifiphazwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
IHeliconia izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe umbuso wokushisa wama-degree angama-22 kuye kwangama-26 unyaka nonyaka, kanti uma kungenzeki ukugcina amazinga okushisa ebusika, ungakwehlisa kancane, kepha ungabi ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18. Lesi sitshalo esingajwayelekile sithanda umoya omusha, kepha asizukubekezelela okusalungiswa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kubalulekile ukungena egumbini, kodwa ukwenze ngokucophelela.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nehlobo, lesi sitshalo sinikezwa ukuthambisa okuningi, njengoba ungqimba olukhulu lomhlabathi loma. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube okusesilinganisweni, kepha i-coma yobumba akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba isomile. Amanzi okunisela kufanele axazululwe futhi athambile. Iningi labalimi ebusika banciphisa ukuchelela kwesitshalo se-heliconium kwesinye esingavamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugcwala ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika kuyingozi kakhulu kulesi sitshalo, lokhu kungavusa ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande.
Kuyasiza ukuhlinzeka umswakama ophezulu unyaka wonke ngokufafaza ngamanzi ahlungiwe noma ahleliwe kahle. Indawo yezitshalo ezikhulayo kumele futhi ikhethwe ngomswakama omkhulu. Uma ingekho indawo enjalo, ukufafaza umoya kuzoba inqubo edingekayo kanye ngosuku. Usebenzisa obunye ubuhlakani bokutshala ingadi ekhaya, ungandisa umswakama wesitshalo ngokuwubeka epallet enobumba obunwebekile obunwebekile, ama-moss noma amatshe amatshe, kanti phansi kufanele kungathinti amanzi. IHeliconia izizwa kahle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezifudumele noma kubhavu.
Ukufakelwa kanye nomanyolo we-heliconia
Isidingo nokudluliselwa kwaminyaka yonke kwe-heliconia entwasahlobo kumhlabathi wezakhi. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okuphelele kuyingxube yezingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi enamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye yenhlabathi eyi-humus, 1 ingxenye yenhlabathi eyisidudla nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi. Ekuthuthukisweni kwamahhala kohlelo lwempande, kuyadingeka ekufakweni ngakunye ukwandisa ububanzi bezitsha ngamasentimitha ayi-5. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zibekwa kahle kumashubhu nge-drainage enhle.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa esikhathini kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, ngamanyolo anzima wamaminerali omvamisa kanye ngenyanga. Ukugqoka okwamukelekayo nokwengeziwe. Ezikhathini zasekwindla nasebusika, izitshalo azondli.
Ukusakazwa kwe-heliconia imbali ngembewu nangokushunqisa
Lapho izitshalo zisakazeka, imbewu imila ngokufakwa ngaphambi kokuzifaka emanzini afudumele, acishe ashise, acishe abe ngama-60-70 degrees. I-Soak ihamba phambili kwi-thermos, amahora angama-48-72, ngezikhathi ezithile iguqula amanzi abe mancane ngokushisa kokuqala.
Ngemuva kwalokho hlwanyela imbewu enhlanganisweni yengxenye eyodwa yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, izingxenye ezi-2 zenhlabathi e-turfy, ingxenye eyi-humus nengxenye engu-0.5 yesihlabathi, engeza ingxenye encane ye-phytosporin kuleyo ngxube. Amazinga okushisa ngasikhathi sinye asekela ama-degree angama-25 nangaphezulu, amboza izitshalo ngefilimu. Ngezikhathi ezithile fafaza bese ufaka umoya endishini yezithombo. Imbewu ayinayo ukuhluma okufananayo futhi ingahlala izinyanga ezi-4.
Lapho usabalalisa i-heliconia ngendlela engamakhambi: ngokubeka noma ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, ukhula lwengozi lwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Izitshalo ezincane kufanele zitshalwe emabhodweni wamasentimitha ayi-11. Nikeza ukuthambisa okuningi nokugcinwa kokushisa emazingeni angama-20.
Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo simbozwe inqwaba yobumba, inikeze ngokudluliselwa emabhodweni wamasentimitha ayi-15-16. Isendlalelo sakhiwa ngokuhambisana nesikimu esifanayo nokusakazwa kwe-heliconia ngembewu. Kancane kancane, lapho izitshalo ezincane zikhula futhi ziqinisa okomhlaba obumba, wandise ukujula nobubanzi bezitsha ngamasentimitha angama-5 ukuya kwangu-10.
